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	Shang Dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Information about the Shang Dynasty comes from inscriptions on bronze artifacts and oracle bones--turtle shells, cattle scapula or other bones on which were written the first significant corpus of recorded Chinese characters.
		This bronze ritual wine vessel, dating from the Shang Dynasty in the 13th century BC, is housed at the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution.
		Shang Zhou, the last Yin king, committed suicide after his army was defeated by the Zhou people.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shang_Dynasty (1044 words)

	Shang Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Information about the Shang dynasty comes from bronze artifacts and oracle bones, which are turtle shells on which were written the first recorded Chinese characters, found in the Huang He valley.
		The Shang dynasty is believed to have been founded by a rebel leader who overthrew the last Xia ruler.
		Shang Zhou, the last king, committed suicide after his army was defeated by the Zhou people.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/s/sh/shang_dynasty.html (484 words)

	The Shang Dynasty
		The Shang was a hierarchical society with all the administrative, military, economic, and religious power vested in the king.
		The Shang period was characterized by internal division and power struggles that resulted in constant relocations of its capital.
		Yin remained the capital of the Shang for the next 273 years, and for this reason the dynasty is also known as Yin-Shang.
	www.heritageeast.com /history/shangtxt.htm (531 words)

	Xia, Shang, Yin, Zhou, Qin,
		In the Chinese historical tradition, the rulers of the Zhou displaced the Yin and legitimized their rule by invoking the Mandate of Heaven, the notion that the ruler (the "son of heaven") governed by divine right but that his dethronement would prove that he had lost the mandate.
		Sharing the language and culture of the Shang (Yin), the early Zhou rulers, through conquest and colonization, gradually sinicized, that is, extended Shang (Yin) culture through much of China Proper north of the Yangtze River.
		The capital was moved eastward in 722 BC to Luoyang in present-day Henan Province.
	www.crystalinks.com /chinadynasties.html (1203 words)

	Yin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The Yin left written historic records containing information on the politics, economy, culture, religion, geography, astronomy, calendar, art and medicine of the period, and as such provides critical insight toward the early stages of the Chinese civilization.
		The Yin dynasty was conquered by the Zhou Dynasty in 1046 BC.
		Both Korean and Chinese legends state that a disgruntled Yin prince named 箕子 Qizi (Korean: Kija), who refused to cede power to the Zhou, left China with his garrison and founded 朝鲜 (chaoxian; Choson) near modern day Pyongyang to what would become the Korean state.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Yin (379 words)

	Chinese History - Shang Dynasty å• event history (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		The Shang kingdom was thus not a sovereign dynasty that dominated a large part of ancient China but rather one state among hundreds of small city states (wanguo è¬å) with a count (bo ä¼¯) as their leader - although apparently the strongest one for a long time.
		Before this event, the Shang chieftains are said to have changed their capital eight times, after the foundation of the dynasty the kings five times changed their residence.
		Scholars suppose that the Shang people either was an old nomadic people that once settled down but retained the custom of temporarily changing residence, or that the Shang people was forced to move their community forced by inundations or droughts.
	www.chinaknowledge.org /History/Myth/shang-event.html (3496 words)

	Dynasties of China: Shang Dynasty
		Shang used to be an old tribe lived in the lower reach of the Yellow River.
		The chief of the Shang tribe, Tang, led an insurgent army and overthrew the Xia Dynasty (The 21st to the 17th century BC).
		The new capital contributed a lot to the stable government of the Shang Dynasty afterwards.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/shang/index.htm (938 words)

	[No title]
		It is a compilation whose sections were written between the late Chou Dynasty and the 3rd century A.D. and it was regarded as the record of the government and institutions of the Sage Kings, which was to be used as model for all occupants of the 'dragon throne'.
		Late in the Shang Dynasty, the capital was moved to Anyang which is northeast of the modern city of that name.
		Although the Shang aristocracy wrote with a pictographic script whose characters are the precursors of those in modern Chinese, the only surviving examples of their writing are the divinations inscribed on the oracle bones.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/china/china_myth_phil.html (6089 words)

	Yin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Yin Dynasty, also known as Shang Dynasty, the first historic Chinese nation and dynasty
		Yin (city), the last capital of that dynasty
		Yin, one of two opposing forces in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yin (79 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith
		The Shang replaced the Hsia (Zia) in c 1500 BC and was overthrown by the Chou in 1027 BC.
		The Shang dynasty belongs technically to the advanced Bronze Age -- with that metal used for tools (socketed axes, knives, etc.), weapons (halberds, spears, and arrowheads) and for the highly ornamented and artistic ritual vessels.
		The Shang was the second of the Chinese dynasties in the Protohistoric Sandai period.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=Shang (560 words)

	Yin - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Yin Dynasty, another name for the first historic Chinese nation and dynasty, the Shang.
		Yin (city), the capital of the latter half of the Yin (Shang) Dynasty.
		Yin is one of two opposing forces in Chinese philosophy; see yin and yang
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Yin (101 words)

