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Topic: Yokutsan languages

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	Yokutsan languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Yokutsan (also Yokuts) is an endangered language family spoken in the interior of southern California in and around the San Joaquin valley by the Yokut tribe.
		The speakers of Yokutsan languages were severely affected by disease, missionaries, and the Gold Rush: most are now extinct.
		The Yokutsan family consists of 3 languages which in turn consist of numerous dialects and subdialects.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yokutsan_languages (332 words)

	Anonymization.Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Language families can be divided into smaller phylogenetic units, conventionally referred to as branches of the family, because the history of a language family is often represented as a tree diagram.
		Although deaf sign languages have emerged naturally in deaf communities alongside or among spoken languages, they are unrelated to spoken languages and have different grammatical structures at their core.
		There has been very little historical linguistic research on sign languages, and few attempts to determine genetic relationships between sign languages, other than simple comparison of lexical data and some discussion about whether certain sign languages are dialects of a language or languages of a family.
	67.18.35.242 /-en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_family (1146 words)

	Language families and languages - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Language families can be subdivided into smaller units, conventionally referred to as "branches" (because the history of a language family is often represented as a "tree" diagram).
		Thus, provincial dialects of Latin ("Vulgar Latin") gave rise to the modern Romance languages, so the Proto-Romance language is more or less identical with Latin (if not exactly with the literary Latin of the Classical writers), and dialects of Old Norse are the protolanguage to Norwegian, Swedish, Danish and Icelandic.
		Languages that cannot be reliably classified into any family are known as language isolates.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Language_family (824 words)

	Penutian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Penutian is a proposed grouping of language families that includes many Native American languages of western North America, predominantly spoken at one time in Washington, Oregon, and California.
		The name is based on the words meaning 'two' in the Wintuan, Maiduan, and Yokutsan languages (which is pronounced something like [pen]) and the Utian languages (which is pronounced something like [uti]).
		The original hypothesis of Penutian consisting of 5 language families was suggested by Roland B. Dixon and Alfred L. Kroeber in 1903 and published in 1913.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Penutian (888 words)

	Vowel harmony
		Languages that have both prefixes and suffixes often have both progressive and regressive harmony.
		Vowel harmony is present in all Yokutsan languages and dialects.
		Linguists theorize that the transformation of "e" to "a" is due to a vestigial system of vowel harmony (the voicing of "h" as "b" is due to rendaku).
	phoners.com /wiki/index.php?title=Vowel_harmony (2890 words)

	SOUNDOVER.COM: Language Families
		The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia.
		Philosophy of language is the branch of philosophy that studies language.
		The Indo-European languages are a group of several hundred languages and dialects, including most of the major language families of Europe, as well as many languages of Asia, which belong to a single superfamily.
	www.soundover.com /families.html (1055 words)

	List of languages by name: Y Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Ethnologue: Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistic service organization which studies lesser-known languages primarily to provide the speakers with native language biblical texts.
		The Ethnologue contains statistics for 6,912 languages in the 15th edition, released in 2005 (up from 6,809 in the 14th edition, released 2000) and gives the number of speakers, location, dialects, linguistic affiliations, availability of the Bible, etc. It is currently the most comprehensive existing language inventory, along with the Linguasphere Register.
		Full language revival is improbable because of the scarcity of fluent speakers, but one of the possibilities for a partial revival is to use Yaaku vocabulary in the framework of Maasai grammar, a strategy that is analoguous to the making of Mbugu, a mixed language of the Usambara mountains in Tanzania.
	list.of.languages.by.name.y.en.ogarnij.info (2829 words)

	[No title]
		Their language is related to some other languages spoken in northwestern California, but also of the same language family of peoples in interior Alaska and Canada, and the Apache and Navajo in the Southwest.
		Although their language is a subgroup of the Uto-Aztecan language family, which is widespread throughout the state, the Tubatulabal language is very different from neighboring languages of this type.
		Their language is not one of the usual California languages, but is of the Algonquian language family, related to languages spoken throughout large areas of eastern North America.
	infodome.sdsu.edu /research/guides/calindians/calinddictty.shtml?print (3870 words)

