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	Yoruba - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As recorded by one of the earliest Yoruba historians, Reverend Samuel Johnson (an Ọyọ convert to Christianity), Oduduwa was the head of an invading army from the East (a locale often identified with Mecca, the Sudan, or northeastern Nigeria) who established the constitutional monarchic system of government amongst the indigenous population he found.
		The Yoruba are one of the ethnic groups in Africa whose cultural heritage and legacy are recognizable in the Americas, despite the debilitating effects of slavery.
		Many ethnic Yoruba were enslaved and taken to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Trinidad and the rest of the New World (chiefly in the 19th century, after the Ọyọ empire collapsed and the region plunged into civil war), and carried their religious beliefs with them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yoruba (3136 words)

	Yoruba language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Yoruba is classified as a Niger-Congo language of the Yoruboid branch of Defoid, Benue-Congo.
		The ancestor of the Yoruba speakers is, according to their oral traditions, Oduduwa, son of Olúdùmarè, the supreme god of the Yoruba.
		Yoruba is a tonal language with three level tones: High, Low and Mid; the latter is the default tone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yoruba_language (3039 words)

	Yoruba Religion
		Yoruba believe in a supreme being, in primordial divinities, and spirits that have been deified.
		Yams are considered important symbols of thanksgiving by the Yoruba, whose main occupation is farming.
		For example, the Eje festival is an annual event in Itebuu-Manuwa during which the Yoruba leader gives yams to Malokum (god of the sea), to the ancestors, and to other local spirits and divinities believed to be responsible for making the crops do well on the land.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/sub/yoruba.html (507 words)

	The Yoruba Today
		Yoruba settlements range from poor and depopulated rural villages in the savanna to cities the size of Lagos and Ibadan, while a number of comparative studies, particularly those of Peter Lloyd, have revealed the degree of variation in social organisation.
		The population of Yoruba subgroups in the Benin and Togo Republics, according to Igue and Yai (1973) is approximately 400,000.
		It is one of the older Yoruba kingdoms, and according to Asiwaju (1976b: 14-15) its foundation involved the expulsion or incorporation of an existing Fon population.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /YorubaT/yt1.html (8384 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Yoruba mythology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The mythology of the Yoruba is sometimes claimed by its supporters to be one of the world's oldest widely practised religions.
		Yoruba mythology is only one part of itan — the complex of myths, songs, histories and other cultural concepts which make up the Yorùbá religion and society.
		Many ethnic Yoruba were taken as slaves to Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Brazil and the rest of the New World (chiefly in the 19th century, after the Oyo empire collapsed and the region plunged into civil war), and carried their religious beliefs with them.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Yoruba_mythology (341 words)

	Yoruba People
		The arts of the Yoruba are as numerous as their deities, and many objects are placed on shrines to honor the gods and the ancestors.
		The oral history of the Yoruba describes an origin myth, which tells of God lowering a chain at Ile-Ife, down which came Oduduwa, the ancestor of all people, bringing with him a cock, some earth, and a palm kernel.
		Yoruba deities are known as orisha, and the high god is Olorun.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/people/Yoruba.html (653 words)

	Conjunto Folklorico Nacional de Cuba
		The batáliterally "speak" the Yoruba language and recite a litany that is crucial toparticular rituals.
		Yoruba religious ceremonies were practiced and preserved in the cabildos of Cuba as the slaves seemingly synchronized their masters' pantheon of Catholic saints with their own pantheon of orisha.
		The correlation of the Yoruba orisha with the Catholic saints is part of the island's common culture.
	www.bembe.com /conjunto (729 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Yoruba is the second largest language group in Africa, consisting of over 20 million people.
		Islam, Christianity, and the "traditional" Yoruba pantheon, the orisa, are all embraced in Yorubaland.
		The Yoruba mentality, like that of the Mande people, can be traced backwards to their creation myths or cosmogony.
	server1.fandm.edu /departments/Anthropology/Bastian/ANT269/yoru.html (166 words)

	Yor?b?
		Yoruba nouns are not marked for gender, number, or case.
		Yoruba verbs are marked for tense and aspect.
		Since Yoruba is related to Xhosa and Zulu, one can estimate that it is also a Category II language.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/september/yoruba.html (678 words)

	African Tribes - Yoruba People
		The Yoruba have started to become quite popular among Africans all over the world who claim the Yoruba as their family roots and follow the religion and culture of the Yoruba.
		The Yoruba originated from a people known as the Oyo who arose and became quite popular by their trading with the Portugues which gave them a large supply of guns.
		A comprehensive study of Yoruba, including a survey of the major Orishas, the deified spirits of ancestors and other spirits, the minor Orishas, details of priesthood and worship, the Yoruba conception of human beings, magic in Yorubaland, and the survival of hieroglyphics, emblems and other symbols.
	www.africaguide.com /culture/tribes/yoruba.htm (429 words)

	Nigeria - Early States Before 1500
		The Yoruba were organized in patrilineal descent groups that occupied village communities and subsisted on agriculture, but from about the eleventh century A.D., adjacent village compounds, called ile, began to coalesce into a number of territorial citystates in which loyalties to the clan became subordinate to allegiance to a dynastic chieftain.
		The brass and bronze used by Yoruba artisans was a significant item of trade, made from copper, tin, and zinc either imported from North Africa or from mines in the Sahara and northern Nigeria.
		Unlike the forest-bound Yoruba kingdoms, Oyo was in the savanna and drew its military strength from its cavalry forces, which established hegemony over the adjacent Nupe and the Borgu kingdoms and thereby developed trade routes farther to the north.
	countrystudies.us /nigeria/5.htm (2619 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Assessment for Yoruba in Nigeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Yoruba are the second largest ethnic group next to the Hausa/Fulani of the northern region (30%).
		The AG eventually collapsed because of divisions within Yoruba society, and this loss of stability in the west gradually undermined the political structure of the entire country.
		When it became apparent that Moshood Abiola, a prominent Yoruba businessman from the south, was going to be the victor, the elections were declared null and void by the incumbent government.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=47505 (1367 words)

