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Topic: Yiddish dialects

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Linguistics 201: The Dialects of American English       The Ashkenazi Jews in Central Europe spoke a dialect of German called Yiddish.  The Sephardic Jews of Spain spoke Ladino, a medieval dialect of Spanish.  Yiddish especially has influenced New York speech and also contributed words than Americans of all dialects may use and know: Because of the long history of dialect creation in the English speaking areas of Great Britain, there are more dialects of English in Britain than in America, Canada, and Australia combined.       The upper class southern dialects and the dialects of the coastal southern areas (where few native Americans remained) were influenced by the English spoken by West Africans. pandora.cii.wwu.edu /vajda/ling201/test3materials/AmericanDialects.htm

Yiddish language and dialects by ALS International In the case of Yiddish, the immigrant community’s principal shared linguistic heritage – Hebrew-Aramaic – was preserved alongside the adopted dialect, whereas in the case of Créole a fundamental diversity of linguistic heritage (multiple, mutually unintelligible African tribal languages) led to the complete displacement of the home tongues by the immigrant dialect. Yiddish is a written and well as a spoken language. It is a language, or dialect, that originally arose among a community of immigrants out of the necessity of communicating with a dominant host population but which over time became the principal or even the sole means of communication within the immigrant community itself. www.alsintl.com /languages/yiddish.htm   (434 words)

The Language Yiddish (meaning "Jewish") arose between the 9th and 12th centuries in southwestern Germany as an adaptation of Middle High German dialects to the special needs of Jews. Yiddish is a highly plastic and assimilative language, rich in idioms, and possessing remarkable freshness, pithiness, and pungency. Yiddish Language, chief vernacular of Ashkenazic Jews, who are native to, or who have antecedents in, eastern and central Europe. www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/Yiddish/English/language.html   (657 words)

Yiddish alphabet, pronunciation and language During subsequent centuries, Judeo-German gradually developed into a distinct language, Yiddish, with two main dialects: Western Yiddish, which was widely spoken in Central Europe until the 18th century, and Eastern Yiddish, which was spoken throughout Eastern Europe and Russia/USSR until World War II. Yiddish is a Germanic language with about three million speakers, mainly Ashkenazic Jews, in the USA, Israel, Russia, Ukraine and many other countries. As a result of the Holocaust, Jewish communities throughout Europe were destroyed and the use of Yiddish as an every-day language went into sudden decline. www.omniglot.com /writing/yiddish.htm   (324 words)

languages.html Among the 82 dialects spoken, Ilocano is predominant. Yiddish is spoken by 5 percent of the population. Because of the thousands of tribal languages and dialects that are spoken in the world, only those whose speakers number over 250,000 and/or those that were reported by New York State school districts have been included in this directory www.emsc.nysed.gov /ciai/biling/pub/languages.html   (1206 words)

Verbix -- Germanic. Conjugate verbs in 50+ languages West Germanic: Anglo-Frisian group - the English language and the Frisian language; Netherlandic-German group - Netherlandic, or Dutch-Flemish and the Low German dialects, Afrikaans, the German language or High German, and the Yiddish language. North Germanic or Scandinavian: western group - the Icelandic language, the Norwegian language, and Faroese; eastern group - the Danish language and the Swedish language. For example, on the basis of Old English cyning, Old Saxon and Old High German kuning 'king,' the Proto-Germanic *kuningaz can be reconstructed; this would seem to be confirmed by Finnish kuningas 'king,' which must have been borrowed from Germanic at a very early date. www.verbix.com /languages/germanic.asp   (837 words)

3 languages at once West Germanic is represented by the present-day languages of German, Yiddish, Dutch, Flemish, Afrikaans, Frisian and English. Norwegians speak their local or regional dialects, but must select either bokmandaring;l or nynorsk to write in. While Norwegian started out as a West Scandinavian language, several historic (and contemporary social factors) give it many East Scandinavian traits, so the classification is at best problematic. www.tc.umn.edu /~janus005/3languages.html   (2431 words)