	Vowel Harmony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In most languages, an vowel triggers lie within an root of the word while an affixes added to an roots contain an targets.
		In some languages, not all vowels participate in an harmony processes â” these vowels are termed either neutral or transparent.
		Linguists theorize that an transformation of "e" to "a" is due to the vestigial system of vowel harmony (the voicing of "h" for "b" is due to rendaku).
	benedict.blogsilla.com /benedict/benedict_biography_pope_xvi/Vowel_harmony (2280 words)

	Penutian: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Arawakan languages (The arawakan languages are an indigenous language family of south america and the...)
		Chané language (Chané language is an extinct language of argentina....)
		Pemon (Pemon or pemong (in spanish: pemón) is a carib languagescarib language spoken mainly in venezuela,...)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /ref/penutian (1707 words)

	Penutian: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The name is based on the words meaning 'two' in the Wintuan, Maiduan (Maiduan: more facts about this subject), and Yokutsan languages (which is pronounced something like) and the Utian (Utian: utian (also miwok-costanoan) is language family consisting of miwokan languages...
		Miwokan and Costanoan languages are grouped into an Utian (Utian: utian (also miwok-costanoan) is language family consisting of miwokan languages...
		* Yokutsan (Yokutsan: yokutsan (also yokuts) is a family of languages spoken in the interior of southern...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/penutian (746 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The name is based on the words meaning 'two' in the Wintuan, Maiduan, and Yokutsan languages (which is something like [pen]) and the Utian languages (which is something like [uti]).
		The relationships between the Penutian languages of the Pacific Coast are less certain and less well understood than in some of the other Amerindian language families.
		Penutian languages - a family that is rather loosely defined - were spoken on the central Oregon Coast, along the Lower Columbia, in the Cascades, in the Willamette Valley, and in the Rogue Valley.
	penutian_languages.iqexpand.com /index.php?title=Penutian_languages&action=edit (642 words)

	Penutian languages -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		From their origins in East-Central Europe, the Slavic languages spread widely and are now spoken throughout most of the Balkans and Eastern Europe, parts of Central Europe, and the northern portion of Asia.
		The Slavic languages are a group of related languages within the Indo-European family.
		They—and a number of lesser-known languages and dialects—are all derived from medieval Latin dialects spoken in areas of Europe governed by the Roman Empire.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9059139 (745 words)

	Yokuts Language (Yokut, Yokutsan, Yowlumni, Chukchansi, Tachi, Nutunutu, Palewyami)
		The Yokuts languages are considered by most linguists to be part of the Penutian family of languages, possibly related most closely to Miwok.
		Language loss in California has been especially severe, however--the legacy of the Gold Rush days, in which massacres and Indian slavery, while technically illegal, were not actively discouraged--and today only three Yokuts languages are still spoken, by only a handful of elders apiece.
		Although the Yokuts languages are nearly extinct, there are language programs in the Tachi and Chukchansi tribes, and some young Yokuts people are working to keep their ancestral tongue alive.
	www.native-languages.org /yokuts.htm (347 words)

	VOWEL HARMONY FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In some languages, not all vowels participate in the harmony processes — these vowels are termed either ''neutral'' or ''transparent''.
		See Neutralization, archiphoneme, underspecification for an explanation of ''archiphoneme'' and ''neutralization'' with an example of a Tuvan archiphoneme involved in vowel harmony.
		In the Finnish language, there are three classes of vowels -- ''front'', ''back'', and ''neutral'', where each front vowel has a back vowel pairing.
	www.witwib.com /vowel_harmony (2143 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Penutian, pt. 1
		You have reached the first page on Penutian Languages, which is just one part of the "Language Finger" homepage, which is an index by language to the holdings of the Mansfield Library of The University of Montana.
		updated 4-29-2002 The Chinookan languages (Macro-Penutian) comprise the Chinookan sub- branch of the Penutian branch of the Macro-Penutian family of languages.
		Although the languages became extinct in the 20th century, efforts are being made to revive them by the Costanoan people.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/penut1h.htm (882 words)

