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	Yiddish language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although millions of Yiddish speakers survived the war (including nearly all Yiddish speakers in the Americas), further assimilation in countries such as the United States and the status of Modern Hebrew as the official language of Israel led to a decline in the use of Eastern Yiddish similar to the earlier decline in Western Yiddish.
		Yiddish was then regarded as the language of "Jewish proletariat"; at the same time, Hebrew was considered a "bourgeois" language and its use was generally discouraged.
		In the native Germanic vocabulary of Yiddish, the differences between standard German and Yiddish pronunciations are mainly in the vowels and diphthongs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yiddish (3903 words)

	AllRefer.com - Yiddish language (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		Yiddish language[yid´ish] Pronunciation Key, a member of the West Germanic group of the Germanic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Germanic languages; German language).
		Yiddish was almost universal among the Jews of Eastern Europe.
		Among the best-known writers in Yiddish literature are Sholem Aleichem, I. Peretz, Isaac Meier Dik, and Isaac Bashevis Singer, the first writer in the language to be awarded (1978) the Nobel Prize in Literature.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/Y/Yiddishl.html (538 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Yiddish language [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Due to the growth of the Haskalah movement, the late 19th century and early 20th century are widely considered the Golden Age of secular Yiddish literature; this period also coincides with the revival of Hebrew as a spoken language, and the revival of Hebrew literature.
		Yiddish emerged as the national language of a large Jewish community in Eastern Europe that rejected Zionism and sought to obtain Jewish cultural autonomy in Europe.
		In mid-century, however, the Holocaust led to a dramatic, sudden decline in the use of Yiddish, as the extensive Jewish communities, both secular and religious, that used Yiddish in their day-to-day life were largely destroyed.
	encyclozine.com /Yiddish (1901 words)

	Yiddish Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Yiddish literature may be divided into three periods: the period of preparation, the classical age, and the postclassical period.
		The brief classical age of Yiddish literature, from the late 19th to the early 20th century, is epitomized in three great writers of fiction: Shalom Jacob Abramowitz, better known as Mendele Mokher Sefarim (Mendele the Itinerant Bookseller); Shalom Aleichem; and Isaac Leib Peretz.
		Yiddish drama began to achieve artistic distinction only toward the end of the 19th century, largely through the work of the playwrights Jacob Gordin; Shloime Anski, author of the well-known Between Two Worlds, or The Dybbuk (1916; trans.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/Yiddish/English/literature.html (1455 words)

	NYPL, Dorot Jewish Division, Yiddish Theater
		It was in New York that Yiddish theater blossomed, reaching the height of its appeal and influence during the last decade of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th, when Jewish immigration was at its peak.
		With immigration drastically curtailed and assimilation all the rage, New York Yiddish theater between the wars lacked the authenticity of its glory days before World War I. From the vulgarity of the commercial nostalgia-peddlers to the high-minded kitsch of the modernists, it was at best a silver age.
		Yiddish theaters had existed there since the beginning of the 20th century, but, controlled by mobsters and patronized by the city's rollicking Jewish underworld, they had taken on something of the character of the burlesque house, and, accordingly, they were given a wide berth by members of the respectable Jewish community.
	www.nypl.org /research/chss/jws/yiddishintro.html (485 words)

	Yoz Grahame's Cheerleader: Perl is Internet Yiddish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Yiddish is disappearing fast, and even though I can't speak it, I love it.
		Yiddish is the caring, authoritative inscrutability of your elders.
		Ultimately, Yiddish and Perl share the potentially detractive qualities of complexity and inconsistency, but turn them in their favour due to the huge amount of character they provide.
	cheerleader.yoz.com /archives/000019.html (1119 words)

	Yiddish at Berkeley: Yiddish Studies at the University of California (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Yiddish is the millennium-old language of the Jews of central and eastern Europe, a region known to its Jewish inhabitants as Ashkenaz.
		For a thousand years this language was the vehicle of Jewish culture and communal life; in modern times it spread to all inhabited continents, and it remains the mother tongue of contemporary traditionalist groups throughout the world.
		Students interested in Yiddish at Cal can pursue their interests in the departments of German, Comparative Literature, History, or through the program in Jewish Studies.
	yiddish.berkeley.edu (110 words)

	What is Yiddish? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Yiddish language, member of the West Germanic group of the Germanic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages.
		Although it is not a national language, Yiddish is spoken by about 4 million Jews all over the world, especially in Argentina, Canada, France, Israel, Mexico, Romania, and the U.S. Before the annihilation of 6 million Jews by the Nazis, Yiddish was the tongue of more than 11 million people.
		Yiddish, although it is not a national language, is spoken by Jews all over the world.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/Yiddish/English/yiddish.html (155 words)

