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Topic: The Yongle emperor

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	Yongle Emperor - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360–August 12, 1424), born Zhu Di, was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China from 1402 to 1424.
		The Yongle Emperor is buried in the Changling (長陵) tomb, the central and largest mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty Tombs.
		Emperor Yongle was born Zhu Di on May 2nd, 1360 (mother unknown) to a monk and future emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Zhu_Di (1929 words)

	Yongle Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360 – August 12, 1424), born Zhu Di, was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China from 1402 to 1424.
		Hongwu died on June 24, 1398, and Zhu Yunwen was crowned Emperor Jianwen.
		Yongle's economic, educational, and military reforms provided unprecedented benefits for the people, but his despotic style of government gave them no room to breathe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yongle_Emperor (2023 words)

	Emperor Yongle's Tomb and Emperor Wanli's Tomb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		Zhu Di was the 3rd emperor of the Ming Dynasty and he built this this tomb when the capital was moved to Beijing.
		Emperor Yongle's Tomb is the largest, earliest and best preserved among the 13 mausoleums.
		Emperor Yongle's Tomb is now one of the three Ming tombs which are open to visitors.
	www.mybeijingchina.com /ming_tombs/yongle_and_wanli_tombs.htm (731 words)

	Yongle Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		The Yongle Encyclopedia or Yongle Dadian (永樂大典) was commissioned by the Chinese Ming Dynasty emperor Yongle in 1403.
		In 1557, under the supervision of the emperor Jiajing, the Encyclopaedia was narrowly saved from being destroyed by a fire which burnt down three palaces in the Forbidden City.
		Some think that the Encyclopedia in fact disappeared at the death of Jiajing, having being taken by the emperor to his grave, and they believe that it will yet be found hidden in the tomb complex of Yongling.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/Y/Yongle-Encyclopedia.htm (449 words)

	The World-famous Yongle Bell
		The Yongle Bell was cast during the reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).
		In the capacity of emperor, Qianlong noted without restraint and more incisively that in the battle to usurp the throne Zhu Di killed countless people and cruelly implicated many others in the case and that he had the bell cast with a view to confessing by the dint of the bell.
		The Yongle Bell was transferred from the Temple of Longevity to the Temple of Awakening in a third move.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_artqa/2004-02/04/content_45899.htm (2736 words)

	China History Forum, online chinese history forum > Yongle Emperor
		Emperor Yong-le also mounted five military expedition into mongolia and totally crush the remnants of the yuan dynasty that fled to the north after got defeated by first emperor of the ming dynasty.He make mongolia into chinese tributary and all the tribes in mongolia must submit to him and proclaimed themselves vassal.
		Aug 23 2004, 04:25 PM The Yongle Emperor of China was the third ruler in the Ming Dynasty, from 1403 to 1424.
		The pretext was that the military escort was disrespectful to the late Emperor and to the new Emperor.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t784.html (6868 words)

	Newswise
		From 1402 to 1424, Yongle not only collected and preserved the riches of Chinese culture, but he also looked outward, establishing diplomatic and trade relations with foreign nations and launching six large-scale expeditions to explore the world.
		Yongle needed the support of his Confucian court to maintain power, but in order to fulfill his desire for expansion and exploration, he had to ensure they didn't gain too much control.
		Yongle assembled his top scholars into a Grand Secretariat, a group whose specific responsibilities included advising the emperor, helping him draft decrees and formulate policy.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view?id=YONGLE.UAR (897 words)

	The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Special Exhibitions: Defining Yongle: Imperial Art in Early Fifteenth-Century China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		The Yongle emperor (pronounced "Yung-le") is at times revered, and at times reviled, as one of the most powerful and effective rulers of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644).
		The emperor moved the capital from the south to the north, establishing the Forbidden City in Beijing (the northern capital), which incorporated the complex built earlier by Khubilai Khan (1215–1294).
		The Yongle emperor's devotion to the Tibetan branch of Buddhism, also begun during his initial residence in Beijing, is visible in the style and imagery of sculptures, ritual implements, and textiles produced at the court for use in ceremonies and as gifts for visiting clerics.
	www.metmuseum.org /special/yongle/yongle_panel.htm (351 words)

	Imperial Elegance - Chinese Ceramics from Asia Society's Rockefeller Collection
		Huizong, the Northern Song-dynasty emperor who reigned from 1101 to 1126, was the epitome of the Chinese emperor-aesthete, and his taste had a strong and long-lasting impact on the arts, ranging from poetry to jade carving.
		A number of Qing-dynasty emperors were distinguished for both encouraging innovations in porcelain decoration (at Jingdezhen and in imperial workshops at the capital) and collecting ceramics.
		The emperor was also taken by Jian tea bowls, particularly those with “hare’s-fur” (tuhao wen) markings, as seen in the dark, thick glaze covering this bowl, which he said were the most desirable.
	www.asiasociety.org /arts/imperialelegance/imperialtaste.html (1145 words)

