
	Where results make sense

Topic: Yongbyon

Related Topics

North Korea and weapons of mass destruction

North Korea nuclear weapons program

Nuclear proliferation

List of countries with nuclear weapons

Nuclear reactor

Nuclear weapon

Magnox

German nuclear energy project

Nuclear weapons in popular culture

Chairman of the National Defence Committee of North Korea

Korean province

Military of North Korea

Mordechai Vanunu

Cluster munition

WE177

	Yongbyon Reactors - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Note: "Yongbyon" is spelled and pronounced 녕변 (Nyŏngbyŏn) in the DPRK and 영변 (Yŏngbyŏn) in south Korea.
		Yongbyon is also the site of a 50 MWe Magnox reactor, but construction was halted in 1994 about a year from completion in accord with the U.S.-North Korea Agreed Framework, and by 2004 the structures and pipework had deteriorated badly.
		Since nuclear development began in the 1980s, the College of Physics and Technical College of Physics were set up at Yongbyon to train specialists necessary for the operation of nuclear facilities like the atomic reactor at Yongbyon, the nuclear fuel re-processing plant and nuclear fuel manufacturing plant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yongbyon (986 words)

	Yongbyon - North Korean Special Weapons Facilities
		Since nuclear development began in earnest in the '80s, the college of physics and technical college of physics were set up at Yongbyon to train specialists necessary for the operation of nuclear facilities like the atomic reactor at Yongbyon, the nuclear fuel re-processing plant and nuclear fuel manufacturing plant.
		In March 1986, satellite imagery of Yongbyon depicted small craters in the sand near a river bank, apparently from experimental high-explosive detonations.
		The group spent about a day at Yongbyon, and was shown the empty cooling pond where the 8,000 fuel rods from the 5-megawatt nuclear reactor had been stored.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/world/dprk/yongbyon.htm (1971 words)

	North Korea: No bygones at Yongbyon \| thebulletin.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Yongbyon reactor, which started up in 1986, used graphite as a moderator and was cooled with pressurized carbon dioxide gas.
		Building this type of reactor was also easier, General Li reasoned, because almost all of its important details had been available in the open literature of the "Atoms for Peace" program since the late 1950s, as were the designs for the Radiochemistry Laboratory, or reprocessing plant, for which Dr. Li was responsible.
		The remaining 7,700 fuel rods were in a window-lit cinder block building with peeling paint, where they sat in a concrete-lined pool of water roughly the size of a rectangular backyard swimming pool.
	www.thebulletin.org /article.php?art_ofn=ja03alvarez (4045 words)

	N.Korea restarts Yongbyon nuclear reactor-report - Boston.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The surveillance satellite detected steam coming out of a boiler connected to a building housing the five-megawatt reactor at Yongbyon, Asahi Shimbun said, quoting unnamed sources related to six-way nuclear crisis talks, including a senior U.S. official.
		The sources said the steam had been detected before the resumption of the six-way talks in late July that aimed to entice the North to give up its nuclear weapons and bomb-making programmes in exchange for economic aid and security guarantees.
		The Yongbyon complex, around 100 km (60 miles) north of North Korea's capital, Pyongyang, is the center of the communist state's nuclear programmes.
	www.boston.com /news/world/asia/articles/2005/08/21/nkorea_restarts_yongbyon_nuclear_reactor_report (452 words)

	Stanley Kurtz on North Korea on National Review Online
		More important, once the plutonium has been removed from Yongbyon and transferred to North Korea’s vast network of subterranean military bases, it will be invisible to spy satellites, and hidden from the gaze of inspectors.
		Yongbyon had been locked and monitored under the 1994 “agreed framework.” But only recently, that framework fell apart when the United States confronted the North Koreans with evidence of an illicit uranium program.
		The plutonium at Yongbyon might as well have already been produced, hidden, and sold — because the North’s clandestine nuclear fuel plant(s) are already at work.
	www.nationalreview.com /kurtz/kurtz032103.asp (2300 words)

	China
		The University of Chemical Industry (formerly the Hamhung University of Chemical Industry) is possibly responsible for research and education of scientists and technicians in the reprocessing aspects of North Korea's nuclear program.
		Located 22km south of Yongbyon, Pakch'on is the site for an Atomic Energy Research Center, as well as a uranium refinement (ore to U0 facility and one of the DPRK's primary uranium mines (Sunchon-Wolbingson mine 50km to the south).
		Located 30km northwest of Yongbyon, construction of a 200MWe gas-graphite reactor was suspended under the US-DPRK Agreed Framework.
	www.nti.org /db/china/nfacorg.htm (864 words)

	iafrica.com \| news \| world news US group visits N Korea nuclear facility
		Two "non-governmental" US delegations arrived in Pyongyang on Tuesday with the intention of visiting the Yongbyon facility where North Korea has said it was reprocessing spent nuclear fuel rods in an effort to make atomic bombs.
		North Korea agreed in 1994 to mothball its Yongbyon nuclear complex, 90 kilometres north of Pyongyang, under a nuclear freeze agreement with the United States.
		Yongbyon is thought to have enough spent fuel rods to make around six nuclear weapons.
	iafrica.com /news/worldnews/295599.htm (525 words)

