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	Yellowcake - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Yellowcake (also known as urania and uranic oxide) is concentrated uranium oxide, obtained through the milling of uranium ore.
		Yellowcake is used in the preparation of fuel for nuclear reactors, where it is processed into purified uranium dioxide (UO) for use in fuel rods.
		Yellowcake is unenriched uranium and cannot by itself be used for a nuclear weapon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yellowcake (241 words)

	Yellowcake -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Yellowcake (also known as urania and uranic oxide) is concentrated (A heavy toxic silvery-white radioactive metallic element; occurs in many isotopes; used for nuclear fuels and nuclear weapons) uranium (Any compound of oxygen with another element or a radical) oxide, obtained through the milling of uranium (A metal-bearing mineral valuable enough to be mined) ore.
		Yellowcake is used in the preparation of fuel for ((physics) any of several kinds of apparatus that maintain and control a nuclear reaction for the production of energy or artificial elements) nuclear reactors, where it is processed into purified uranium dioxide (UO) for use in fuel rods.
		Yellowcake is unenriched uranium, and cannot by itself be used for a (A weapon of mass destruction whose explosive power derives from a nuclear reaction) nuclear weapon.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/y/ye/yellowcake.htm (187 words)

	Yellowcake - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is radioactive, forming a coarse powder which is insoluble in water and contain about 80% uranium oxide, and melts at approximately 2878°C. It is created by passing raw uranium ore through crushers and grinders to produce "pulped" ore. This is then bathed in sulphuric acid to leach out the uranium.
		Yellowcake Towns: Uranium Mining Communities in the American West (Mining the American West)
		Yellowcake and crocodiles: Town planning, government, and society in northern Australia
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /yellowcake.htm (287 words)

	Encyclopedia: Yellowcake Forgery
		The term yellowcake forgery refers to falsified documents which appeared to depict an attempt by Iraq's Saddam Hussein regime to purchase yellowcake uranium from the country of Niger, in defiance of United Nations sanctions.
		The reference to the Yellowcake documents in U.S. President George W. Bush's 2003 State of the Union speech (in which he made a case for war with Iraq) became the focus of the first important public criticism of the plan to invade Iraq.
		Sismi had reported to the CIA on October 15, 2001, that Iraq had sought yellowcake in Niger, a report it also plied on British intelligence, creating an echo that the Niger forgeries themselves purported to amplify before they were exposed as a hoax.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Yellowcake-Forgery (4042 words)

	Middle East Times
		Yellowcake is a part of the early stages of the nuclear fuel cycle - a process that Iran insists it only wants to master so it can generate electricity.
		On August 8 Iran chose to end its freeze on the conversion of yellowcake to uranium hexafluoride gas (UF6) at a facility near the central city of Isfahan.
		Yellowcake production and conversion is a precursor to the ultra-sensitive process of enrichment, which involves UF6 being spun through cascades of centrifuges to produce enriched uranium.
	www.metimes.com /articles/normal.php?StoryID=20050830-085200-5007r (599 words)

	USATODAY.com - IAEA confirms yellowcake found in Rotterdam likely from Iraq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Yellowcake, or uranium oxide, could be used to build a nuclear weapon, although it would take tons of the substance refined with sophisticated technology to harvest enough uranium for a single bomb.
		The yellowcake was uncovered Dec. 16 by Rotterdam-based scrap metal company Jewometaal, which had received it in a shipment of scrap metal from a dealer in Jordan.
		He said the dealer was confident the yellowcake, which was contained in a small steel industrial container, came from Iraq.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2004-01-16-netherlands_x.htm (423 words)

	What Is Yellowcake, Anyway? - Milled uranium oxide, yours for $10.90 a pound. By Brendan I. Koerner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		After some drying and filtering, the end product is yellowcake: a coarse, oxidized powder that is often yellow in color but can also have a red or gray tint, depending on the number and type of impurities that may remain.
		Ideally, a drum of yellowcake should wind up looking something like this.
		Yellowcake is a first step toward enriched uranium, but it's a long way from being weapons-grade.
	slate.msn.com /id/2085848 (497 words)

	lgf: Yellowcake Discovered in Rotterdam
		Experts said that around 2 pounds of yellowcake, the amount found, would not be useful for either a bomb or fuel.
		Yellowcake was a descriptive term that was originally applied to natural ammonium diuranate (ADU) which was yellow and chunky - it came to be applied to most form of uranium ore concentrates (UOC) including a lot of natural uranium oxides (uranium tri-oxide (U03) and triuranium octoxide (U3O8)), plus ADU and ammonium uranyl carbonate (AUC).
		The Tuwaitha site was partially looted in March/April 2003 and though most of the yellowcake on that site was recovered an amount of up 20kg may be unaccounted for (a bit difficult to tell as some of the material was mixed with dirt and it tends to absorb water on exposure to air).
	www.littlegreenfootballs.com /weblog/?entry=9625_Yellowcake_Discovered_in_Rotterdam (5265 words)