The Jewish-Languages List . Archives This list of languages written in Hebrew is not yet complete: it does not include several central Iranian Jewish dialects (Kashani, Isfahani, Yazdi, and Kermani), Maltese in Hebrew, Genizah Latin in Hebrew, or Portuguese in Hebrew. The conference is organized around main topics such as: language and identity; language, culture and society; multilingualism and multiculturalism; Jewish and non-Jewish languages; language and globalization; language and education; language and immigration; language and stratification; language and ideology; language and communication; language and gender; language and the life-cycle; language policy. All the poets saw ity and praised it; to this day it is a marvel to both Christian and Jewish sages.' The valuable Historical Notes by Howard E. Adelman and Benjamin C. Ravid observe, p. www.petrarch.freeservers.com /jewishlanglist.html   (2431 words)

List of English words of Tamil origin: Encyclopedia topic See also: Indian English (Indian English: indian english is a catch-all phrase for the dialects or varieties of english spoken widely... This is a list of English (English: An Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the Commonwealth countries) words of Tamil (Tamil: The Dravidian language spoken since prehistoric times by the Tamil people in southern India and Sri Lanka) origin: The updated page can be found at: list of english words of tamil origin www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/list_of_english_words_of_tamil_origin   (296 words)

Judaic Studies, Drexel University, Note This! Language planning for Yiddish was indeed coloured by many languages and dialects as well as by their numerous contrastive roles in Jewish society. Language planning for Yiddish made tremendous gains with the establishment of Yiddish-language-based academic research institutions in the 1920s in Minsk, in the Belorussian SSR and Kiev, in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union as well as in Vilna in Poland. Yiddish was the language of conversation in the family and community, as well as the language in which the sacred texts were studied, while Hebrew was the language of prayer and the language in which the Bible was read. www.drexel.edu /judaicstudies/jstpeltz1.html   (8429 words)

Jewish Language Research Website: Researchers Kahan Newman, Zelda (United States; "Jewish" sound of Ashkenazic speech, Yiddish grammar, interface of Yiddish grammar and Hebrew grammar, Yiddish literature, Hebrew literature, interface of Yiddish literature and Hebrew literature, traditional Ashkenaz and women's literature, Ashkenazic culture, philosophy of language) Tirosh-Becker, Ofra (Israel; North African Neo Judeo-Arabic (dialects, Bible translations), Medieval Judeo-Arabic, Judeo-Arabic translations of Rabbinic literature (medieval, modern), Rabbinic Hebrew embedded in Karaite writings (written in Hebrew or in Judeo-Arabic)) Sabih, Joshua (Denmark / Morocco; Judeo-Arabic, Judeo-Maghrebi dialects and literature, Judeo-Persian, Qaraism, Samaritan Arabic, sociolinguistcis, religious studies, cultural theory, modern religious sects in the Arab world) www.jewish-languages.org /researchers.html   (8429 words)

Faculty of Medieval and Modern Languages - Oxford University Candidates will be expected to show knowledge of the methods and findings of Yiddish linguistic research with respect to any three of the following five topics: (i) origins and history of Yiddish; (ii) interrelationships with German dialects and standard German; (iii) the Semitic component in Yiddish; (iv) Yiddish dialectology; (v) Yiddish sociolinguistics. Candidates will be expected to show knowledge of modern Israel's literary history and the development of its literature in the light of twentieth-century Western European influences. Candidates will be expected to have read stories by S.Y. Agnon, Aharon Meged, and Aharon Appelfeld; a selection of poetry by Nathan Zach, Yehuda Amichai, Dan Pagis, and Meir Wieseltier; and two plays by Yehoshua Sobol. www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk /yiddish/current.html   (537 words)

Geographic Regions of European GNDBs The following listing defines the Yiddish dialects which were used in each European country and presents the boundaries dividing up the country's dialect districts. Belarus had a single uniform Litvish Yiddish dialect distribution. Lithuania had a single uniform Litvish Yiddish dialect distribution. www.jewishgen.org /databases/GivenNames/geografc.htm   (537 words)

vol05.054 In support of this, he adduces evidence of this in the consistent anomalous realization of a given number of words of Aramaic (Hebrew?) origin througout the Yiddish dialects which, he claims, can be accounted for only through oral transmission. His hypothesis is based, at least in part, on the assumption (assertion?) that Yiddish does not have a Hebrew component; that Hebrew elements in Yiddish are part of the Hebrew component of Aramaic, and that the Semitic component of Yiddish is Aramaic (with _its_ Hebrew component), _not_ Hebrew. Katz adduces linguistic evidence for his claims i) that Yiddish was born in the mouths, not of a Judeo-Romance-speaking community, but of an Judeo-Aramaic-speaking community in medieval Europe, ii) not in the Rhineland but more or less in the area of Regensburg. shakti.trincoll.edu /~mendele/vol05/vol05.054   (537 words)