	Ming Tombs
		It was in the reign of the Zhengtong Emperor (1436-1449) that the practice of entombing live imperial concubines was abolished.
		The concubine was elevated to Empress status by her grandson and thus re-buried with the Emperor Wanli.
		The stone stele bears the inscriptions of the Ming Dynasty Renzong Emperor (Zhu Gaozhi) and Qing rulers, the Qianlong and the Jiaqing Emperors.
	www.chinapage.com /friend/goh/beijing/mingtomb/mingtombs.html (887 words)

	BOOK REVIEW OF WINTER 2002
		He vividly portrays Yongle as complex and fascinating, "part villain and part visionary." He also portrays his family: his autocratic father, his brothers and in-laws ranging from gentle to vicious, and his strong-willed mother, who checked her husband and commanded the devotion of her sons and daughters-in-law.
		Tsai portrays scholars who died rebuking Yongle, and others who served him loyally, although that, too, was dangerous: one close advisor, who had rewritten the records of the Hongwu reign to make Yongle look good, was buried alive in the snow by the Embroidered Guard.
		This book, and the actions of the Yongle emperor, cannot explain the later Ming, but it is a wonderful account of the complex Chinese society and politics of the late-fourteenth and early-fifteenth centuries.
	www.persimmon-mag.com /winter2002/bookre6.htm (748 words)

	Yongle Encyclopedia - Chinese Dictionary - Chinese
		The Yongle Encyclopedia or Yongle Dadian (永樂大典) was commissioned by the ChinaChinese Ming Dynasty emperor Yongle Emperor of ChinaYongle in 1403.
		In 1557, under the supervision of the Jiajing Emperor of Chinaemperor Jiajing, the Encyclopaedia was narrowly saved from being destroyed by a fire which burnt down three palaces in the Forbidden City.
		It got burnt in the Palace of Heavenly Purity (in the Forbidden City) during the reign of Qing Dynasty Jiaqing Emperor of Chinaemperor Jiaqing.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Yongle_Encyclopedia (477 words)

	HIST 4401
		The will of the emperor, though, during the reign of Zhu Di (1402-1424 C.E.), was not merely to achieve political and military dominance over his neighbors.
		With the Yongle Emperor's acknowledgement of Malacca as a kingdom, though, Siam could not continue to threaten the Malaccans, as this would be a sign of impertinence to the superiority of the Yongle Emperor.
		At the same time the Yongle Emperor was busy fighting on one front, he was seeking to improve diplomatic relations on other fronts.
	www.valdosta.edu /~raboyd/hist.4401.3.html (1229 words)

	Defining Yongle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		A son of the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty, he seized the throne from his nephew and moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing.
		Yongle’s strong faith in Tibetan Buddhism, and the means of production at his disposal, determined both the repertory and the style of the superb paintings, sculptures, lacquers, metalwork, ceramics, textiles, and ivories produced in the imperial workshops during his reign.
		On view are sculptures, lacquers, metalwork, ceramics, textiles, and ivories created in the imperial workshops during the reign of the Yongle emperor (r.
	arts.monstersandcritics.com /news/printer_5629.php (231 words)

	Yongle Emperor of China: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Yongle Emperor of China
		Yongle Emperor of China: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Yongle Emperor of China
		His name is Zhu Di (朱棣), he became known as Chengzu of Ming Dynasty (明成祖 also written Cheng Zu, or Ch'eng Tsu (Cheng Tsu) in Wade-Giles)) after becoming emperor following a civil war.
		His era name was Yongle (also Yung-lo in Wade-Giles).
	www.encyclopedian.com /yo/Yongle-Emperor-of-China.html (158 words)

	Zheng He (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		Zheng He was a Muslim eunuch who served as a close confidant of the Yongle Emperor of China (reigned 1403–1424), the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
		By the mid-15th century, a princess of China, Princess Hang Li Po (or Hang Liu) was sent by the Emperor of China to marry the King of Malacca (Sultan Mansur Shah).
		His successor, the Hongxi Emperor (reigned 1424–1425), decided to curb the influence of the eunuchs at court.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/Z/Zheng-He.htm (1833 words)

	Double Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		Yongle was emperor during several of Zheng He's voyages.
		1403-1425) usurped the throne from his nephew, the Jianwen emperor.
		Because of the manner in which he obtained the throne, the quest for legitimacy was particularly important to Yongle.
	www.hist.umn.edu /hist1012/primarysource/yongle.htm (48 words)

	The Ming Tombs
		Emperor Yongle was significant in Chinese history as it was he who moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing after its reconstruction.
		Yongle's tomb served as the model for the other tombs that followed.
		The Emperor and Empress were buried, as was the Chinese tradition, under a large mound in underground vaults.
	www.anniebees.com /China/China_19.htm (513 words)

	Changling- Emperor Yongle’s Tomb
		The third Ming Emperor Zhu Di, whose reign title was yongle, was buried here together with his wife, Empress Xu.
		Above the gate is a plaque inscribed with the name of the tomb, and inside the tower is a stone tablet carved with characters “Tomb of Emperor Cheng Zu of the Great Ming”, Cheng Zu being the posthumous title of Emperor Yongle.
		in the east and west “pits” as funeral objects of the emperor.
	www.chinatravelkey.com /beijing/attractions/mingtombs/changling.htm (282 words)