	CNS - Nuclear Inspections and Brinksmanship
		The plutonium program is an immediate threat because at Yongbyon, North Korea has the ingredients for four to five additional plutonium bombs.
		The plutonium is contained in spent nuclear fuel from the Yongbyon reactor, which is stored at the reactor site next to the closed facility that was used to separate the plutonium for the North's first weapons.
		The history of the Yongbyon reactor and plutonium separation plant must be established, and the DPRK must place any plutonium separated before 1994 under IAEA monitoring.
	cns.miis.edu /pubs/other/brink.htm (741 words)

	The Korean Nuclear Crisis
		In later phases specified by the agreement, Yongbyon was to be dismantled.
		The half-life of plutonium-239 in Yongbyon's fuel rods is 24,400 years, and surely that plutonium, once liberated from its fuel rods, would end up in other hands than Kim Jong Il's.
		Second, at some point Yongbyon must be dismantled, as must the centrifuges for enriching uranium, the ballistic missiles and their factories, and the engineering infrastructure that supports them.
	www.harvardmagazine.com /on-line/090326.html (3074 words)

	US Sees Activity At Nuclear Site, Warns N Korea
		As there has been for the last month, "there is still activity around Yongbyon, some of it associated with the reactor, an immediate thing that's not as bad as reprocessing but still isn't good," a senior official told Reuters.
		Fresh fuel rods "probably" have been moved at Yongbyon and spent fuel rods "possibly" have been moved, said one official, noting that intelligence is not clear-cut.
		The crisis was sparked in October 2002 when the United States said Pyongyang admitted to developing a highly enriched uranium program in violation of the 1994 accord, under which the North froze its nuclear program in exchange for two nuclear energy reactors and economic assistance.
	www.rense.com /general34/USseesactivityatnuclear.htm (867 words)

	Time to End the Korean War
		Yongbyon's secluded geographic position had led to its fortification by the early fifteenth century; later it became a scenic pleasure resort for the aristocracy.
		For many years a silk-producing town, Yongbyon has long been home to a large synthetic-textile (mainly rayon) industry as well, leading a few observers in the U.S. intelligence community to think -- erroneously -- that an alleged nuclear-reprocessing facility observed by satellite might be just a textile mill.
		Yongbyon has a thirty-megawatt facility on the model of a 1950s British gas-graphite reactor known as the Calder Hall.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/cumings.htm (5211 words)

	Yongbyon - North Korean Special Weapons Facilities
		Most are located at Yongbyon, 60 miles north of Pyongyang, which has an estimate staff of some 2,000.
		The major installations include a 5-megawatt electric (MW(e)) research reactor, a larger a 50-MW(e) reactor that was under construction in Yongbyon, and a plutonium reprocessing facility.
		Since nuclear development began in earnest in the '80s, the college of physics and technical college of physics were set up at Yongbyon to train specialists necessary for the operation of nuclear facilities like the 5MW atomic reactor in Yungbyun nuclear fuel re-processing plant and nuclear fuel manufacturing plant.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/dprk/facility/yongbyon.htm (2545 words)

	US delegations in North Korea call visit "good," but no word on Yongbyon
		The delegation arrived in Pyongyang on Tuesday with the intention of visiting the Yongbyon facility where North Korea has said it was reprocessing spent nuclear fuel rods in an effort to make atomic bombs.
		North Korea agreed in 1994 to mothball its Yongbyon nuclear complex, 90 kilometres (50 miles) north of Pyongyang, under a nuclear freeze agreement with the United States.
		Reprocessing Yongbyon's spent fuel rods -- thought to be enough for around six nuclear weapons -- could increase a nuclear stockpile that US intelligence services believes already numbers up to two nuclear devices.
	www.spacewar.com /2004/040109101311.rwcxh5h2.html (428 words)

	[No title]
		The allies would build a new primary distribution system to transfer the electricity generated by the plants to major population centers; this would also be completed in five years.
		During the five years of construction, the allies would provide fuel oil that could be used to provide electricity that would compensate for the electricity that could have been generated by the nuclear reactors at Yongbyon.
		NK would resume the freeze at Yongbyon, and totally dismantle the plant when the first coal-fired reactor came on line.
	www.stanford.edu /class/msande290/301MSE290Prob.htm (1062 words)