	Jewish Language Research Website: Yiddish
		Yiddish has sometimes been described as a dialect of German, probably because in many cases the Yiddish and German versions of a word are similar, if not almost identical, and because the two languages have a common ancestor in Middle High German.
		The usual Yiddish sentence follows the Germanic 'verb-second' rule, viz., the inflected verb (or auxiliary) is the second constituent in the sentence, although the inflected verb or auxiliary appears first in certain constructions, such as yes/no questions and consequent clauses.
		Yiddish books are also published or distributed by the Jewish Book Center of the Workmen's Circle and YIVO Institute for Jewish Research.
	www.jewish-languages.org /yiddish.html (3590 words)

	Yiddish language on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bibliography: See M. Herzog et al., ed., The Field of Yiddish: Studies in Language, Folklore, and Literature (1969); M. Weinreich, History of the Yiddish Language (1980); D. Katz, Grammar of the Yiddish Language (1987); D. Roskies, A Bridge of Longing: The Lost Art of Yiddish Storytelling (1995).
		Yiddish is rising as a subject of academic inquiry as well as personal interest.
		Abram Koifman reads from a Yiddish newspaper June 11, 2002, at a meeting of a club that promotes the variation Hebrew in Englewood, New Jersey.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/y/yiddishl.asp (771 words)

	NPR : Yiddish Radio Project, A Special Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Listen in as this Yiddish radio hero chews the fat with housewives and shopkeepers on the corner of Clarkson Avenue.
		Every Tuesday, "Gems from the Yiddish Radio Archive" features another classic recording from the Yiddish radio vaults -- presented it in its entirety, with simultaneous English text translations.
		Yiddish Words -- An audible glossary of familiar terms.
	www.npr.org /programs/atc/features/2002/yiddish/index.html (686 words)

	Yugntruf - Yugnt far Yidish
		Although all activities are conducted in Yiddish, Yugntruf is as much for the learner of Yiddish as it is for the fluent Yiddish-speaker.
		We are committed to ensuring the survival of Yiddish as a living language and culture.
		T-shirts with inscription "yidish" (in Yiddish) in adult sizes, in various colors; T-shirts with inscription "yingele" and "meydele" (in Yiddish) in children's sizes, in various colors.
	www.yugntruf.org (382 words)

	World Wide Web Virtual Library - Yiddish sources in historical research - Welcome
		The aim of this website is to provide those who wish to do historical research involving the use of Yiddish source material with information on archives, institutions, journals, etcetera.
		An interesting and thought-provoking article of interest to historians, The perils of idealizing Yiddish by Ewa Geller, has been published in a new book entitled Yiddish after the Holocaust.
		It touches upon many issues, including the use of Yiddish sources in historical research.
	www.iue.it /Personal/Researchers/Zaagsma/Yiddish (353 words)

	Avivale's Yiddish Page
		Mostly divested of it's socialist roots, the Workmen's Circle/Arbeter Ring is another Yiddish cultural organization in cities across the United States and Canada.
		The Vilnius Yiddish Institute at Vilnius University in Lithuania "is the first Yiddish center of higher learning to be established in post-Holocaust Eastern Europe." Impressive.
		Raphael Finkel's yiddish page is home to a number of yiddish songs and texts, the new Yiddish Web journal, Der Bavebter Yid, and Di Yidishe Shraybmashinke - The Yiddish Typewriter which converts YIVO transcription into actual Yiddish characters.
	www.starkman.com /aviva/yiddish.html (1192 words)

	The Yiddish Voice דאָס ייִדישע קול (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		David/Dovid Braun is Preceptor in Yiddish at Harvard University.
		The Yiddish Voice had numerous personal ties to Leahke and her family, and we were fortunate to present her on the air through two interviews in the early 1990's.
		1995 Colloquy on Yiddish Culture, a Council of Europe document, captures a session by the Committee on Culture and Education of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, seeking to comprehend and deal with Yiddish language and culture in Europe in the early and mid- 90's.
	www.yv.org (8193 words)

	Yiddish Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The IISH has a unique and manifold collection of Yiddish material consisting of books, brochures, periodicals and pamphlets of the early Jewish socialist and anarchist movement in Eastern and Western Europe.
		The IISH acquired the Bund archive in 1935, most of the other Yiddish material comes from the collections of Max Nettlau, Pierre Ramus and Rudolph Rocker.
		Though the Bund archive was the first acquisition of the IISH after its foundation in 1935 this collection, as well as the the other Yiddish material had to wait for the expertise and dedication of prof.
	www.iisg.nl /collections/yiddish/index.html (204 words)

	The Yiddish Music Hall:Save The Yiddish Music
		The Yiddish Music Hall wouldn't be complete without honoring those who have contributed to enrich Yiddish Music and Culture.
		The Yiddish Music Hall is designed to serve and support all Yiddish Music enthusiasts, students and performers.
		At Save the Music's Yiddish Music Hall, we are trying to bring old and new generations together, to share and enjoy the same music and traditions.
	www.savethemusic.com /yiddish (589 words)