Dia-pozytyw: DICTIONARY The Eastern European Yiddish dialect has various sub-dialects, including wolynski (from Volhynia, Wolyn), used among Galician Jews and those in Ukraine and Moldova; the Lithuanian dialect of Yiddish, used in Lithuania, Belarus and the Bialystok region; and the central or Polish dialect, used throughout the former Congress Kingdom. By the sixteenth century, Yiddish had become a fully-formed, completely independent language, with two dialects: the western dialect, used by German and Dutch Jews, which disappeared in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; and the eastern dialect, used in Eastern Europe and influenced by the Slavic languages. On the Iberian Peninsula, the Ladino dialect took shape (Judeo-Spanish), as did Judeo-Portuguese, with a strong lexical influence from Hebrew and Aramaic. www.diapozytyw.pl /en/site/slownik_terminow/jezyki_zydowskie   (537 words)

vol5.216 ok, what i'm interested in is in those dialects of yiddish where a further change occurred -- the replacement of 'geven' by 'gehat' in the pluperfect, in those dialects that usually distinguish 'hobn' verbs from 'zayn' verbs. what is clearer, however, is that there is no reason to suspect slavic influence in the yiddish pluperfect where (or when) 'gehat' alternates with 'geven', depending on the verb. what i was interested in was the yiddish pluperfect with invariant 'gehat', even when the main verb takes 'zayn'. www.ibiblio.org /pub/academic/languages/yiddish/mendele/vol5.216   (537 words)

Learn more about German language in the online encyclopedia. The High German dialects spoken by Ashkenazi Jews have several unique features, and are usually considered the separate language Yiddish. The Low German dialects, or Low Saxon as they are sometimes known more precisely, are more closely related to Lower Franconian languages like Dutch than to the High German dialects, and from a linguist's perspective are not part of the German language proper. There are also distinctive dialects of German which are or were primarily spoken in North America, including Pennsylvania German, Texas German, and Hutterite German. www.onlineencyclopedia.org /g/ge/german_language.html   (537 words)

Ethnologue report for Germany Dialects: German with a heavy cryptolectal lexical influsion from Rotwelsch, Yiddish, Romani, and Hebrew. Dialects: Not intelligible with Western Frisian of the Netherlands or Northern Frisian (E. Matteson SIL 1978) or Saterfriesisch (Wolbert Smidt 2001). Dialects: Mooringer (Mooringa, Mainland Frisian), Ferring (Fohr-Amrum), Sölreng (Sylt), Helgoland. www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Germany   (537 words)

vol02.127 Concerning the segol: In Yiddish, "tsere" is "tseyre/tsayre--even tsayray", a diphthong in "all" Eastern Yiddish dialects. In "A yiddisher mey/aylekh", and similar words, the segol has merged with "tseyre/tsayre" and is thus a diphthong. If the NOW stressed vowels, which are in open syllable, had born the original stress, we would have expected either emes/*eymes or *eymes/*aymes, etc. THE article on the subject was written by Dovid Katz "The Wavering Yiddish Segolate" in the International Journal of the Sociology of Language 24: 5-27. shakti.trincoll.edu /~mendele/vol02/vol02.127   (537 words)

Lithuanian Jews - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The four main Yiddish dialects in Europe were: German (or Western), Polish/Galician (or Central/Mid-Eastern), Litvish (or North-Eastern), and Ukrainian (or South-Eastern). Litvisher Yiddish was spoken by Jews in Lithuania, Latvia, and Belarus ( Russia), and in the northeastern Suwałki region of Poland. Lithuanian Jews, (In Yiddish known as Litvish or Litvaks) are Ashkenazi Jews who have their origins in historic Lithuania. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lithuanian_Jews   (537 words)