	Those filthy, no-good 'yellowcakers'! - PittsburghLIVE.com
		Yellowcaker, or "yellowcake Democrat" to be more precise, has become the spirited pejorative du jour, not just for conservatives but contrarians of many political stripes.
		"Yellowcake" actually is the kind of uranium in question in the Iraq-Niger debate -- pure uranium that can be used in the construction of nuclear bombs.
		The editorial explains what "yellowcake" is -- again, a type of uranium -- but it never juxtaposes it with "Democrats," save for in the headline.
	www.pittsburghlive.com /x/tribune-review/opinion/mcnickle/s_146311.html (982 words)

	Yellowcake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Yellowcake is the product of the uranium extraction (milling) process; early production methods resulted in a bright yellow compound, hence the name yellowcake.
		The material is a mixture of uranium oxides that can vary in proportion and in color from yellow to orange to dark green (flish) depending at which temperature the material was dried (level of hydration and impurities).
		Yellowcake is commonly referred to as U3O8 and is assayed as pounds U3O8 equivalent.
	glossary.synabu.com /nuclear/Yellowcake.html (112 words)

	Yellowcake plc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Yellowcake Plc (‘Yellowcake’ or ‘the Company’) was incorporated in the United Kingdom in February 2005 as an Investment Vehicle and floated on the Ofex market on 29 July 2005.
		It is intended that Yellowcake’s interest in any of these selected projects may range from a minority holding to a fully owned stake.
		Yellowcake’s Directors believe that this reflects not only a shortage of supply over demand, but political pressure to find energy sources which limit the production of greenhouse gases and increasing levels of acceptance of nuclear power as a long term solution for power generation.
	www.yellowcakeplc.com (232 words)

	Niger's low security for uranium, radioactive materials under scrutiny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Companies trading in yellowcake should be required to report all significant shipments so that the IAEA can track where the material is going, said Tom Cochrane, director of the nuclear program at the Natural Resources Defence Council, a Washington-based advocacy group.
		Canada's Cameco Corp. trucks yellowcake 3,500 kilometres, from its mines in northern Saskatchewan to processing plants in Blind River, Ont. The trailers are fully enclosed and sealed, and drivers maintain constant radio contact.
		In Niger, trucks of yellowcake lumber along one of the country's few paved roads at a top speed of about 65 km/h, their cargoes of blue barrels drawing little attention in the dusty towns where their drivers stop at night.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/986834/posts (2457 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In preparation for uranium enrichment, the yellowcake is converted to uranium hexafloride gas (UF6).
		In the preparation of natural uranium reactor fuel, yellowcake is processed into purified uranium dioxide.
		In preparation for uranium enrichment, the yellowcake is converted to uranium hexafluoride is produced gas.
	www.stryder.com /def/yellowcake-def.txt (204 words)

	Wanniski.com
		Prather further points out that the process of getting several hundred pounds of U 235 out of yellowcake could not be hidden in a mobile van: “You need to be able to convert yellowcake into uranium hexafluoride -- a solid at room temperature.
		Prime Minister, before seeking more 'yellowcake' from Niger -- or anywhere else -- Saddam would have had to order his nuclear scientists and engineers to somehow acquire tens of thousands of gas centrifuges that could be linked up in series so the UF6 could cascade through them.
		All of the intelligence available to the US government on "yellowcake" or uranium-enrichment matters relating to these particular issues resides in the Department of Energy and in the national laboratories.
	www.wanniski.com /PrintPage.asp?TextID=2765 (1127 words)

	Yellowcake Rock Band Assaults Bush and Cheney
		Yellowcake wrote, arranged, and recorded the 10 song CD and accompanying artwork without record label assistance over a 9-month period.
		Yellowcake drew inspiration for their name from President Bushes' January 2003 State of the Union address (President Bush claimed intelligence reports indicated an Iraqi effort to procure yellowcake uranium from Niger Africa.
		Yellowcake CD Cover Art looks like a 3-dimensional cartoon featuring a plastic George Bush doll outfitted in naval aviator flight suit giving a mighty thumbs up in front of a crashed Apache helicopter in the desert.
	www.emediawire.com /releases/2004/6/emw136542.htm (1706 words)

	Depleted Uranium: Australia's role
		Yellowcake in the USA is converted to UF gas and then enriched by the US Enrichment Corporation at gaseous diffusion plants located near Paducah, Kentucky and Portsmouth, Ohio.
		Depleted Uranium cannot be used as fuel in a nuclear reactor or a bomb unless it undergoes enrichment.Current being used in tank shells and bullets, as an aircraft counterweight and as shielding.
		For example the radioactive Thorium present in DU is 97% as radioactive as that in Yellowcake.
	www.geocities.com /pwdyson/du1.html (1355 words)