	UCLA Asia Institute: 15th Sammy Yukuan Lee Lecture Honors Sammy Lee's 100th Birthday
		The Yongle Emperor carried out a massive construction project over ten years in honor of Zhenwu at Wudang mountain (Wudangshan) in Hubei province.
		Stephen Little also told his audience that the Yongle Emperor, who is the one who built the famous Forbidden City in Beijing, added at the north end of the compound a small building devoted to the worship of Daoist god Zhenwu.
		It was locked up after the last Qing emperor, Puyi, was forced to abdicate in 1911 and has reputedly not been opened since.
	www.isop.ucla.edu /asia/article.asp?parentid=2482 (686 words)

	nmyworld » Yongle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		Though it is exhausting, Yongle is satisfied at all of the accomplishments that
		crowned Emperor Yongle at the age of 42.
		Yongle ambitiously planned to move China’s capitol to Beijing.
	www.nmyworld.com /wordpress/2004/10/yongle-38 (1668 words)

	UW Press: Search Books in Print
		The son of the founder of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) removed the capital to Beijing, built the Great Wall, finished the Grand Canal, and made the court bureaucracy even more powerful and efficient, all the while encouraging exploration abroad (and putting down rebellion at home).
		Yongle was the force behind construction of the Forbidden City, home to himself and the 22 later emperors." - Vancouver Sun
		"Yongle traveled with an entourage of government officials and courtiers and logistical personnel that make American presidential trips look puny - and the Emperor always took with him 10,000 cavalry soldiers and 40,000 foot soldiers.
	www.washington.edu /uwpress/search/books/TSAPEC.html (367 words)

	Yongle Emperor of China : Ming Cheng Zu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		Yongle Emperor of China : Ming Cheng Zu www.eurofreehost.com
		Yongle Emperor of China : Ming Cheng Zu printable version : Ming_Cheng_Zu.html.txt
		It uses material from the wikipedia article Yongle Emperor of China : Ming Cheng Zu.
	www.eurofreehost.com /mi/Ming_Cheng_Zu.html (250 words)

	Tibet: Treasures From the Roof of the World on Asianart.com
		In 1408, Emperor Yongle, of the Ming Dynasty, sent an invitation to Tsongkhapa to visit the Ming capital.
		Shakya Yeshe received bountiful gifts from Emperor Yongle, including a fl hat, which is clearly visible in the second of his two portraits included in this exhibition (see no. 10).
		In 1429, Shakya Yeshe returned to China, during the reign of Emperor Xuande (1426-1435), this time to the new northern capital at Beijing, where he demonstrated his abilities as a healer by curing the emperor's ills.
	www.asianart.com /exhibitions/bowers/25.html (544 words)

	TIMEasia.com: Asian Journey 2001
		As a result of the expeditions, the Emperor in Nanjing (and later Beijing when the capital was moved north in 1420) commanded the fear and respect of leaders throughout South and Southeast Asia.
		With the death of Yongle, the Emperor who sent Zheng He on his voyages, the conservatives began their ascendancy.
		The pendulum has shifted back and forth between openness and insularity, between the spirit embodied in Zheng He and that of, say, Yang Rong, the Confucian tutor to the Emperor who argued for rolling back the power of eunuch adventurers like Zheng He.
	www.time.com /time/asia/features/journey2001/intro2.html (1337 words)

	Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle; Author: Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry; Paperback
		Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle; Author: Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry; Paperback
		This volume is a comprehensive portrait of a dynamic Chinese emperor who laid many of the bureaucratic foundations of modern China.
		Prices subject to change to be advised on confirmation of order.
	www.netstoreusa.com /cubooks/029/0295981245.shtml (159 words)

	History 310 Week 7 Notes
		- Hongwu Emperor obsessed with returning China to former status — refuses to accept 400-year system of rough “equality”
		- Hongwu Emperor’s insecurity — commoner status, past rebel associations (Red Turbans)
		- Yongle Emperor also firm believer in Ming hegemony in East Asia:
	www.calpoly.edu /~admorris/Hist310W07Notes.html (476 words)

Yongle Emperor of China : Yongle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)

Yongle Emperor of China : Yongle

Yongle Emperor of China : Yongle
article at Free Euro Online Encyclopedia

It uses material from the wikipedia article Yongle Emperor of China : Yongle.

www.eurofreehost.com /yo/Yongle.html (209 words)

	History: Review of New Books: Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle. (book review)
		History: Review of New Books: Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle.
		Read the full article with a Free Trial of HighBeam Research »
		Tsai, Shih-shen Henry Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle Seattle: University of Washington Press 270 pp., $32.50, ISBN 0-295-98109-1 Publication Date: May 2001
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_hb141/is_200109/ai_n5662979 (221 words)

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