	Vilnius Yiddish Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Institute is dedicated to preserving the centuries-old heritage of Yiddish language and culture through teaching and scholarly research of the highest quality.
		Further, through intensive instruction by an outstanding international faculty the Institute aims to foster genuine literacy in Yiddish among new generations of students from Europe, the Americas, and beyond, and to train young new teachers and scholars in the field.
		Its first major research project is a series of expeditions to seek out and videotape the last native speakers of Yiddish, Holocaust survivors in their 80’s and 90’s, who still live in their hometowns in Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine.
	www.yiddishvilnius.com (295 words)

	UYIP: Understanding Yiddish Information Processing
		A Users' Guide to Yiddish on the Internet is the web page most users should immediately visit to get a well-written guide to Yiddish Internet and general-purpose software, more from the perspective of the average user than UYIP.
		UYIP with Unicode, where Unicode Yiddish documents are catalogued, and where information about Unicode, especially as it relates to Yiddish, is available.
		Yiddish Unicode HTML files should be viewable with any web browser that supports all of the Hebrew characters of Unicode version 1.1 or later.
	www.uyip.org (3221 words)

	Benny's Postcards
		Benny Swartzberg was born in the shtetl of Panimunok, Kovno Guberniya (province), Russia.
		When translated from the Yiddish, it turned out that it from a friend who was at "Maisel’s", scouting pictures and cards that Benny’s friend thought would interest my grandfather.
		This list is broken down as follows: Yiddish and Hebrew/ Zionist writers and artists; Russian, European and American writers and philosophers; artists and musicians; composers and anarchists, socialist and revolutionists.
	members.screenz.com /bennypostcards (1218 words)

	NYU Libraries \| Tamiment Library & Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives -- Guide to YiddishSpeaking Labor and Radical ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Related to this is the fact that many organizations and publications began using transliterations of their names in addition to their Yiddish names rather early on.
		As well, inconsistent transliteration stems from the nonstandard Yiddish used by the authors themselves.
		Yiddish Left & Labor Movements In The U.S. Workmen's Circle (Arbeter Ring)
	www.nyu.edu /library/bobst/research/tam/yiddish/Index/index.html (242 words)

	Yiddish Radio Project
		All that survives from the "golden age" of Yiddish radio in the 1930s to '50s are a thousand fragile discs, rescued from storerooms, attics, and even dumpsters.
		The Yiddish Radio Project is a celebration of these recordings and of the forgotten geniuses and dreamers who created them.
		Lillian Lux, doyenne of the American Yiddish stage, wife of "Golden Age" Yiddish theater comic Peisachke Burstein and one of the "Beloveds" of the Yiddish Radio Project, has passed away.
	www.yiddishradioproject.org (176 words)

	Yiddish Typewriter
		Unless you select other input and output forms, you are expected to type in YIVO transcription form and you get back a spelling check of your text.
		This rule also holds for numbers with embedded punctuation, all of which is treated as a region of left-to-right text within the normal right-to-left rendition of Yiddish (such as 5-17-1997).
		There are online references for Unicode, also known as ISO 10646, Yiddish in Unicode, UTF-8, UTF-7 (which we don't use), MS Windows Hebrew, and Mac Hebrew.
	www.cs.uky.edu /~raphael/yiddish/makeyiddish.html (655 words)

	Yiddish Programs
		Yiddish music history will be presented by Professor Martin Schwartz, while Henry Sapoznik will offer a unique look into the story of Yiddish radio.
		The Yiddish Summit will be divided into two parts: a scholarly part, in the form of an international colloquium, and a cultural part composed of film shows, exhibitions and various theatrical, musical and song performances given by artists from several countries.
		The Center for Yiddish Culture presents the leading Klezmer band in the country, the Klezmer Conservatory Band, from the New England School of Music in conjunction with Festival Miami on Thursday night, October 16th at Gusman Concert Hall.
	www.cs.uky.edu /~raphael/yiddish/programs.html (4220 words)

	Welcome to Living Traditions
		Through events like “KlezKamp: The Yiddish Folk Arts Program” (now in its 20th consecutive year) and programs such as our Peabody award winning NPR series the Yiddish Radio Project.
		Living Traditions is in the forefront of preserving and presenting community based Yiddish culture to new and enthusiastic generations.
		Yiddish culture has never been more at your fingertips.
	www.livingtraditions.org (157 words)

	Yiddish Program at UPenn
		Yiddish Literature in Translation Courses are W.A.T.U. and can fulfill your Writing Requirement.
		This course will survey modern Yiddish literature through readings of Yiddish prose and poetry from the end of the nineteenth century through the 1980s.
		Alongside this Hollywood tradition of Jewish film, Yiddish film blossomed from independent productions between 1911 and 1939 and interpreted literary masterpieces, from Shakespeare's King Lear to Scholem Aleichem's "Tevye the Dairyman," primarily for an immigrant and urban Jewish audience.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /german/yiddish (231 words)

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