	Yin & Yang and the I Ching
		Yin originally meant "shady, secret, dark, mysterious, cold." It thus could mean the shaded, north side of a mountain or the shaded, south bank of a river.
		By the Han Dynasty, it was up to 82% (or 7697), the Sung up to 93% (21,810), and in the Ch'ing radical and phonetic characters were 97% (or 47,141) of the total.
		The Míng capitals of China were Nánjing (Nanking) and then Beijing (Peking), which simply mean, respectively, "Southern Capital" and "Northern Capital." The capital of Japan from 794 to 1868 was Kyôto, which meant "Capital District." Then the capital was moved to Edo, which was renamed the "Eastern Capital." In Chinese that would be Dongjing.
	www.friesian.com /yinyang.htm (5316 words)

	China History Forum, chinese history forum > Shang dynasty
		The Shang from 1300-1046 B.C. is known as the Shang (Anaphase) or Yin dynasty.
		Yin is generally taken to be the archeaological site at Xiaotun on because of its age and scale although I must stress that the city was never referred to as Yin in the oracle records.
		Yin was never in the oracle bone records so far found, a bit of strange if it was the name of the people as even Zhou 周, the people that eventually overthrew them were there.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t746.html (4667 words)

	Zhou Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China -- Research Into Origins Of Huns, Uygurs, ...
		The Shang capital areas were divided into three parts, Bei (Tangying, Henan or north of Jixian county per Chu Bosi) to the north, Yong to the west, and Wey to the east.
		One of the sons of King Shaokang of Xia Dynasty was permanently assigned to the Kuaiji land to guard the tomb, and the later Yue Principality was said to have descended from this lineage.
		(Guzhu was formerly Zhu-guo Statelet, a vassal of ex-Shang dynasty.)
	www.uglychinese.org /zhou.htm (13805 words)

	Neolithic
		Thought to be directly ancestral to succeeding capital Erligang, also with fortifications and palace, the outlines of which 4000 years ago contained the seed of the modern Forbidden City: polar arrangement, with central palace and ancestral temple of the ruling lineage, surrounded by colonnades and supported on hangtu platforms.
		Shang handles were about a meter long,indicating use as a battle axe, later it was about 1.5 m long indicating use as a pike/halberd,later examples have a spear blade as well.
		The royal dynasties are traditionally dated 2000-1600 BC (Xia), 1600-1050 BC (Shang), and 1050-221 BC (Zhou) or to the Yellow River Bronze Age civilization thenceforth cited as the origin of civilization.
	www.deltaarchaeology.us /neolithic.htm (5909 words)

	phorum - Chinese Culture Forum at Asiawind - The Shang Dynasty
		In 1401BC, Pan Geng (盤庚) became the seventeenth ruler of the Shang Dynasty.
		Shang King Wu Ding eventually found a capable replacement amongst the slaves; Shang King Wu Ding wanted to appoint him as the Prime Minister to replace Gan Pan, but he was afraid that his subjects especially the aristocrats might not agree.
		By modern standards, the people during the Shang Dynasty were a superstitious lot; they worshipped spirits and believed in ghosts.
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=2&i=5322&t=5322 (1634 words)

	Henan - Karmiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Their last capital, Yin, was located at the modern city of Anyang, Henan.
		In the 11th century BC the Zhou Dynasty arrived from the west and destroyed the Shang Dynasty.
		Sui Emperor Yang's costly attempt to relocate the capital from Chang'an to Luoyang contributed to the downfall of Sui.
	www.usedkarma.com /wiki/index.php?title=Henan (2225 words)

	Shang-Dynasty
		After the defeat of the last king of Xia-dynasty circa 1600 B.C., the kingdom of Shang took over the assumption of power, and large areas around the river of Huanghe were put under the rule of the new royal house.
		The second and maybe the first of many capitals that had been discovered since the years of 1950, the city of Ao, founded by the tenth king of Shang, was discovered close to Zhengzhou, south of Huanghe and approximately 150 kilometers south of Anyang.
		This period was later known as the golden age of The Shang Dynasty.
	heim.ifi.uio.no /~huut/shang.html (1455 words)

	Ancient Chinese History: Shang Dynasty
		Once King Tang had established the Shang Dynasty, the Hereditary System became firmly entrenched and the throne was secured by successive king's sons.
		The capital city was relocated several times before King Pan Geng settled on Yin (in the present Henan Province), where the economy and culture was to foster progress.
		The decline of nearly all dynasties was touched off by the last king's fatuity.
	www.warriortours.com /intro/history/shang (222 words)

	Henan - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		In 1127, however, the Song Dynasty succumbed to Jurchen (Jin Dynasty) invaders from the north, and in 1142 had to cede away all of northern China, including Henan.
		The Jurchens kept their capital further north, at least until 1214, when they were forced to move the imperial court southwards to Kaifeng in order to flee the Mongol onslaught.
		The capital was, however, at Kaifeng instead of modern Zhengzhou.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Henan (2272 words)