	List of languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Ethnologue lists about 6,800 main languages in its language name index (see the external link) and distinguishes about 41,000 alternate language names and dialects.
		This list deals with particular languages, and includes only natural languages spoken or signed by humans.
		See List of languages by name: Z for about 50 more.
	www.wikipedia-mirror.co.za /l/i/s/List_of_languages.html (927 words)

	Yawelmani Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Yawelmani (also Yowlumni) is an extinct variety of an Valley Yokuts language (of an Yokutsan family) formerly spoken in southern California by an Yawelmani people.
		This Indigenous languages of an Americas-related article is the stub.
		Hymes, Dell H. Language in culture with society: A reader in linguistics with anthropology.
	aksana.bloggerscape.com /Yawelmani_language (583 words)

	Language Family Encyclopedia Article @ 209.68.55.237 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		6 Creole languages, pidgins, mixed languages, and trade languages
		the non-genetic class of Caucasian languages which is generally thought to include at least two, at most tenuously related families:
		Altaic languages (the status of the Altaic languages is disputed; Turkic languages are clearly spoken in this region)
	209.68.55.237 /encyclopedia/Language_family (1205 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Penutian languages
		The name is based on the words meaning 'two' in the Wintuan, Maiduan, and Yokutsan languages (which is pronounced something like
		The original hypothesis of Penutian was suggested by Roland B. Dixon and Alfred L. Kroeber in 1903, published later in 1913 and 1919 (In 1910, Kroeber suggested a relationship between the Miwokan and Costanoan languages, which were later conclusively demonstrated to make up an Utian family by linguist Catherine Callaghan).) This hypothesis combined Miwok-Costanoan (i.e.
		Later Sapir and Leo Frachtenberg added Kalapuyan and Chinookan languages and then Alsean, culminating in Sapir's 1921 four-branch classification:
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Penutian_languages (618 words)

	Vowel harmony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A [[Venn diagram of the Finnish Vowel harmony system.The front vowels are in blue, neutral in green and back in yellow]] In the Finnish language, there are three classes of vowels -- front, back, and neutral.
		From Vowel harmony, a feature of Finnish phonotactics, it follows that single words may not contain both front and back vowels, but all words may contain neutral vowels.
		Main Article: The Korean Language There are three classes of vowels in Korean: positive, negative, and neutral.
	vowel-harmony.area51.ipupdater.com (935 words)

	Language families and languages - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Creole languages, pidgins, and trade languages" class="as-lk">Creole languages, pidgins, and trade languages
		According to the Ethnologuehttp://www.ethnologue.com/web.asp, the largest language families are:
		Chibchan languages (Central America & South America) (22)
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=18190 (763 words)

	The Ultimate Language families and languages Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		The Ultimate Language families and languages Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		According to the Ethnologue[1], the largest language families are:
		Makaton - for children and adults with learning disabilities in the United Kingdom - constructed language
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Language_family (728 words)

	[List of languages] \| [All the best List of languages resources at purchasing.silvertopics.com] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Ethnologue lists about 7,300 main languages in its language name index (see an external link) with distinguishes about 39,491 alternate language names with dialects.
		Only languages with List of languages pages are listed here.
		List of languages® is the registered trademark of an List of languages Foundation, Inc.
	purchasing.silvertopics.com /List_of_languages (973 words)

	Language family - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Image:Human Language Families (wikicolors).png Most languages are known to belong to language families.
		However, it is possible to recover many of its features by applying the comparative method — a reconstructive procedure worked out by 19th-century linguist August Schleicher.
		This page was last modified 01:31, 25 January 2006.
	www.pakistangrid.com /mediawiki/index.php/Language_family (992 words)

	Category:endangered Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Searching for Category:Endangered languages information can be tough.
		We have compiled many new Category:Endangered languages resources to help you find the Category:Endangered languages your looking for.
		Category:Endangered languages® is the registered trademark of an Category:Endangered languages Foundation, Inc.
	aksana.bloggerscape.com /Category:Endangered_languages (148 words)

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