High German: Articles on High German (current) from Fablis Online Encyclopedia High German (and Yiddish) are distinguished from other Western Germanic dialects in that they took part in the second (High German) sound shifting of the 8th century and 9th century. The use of High German to refer only to the official German language is not linguistic use, and tends to lead to confusion when discussing the German language: many High German dialects are called Low German, a term properly used for a different (but related) language family. Note that divisions between subfamilies of Germanic are rarely precisely defined; most form continuous clines, with adjacent dialects being mutually intelligible and more separated ones not. encyclopedia.fablis.com /index.php/High_German   (537 words)

ipedia.com: German language Article The High German dialects spoken by Germanic communities in the former Soviet union and Ashkenazi Jews have several unique features, and are usually considered the separate language Yiddish. The Low German dialects, or Low Saxon as they are sometimes known more precisely, are more closely related to Lower Franconian languages like Dutch than to the High German dialects, and from a linguist's perspective are not part of the German language proper. There are also distinctive dialects of German which are or were primarily spoken in North America, including Pennsylvania German, Texas German, and Hutterite German. www.ipedia.com /german_language.html   (537 words)

tmr01.019 The relationship between Standard Ashkenazic Hebrew and its dialects is entirely analagous to that between Standard Yiddish and its dialects. Quotations from sacred texts -- as in the tags used by Dik in "Der yoyred" -- are in "whole Hebrew" or "whole Aramaic" (collectively known as _loshn-koydesh_) and are romanized according to the same rules that are applied in the case of Yiddish. The main phonetic difference between whole Hebrew and whole Aramaic and their merged varieties is that in the former post-tonic vowels are never reduced and all syllables are treated as if they were open. shakti.trincoll.edu /~mendele/tmr/tmr01.019   (537 words)

JBooks.com - Non-Fiction: We're Talking Jewish It would have been interesting to know his opinion as a linguist of whether they are, like Yiddish, complete languages or only partial dialects, and to have some evaluation or comparison of their accomplishments. Deeply imbued with Jewish experience and sensibility—Yiddish means Jewish, after all—the language encapsulates the meeting of a “language and people from the Near East with language and people in Europe.” That confrontation gave rise to a wholly new Jewish culture. Katz does not belabor the point, but for a contemporary reader, the subtext of his history will be American Jewish ignorance of any Jewish language, growing distance from Jewish culture and traditions, and separation from a coherent and integrated Jewish community, all of which Yiddish provided. jbooks.com /nonfiction/index/NF_Margolis_Katz.htm   (792 words)

Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Jewish languages At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Yiddish was the main language of Jews in Eastern Europe (thus making it the language spoken by the majority of Jews in the world), while Ladino was widespread in the Maghreb, Greece, and Turkey; smaller groups in Europe spoke such languages as Judæo-Italian, Yevanic, or Karaim. While not common, such practice has occurred intermittently over the last two thousand years, and probably was part of the basis of such languages as Ladino and Yiddish. This sociological factor contributed to the formation of dialects that often developed and diverged to form separate languages. www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Jewish_languages   (1237 words)

Judaic Studies, Drexel University, Note This! Language planning for Yiddish was indeed coloured by many languages and dialects as well as by their numerous contrastive roles in Jewish society. Most notably, even though adaptation of the Northeastern dialect as a standard of pronunciation for the kulturshprakh was widespread in the twentieth century, the pronunciation of the / ey / vowel in such words as breyt 'bread' and teyre 'Torah' was consciously rejected in such efforts, favouring the /oy/ vowel of the other Eastern dialects. Although there was dialect levelling because of intermarriage in the lands of immigration, certain stereotypes and symbols of prestige and derision continued to be associated with specific dialects (Gutmans 1957; Jochnowitz 1969; Peltz 1998: 162-170; Schaechter 1986: 285-295). www.drexel.edu /judaicstudies/jstpeltz1.html   (1237 words)

Launguages in Medieval Europe Exactly where the linguistic line is drawn between having different dialects or different languages is well beyond the scope of this meager listing. You may consider the Scandinavian languages presented to all be dialects of Norse. [The major dialects of Langue d'Oil are Normand (Norman French), Picard, and French. www.scooterville.org /ars/characters/languages.html   (1237 words)

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