	Asia Times
		If these are removed or disabled, as they apparently have been at Yongbyon, IAEA officials say North Korea could reprocess 8,000 spent fuel rods now lying in a temporary storage pond into enough plutonium to make five bombs within a month.
		Pyongyang has announced that it is lifting the freeze on its nuclear program to generate electricity, but the reactor at Yongbyon has never been connected to the power grid.
		El-Baradei asked North Korea not to open the sealed canisters containing spent fuel or to tamper with the cameras keeping an eye on the cooling ponds where the fuel was canned between 1996 and 1998.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Korea/DL24Dg02.html (802 words)

	Yongbyon [Nyongbyon] - Satellite Imagery
		Tactical Pilotage Chart of the Yongbyon and surrounding region.
		NIMA 1:250,000 Joint Operations Graphic of Yongbyon and surrounding area.
		The Yongbyon Nuclear Complex is protected by at least 22 anti-aircraft artillery batteries.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/world/dprk/yongbyon-imagery.htm (127 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The US suspects North Korea may have resumed reprocessing spent nuclear fuel rods from Yongbyon into plutonium for use in nuclear weapons, and analysts said the trip to the facility may shed light on the North’s nuclear capabilities.
		A western diplomat who closely follows the issue said it was interesting the authorities allowed a visit to Yongbyon, but not necessarily significant or helpful to the process.
		North Korea subsequently said it would restart its reactor at Yongbyon to generate electricity, disabled surveillance cameras at the complex and expelled UN inspectors, leading to US fears that it had resumed a nuclear arms effort.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1040111/asp/foreign/story_2774654.asp (614 words)

	Kennedy School News & Communications
		In later phases of the agreement, Yongbyon was to be dismantled.
		News reports late last week indicated that not only is the freeze no longer on at Yongbyon, but North Korea is trucking the fuel rods away where they can neither be inspected nor entombed by an airstrike.
		What is going on at Yongbyon as we speak is a huge foreign policy defeat for the United States and a setback for decades of U.S. nonproliferation policy.
	www.ksg.harvard.edu /news/onthehill/2003/carter_020403.htm (2825 words)

	Disarmament Documentation: '[N]othing that we saw at the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center that would allow ...
		So, I believe the DPRK wanted to show us the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center to verify that they had taken significant actions since December 2002 and to impress us with their nuclear capabilities.
		I explained to both of them that there is nothing that we saw at the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center that would allow me to assess whether or not the DPRK possessed a nuclear deterrent if that meant a nuclear device or nuclear weapon.
		What we saw at Yongbyon was that they apparently have the capability to do the first.
	www.acronym.org.uk /docs/0401/doc19.htm (6786 words)

	[No title]
		Eight years later, it was discovered that while the nuclear program at Yongbyon had been frozen, the pursuit of nuclear weapons continued through a uranium-enrichment program at an undisclosed location, allowing North Korea to receive billions of dollars’ worth of incentives, and continue their program elsewhere.
		Now, 10 years later, North Korea has “unfrozen” its reactor at Yongbyon and maintains that it has reprocessed, is reprocessing, or is technically capable of reprocessing—depending on the official statement of the day—the plutonium-laden fuel rods once kept there.
		Their latest offer essentially calls for them to refreeze what was supposed to have remained frozen in return for more concessions, amounting to a “new” agreement, whereby the North will receive more for agreeing to do what they already agreed to, but didn’t do, before.
	www.worldpress.org /article_model.cfm?article_id=1887&dont=yes (1516 words)

	North Korea Moves Fresh Fuel To Nuclear Plant
		The facilities at Yongbyon were frozen under a 1994 agreement with the United States under which North Korea halted its nuclear arms program in exchange for oil shipments and the construction of two atomic reactors that are difficult to use for military purposes.
		On Saturday, North Koreans began removing the seals and disabling U.N. monitoring cameras at the five-megawatt Yongbyon reactor after the IAEA failed to meet Pyongyang's demand that it take away the gear so it could revive the reactor.
		U.S. intelligence officials say enough weapons-grade plutonium had already been produced at Yongbyon to build two nuclear weapons by the time the plant was closed down in 1994.
	www.rense.com /general33/gesh.htm (598 words)

	North Korea allows US experts to visit N-plant -DAWN - International; 03 January, 2004
		It would mark the first time outsiders have been allowed in the communist country's nuclear complex since UN inspectors were expelled a year ago in the midst of Pyongyang's confrontation with Washington over its nuclear ambitions.
		Mr Hecker had been told he can visit Yongbyon, where the North Koreans may have reprocessed used fuel to make plutonium for six bombs, the paper cited members of the delegation as saying.
		By inviting Sig Hecker to Yongbyon, the government of Kim Jong Il may want to prove it has nuclear weapons as a way of bolstering a tough negotiating stance, the newspaper said.
	www.dawn.com /2004/01/03/int12.htm (558 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)