	Chinese History - Shang Dynasty å• and Shang cultures (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Taiwan R.O.C. The Shang Dynasty (also called Yin æ®· after the last capital near modern Anyang å®é½/Henan) is the second of the Three Holy Dynasties (San Dai, Sandaiãä¸ä»£) of Chinese historiography (Xia å¤, Shang å•, and Zhou å‘¨).
		Since all the events of this historical period, reported by sources written many hundred years later, cannot be taken seriously, many scholars at the end of the 19th century thought the Shang Dynasty to be purely mythical.
		Later, when the kings of Yin (known as the ruling house of Shang) entered history, they were only one royal house that had to fight for dominance with many other cities between modern Gansu and Shandong, Hebei and Jiangxi.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Myth/shang.html (292 words)

	AH 370/EA 355 Arts of China: #2 The Shang Dynasty
		Until written evidence is found to document the historical existence of a Xia dynasty (see Study Sheet #1), the Shang is the earliest dynasty mentioned in ancient texts that has been confirmed by archaeological excavations.
		The Shang had a highly stratified society, built walled cities, used bronze, practiced divination, and conducted elaborate sacrifices to royal ancestors.
		Archaeological excavations in the 1930s found large tombs of late Shang kings and consorts, which although robbed in antiquity still contained many artifacts of bronze, jade, pottery, ivory, etc.; as well as associated human and animal sacrifices, and oracle bones.
	www.wisc.edu /arth/ah370/ah370s2.html (456 words)

	Four Treasure of Studio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		While this has yet to be proved conclu- sively, more definitive proof of the early existence of animal hair brushes has come from the archaeological discovery of a pottery shard uncovered in the fall of 1932 at the ancient Shang Dynasty capital of Yin, located in China's present day Anyang County.
		Within the vocabulary of China's ancient "oracle bone" script (¥Ò°©¤å)Awhich was carved or incised on the ox bones or turtle shells used primarily by the Shang royalty for purposes of divination- there exists a distinctive character for "writing brush." Most of the oracle-bone characters were pictographs: concrete graphic representations of words.
		Thus, by the time the Ch'in Dynasty unif~ed the written ten language, the character for writing brush was already in use throughout the country, despite minor variations in the method of writing.
	park.org /Taiwan/Culture/Arts/four-/brush1-2.htm (418 words)

	Zhou Dynasty and the Mandate of Heaven (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The Shang dynasty had been lost because they were ethically unworthy having wasted the resources of the Kingdom and through personal debilitation of the rulers.
		This doctrine became known as the Mandate of Heaven and it allowed new leaders to emerge and overthrow the ruling dynasty by claiming that the Mandate was lost.
		During the Spring and Autumn period, the dynasty flourished with new administrative and cultural advancements.
	www.lcsc.edu /modernchina/u2s1p2.htm (401 words)

	Ancient Dynasties
		At minimum, the Xia period marked an evolutionary stage between the late neolithic cultures and the typical Chinese urban civilization of the Shang dynasty.
		The Zhou dynasty lasted longer than any other, from 1027 to 221 B.C. It was philosophers of this period who first enunciated the doctrine of the "mandate of heaven" (tianming or
		The doctrine explained and justified the demise of the two earlier dynasties and at the same time supported the legitimacy of present and future rulers.
	www-chaos.umd.edu /history/ancient1.html (838 words)

	Yin Xu (Yin Ruins): Zhengzhou Tourist Attractions
		About 3,300 years ago, one emperor of the Shang Dynasty (16th - 11th century BC) moved his capital city to Yin, which is today's Anyang city, and since then Yin has been the capital city for more than 250 years.
		Today Yin Xu has proved to be the earliest remains of an ancient capital city in written record.
		Yin Xu is revealing its beauty to the world.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /attraction/henan/zhengzhou/yin-ruins.htm (408 words)

	Chinese Culture Interpretation
		Note: because 商 [Shang] dynasty's capital was located in 殷 [Yin], therefore the 商 [Shang] Dynasty was costumed to be called 殷商 [YinShang]
		], was conferred to it, by Emperor 周, the former capital of 商 dynasty.
		But there's a huge difference in age, for the groom was more than forty years the bride's senior; and therefore such act of marriage was against the tradition of the time.
	people.bu.edu /donmo/kongzi-2.htm (1094 words)

	Anyang - Indopedia, the Indological knowledgebase
		It is the site of the ancient Shang Dynasty capital known as Yinxu, or "the ruin of Yin" - the last capital of Shang Dynasty that was annihilated by the Martial King (Wu Wang) of Zhou Dynasty in the 11th century BC.
		The contemporary Anyang was constructed in 1368 AD (Ming Dynasty).
		This page was last modified 08:11, 1 Dec 2004 by Anonymous user(s) of Indopedia.
	www.indopedia.org /Anyang.html (190 words)

	Yin
		After the Yin's collapse, the surviving Yin ruling family collectively changed their surname from their royal 子 (
		: zi; Wade-Giles: tzu) to the name of their fallen dynasty, Yin 殷.
		Wapipedia > Index > Y > Yi > Yin
	www.wapipedia.org /wikipedia/mobiletopic.aspx?cur_title=Yin (396 words)

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