	Attachment 1 of S/1997/779
		Verification measures involved weighing, non-destructive assay and sampling and analysis from which it was concluded that all of the yellowcake received from Portugal was fully accounted for and remained intact, as shipped, except for the loss of about 40 kg from a drum damaged during Iraq's salvaging/concealment activities in 1991.
		The plant, which was constructed by Iraq in the period July 1985 to July 1989, was based on the well-proven technology involving the dissolution of the input yellowcake in nitric acid followed by multi-stage solvent extraction, ammonium diursnate precipitation, its filtration and calcination to uranium trioxide, from which the UO2 was produced through hydrogen reduction.
		It was necessary to prepare the plant to process either Niger or Portuguese yellowcake and, during December and early January 1991, there was sporadic operation to clean up waste and scrap and to prepare the process for a new feed material of different chemical form.
	www.iraqwatch.org /un/IAEA/s-1997-779-att-1.htm (6718 words)

	Yellowcake Forgery Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Days before the invasion, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) told the U.N. Security Council that the documents were "in fact not authentic." A FBI investigation into the provenance of these documents is ongoing, though critics suspect that a U.S. government agency—ostensibly the White House Iraq Group —may itself have produced them.
		Retired ambassador Joseph C. Wilson wrote a critical op-ed in The New York Times in which he explained the nature of the documents, and the governments prior knowledge of their unreliability for use in a case for war.
		In particular, CIA director George Tenet and Secretary of State Colin Powell both cited an attempted yellowcake purchase from Niger in September testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
	www.variedtastes.com /encyclopedia/Yellowcake_forgery (1952 words)

	Political Animal: Comment on Yellowcake Update (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The one little caveat to note when discussing the importation of yellowcake from Niger is that Iraq already had yellowcake on hand from the 1980’s.
		yellowcake is such a low grade of fissionable material that it must be enriched.
		to summarize, that the usofamerikan press, the brit press, or any other press, ever supported the illusion that saddam's iraq could produce nuclear weapons from yellowcake is proof positive that the members of the press have either all been lobotomized or all have been employees of their respective governments.
	www.washingtonmonthly.com /mt/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=4224 (6191 words)

	Encyclopedia: Yellowcake
		A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate (as opposed to a nuclear explosion, where the chain reaction occurs in a split second).
		Plame affair Jump to: navigation, search The term yellowcake forgery refers to falsified documents which appeared to depict an attempt by Iraqs Saddam Hussein regime to purchase yellowcake uranium from the country of Niger, in defiance of United Nations sanctions.
		Click for other authoritative sources for this topic (summarised at Factbites.com).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Yellowcake (567 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Nuke 'yellowcake' from Iraq found? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A shipment of scrap steel believed to be from Iraq contains radioactive material known as yellowcake, according to a recycling company in the Netherlands.
		The shipment was passed on from a Jordanian metal dealer who claims he was unaware it included uranium oxide, the Associated Press reported.
		The material, which can be used to make nuclear weapons, was at the center of a controversy last year over President Bush's reference in his State of the Union address to a report Iraq was seeking to purchase it in Africa.
	www.wnd.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=36632 (310 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: The UN, Al-Tuwaitha, and Nukes by Douglas Hanson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The material at Tuwaitha is also characterized as being “under IAEA seal and control.” The article states that only two tons of yellowcake remained at Al-Tuwaitha after Gulf War I. This is simply incorrect, according to my own sources. Either the AP, the IAEA, or both, are misrepresenting the facts.
		And why didn’t the UN ship the yellowcake and the low-enriched uranium out of the country 12 years ago? Wouldn’t the UN be interested in denying Saddam the nuclear raw materials, in case he decided to conduct enrichment by calutron at facilities such as Tarmiya and al-Fajar?
		It appears the IAEA is not really interested in non-proliferation at all; otherwise this material would have long ago been safeguarded in another country. Thankfully, this overdue evacuation of a dangerous stockpile has finally been started by the DOE, even if much more remains to be done.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=14295 (546 words)

	Power Line: Yellowcake Update
		His admission to investigating magistrates in Rome on Friday apparently confirms suggestions that - by commissioning "Giacomo" to procure and circulate documents - France was responsible for some of the information later used by Britain and the United States to promote the case for war with Iraq.
		It isn't obvious that this is the correct interpretation; for now, suffice it to say that we haven't heard the last of this story, and whatever lies behind it is sure to be interesting.
		In the meantime, as we have argued on a number of occasions, it is almost certainly true that Iraq was trying to buy uranium from Niger, and the administration was foolish to back off that statement in the President's State of the Union speech.
	powerlineblog.com /archives/007896.php (364 words)

	Yellowcake found in Rotterdam harbor may have originated in Iraq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A recycling company found uranium oxide -- a radioactive material also known as yellowcake -- in a shipment of scrap steel it believes originally came from Iraq, the company said Thursday.
		However, he said there was no obvious non-nuclear industrial use for yellowcake and it would be strange to find it in random scrap metal.
		Jordan does not have any known nuclear power plants or weapons and is a signatory to the nuclear test ban treaty.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/news/archive/2004/01/15/international1719EST0714.DTL (630 words)

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