	Yoruba Omo Oduduwa
		Yoruba is an ancient language that continues to acquire new speakers and new hybrid dialects everyday.
		In the Yoruba culture, when a man of lesser age wishes to greet a man or woman older than he is, he must lower himself on the ground and prostrate while the elder begins the conversation.
		In northern Yoruba towns, festivals are held in which each egungun dances through the town on a certain day, and on a final day, they all dance to the palace to greet the Oba (the King).
	www.uga.edu /aflang/YORUBA/ODUDUWA.htm (8074 words)

	Yoruba History Page
		To the east and north the Yoruba culture reaches its approximate limits in the region of the Niger River.
		Yoruba slaves were sent to British, French, Spanish and Portuguese colonies in the New World, and in a number of these places Yourba traditions survived strongly.
		Santeria, the adaptation of Yoruba and Ifa with Catholicism, came to the states first with Puerto Ricans in the forties and fifties and then with the flood of Cuban refugees in the sixties.
	www.cultural-expressions.com /ifa/ifahistory.htm (744 words)

	Learn more about Yoruba mythology in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Shango is perhaps the most important Orisha; he is a Sky Father, god of thunder and the ancestor of the Yoruba.
		He was the fourth king of the Yoruba, and deified after his death.
		He is a trickster and divine fool, and very well-respected by the Yoruba themselves, and the other Orishas.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /y/yo/yoruba_mythology.html (316 words)

	Yoruba - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		YORUBA [Yoruba], people of SW Nigeria and Benin, numbering about 20 million.
		The old Yoruba kingdom of Oyo was traditionally one of the largest states of W Africa, but after the mid-1700s its power slowly waned.
		Vestiges of Yoruba culture are also found in Brazil and Cuba, where Yoruba were imported as slaves.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/y/yoruba.asp (365 words)

	About Egbe Omo Yoruba \| National Association of Yoruba Descendants in North America, About Yoruba People
		Oduduwa is the legendary progenitor of the Yoruba.
		These original founders of the Yoruba nation included Olowu of Owu (son of Oduduwa's daughter), Alaketu of Ketu (son of a princess), Oba of Benin, Oragun of Ila, Onisabe of Sabe, Olupopo of Popo, and Oranyan of Oyo.
		Afonja was the Kakanfo, the generalsimo of the Army, in the northern Yoruba town of Ilorin, during the reign of Awole and his successor.
	www.yorubanation.org /Yoruba.htm (1693 words)

	Yoruba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		There are 20 million or more people who speak Yoruba as their mother tongue.
		Yoruba culture and religion have profoundly influenced the African diaspora in Brazil, Cuba and other New World countries, even among communities where the language itself is completely or partially forgotten.
		The Yoruba people are one of the two largest ethnic groups of Nigeria, being concentrated in the southwestern part of that country.
	www.flw.com /languages/yoruba.htm (119 words)

	languagehat.com: YORUBA.
		Yorubas in the new world generally referred to themselves by their origin such as "Nagos" in Brazil and Haiti (Anago western Yoruba from Dahomey) and Ilesha (Ijesa) in Brazil, Ketu in Jamaica.
		I believe the Ahmed Baba reference is the earliest to use the term "Yoruba" in print, but I have not heard any etymological comment on the possibility of its derivation from the Yagba and Yauri, two of the most northernmost groups that fall under the Yoruba ethnic identity.
		The influx of savannah-dwelling Yoruba that Zaelic mentioned did swell the population, but the precolonial name is derived from that Edo word and not Yoruba.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/002354.php (3445 words)

	Yoruba Mask History and tribal culture
		These maskers have the power to communicate with the deceased, Yoruba people strongly believe that when they die, they enter the realm of the ancestors or spirit world from where they have influence and power on earth.
		The arts of the Yoruba are numerous in form, Beautifully sculptured and or carved art pieces are placed on shrines to honor the gods and the ancestors.
		Yoruba land is characterized by numerous densely populated urban centers with surrounding fields for farming.
	www.rebirth.co.za /yoruba_mask_history_meaning.htm (448 words)

	OHCHR: Yoruba (Yorùbá) - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Yoruba, with the stress on the first syllable, belongs to the Kwa branch of the Niger-Congo family and is one of the three main languages of Nigeria.
		As a result of the slave trade of the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, the language has also survived in Cuba (where it is called Lukumi) and in Brazil (where it is called Nago).
		Aside from these various dialects, there is Standard Yoruba, which is used for educational purposes, (e.g., in the newspapers, on the radio, and in schools).
	www.unhchr.ch /udhr/lang/yor.htm (2021 words)

	PROJECT THREE: THE YORUBA NUMBER SYSTEM
		Many historians believe that the Yoruba migrated to their present home from Upper Egypt, between 600 and 1000 A.D. They are city-dwellers.
		However, the Yoruba government and social structure is not dictatorial.
		In fact, the Yoruba describe their culture as "a river that is never at rest".
	www.prenhall.com /divisions/esm/app/ph-elem/multicult/html/chap3.html (667 words)

	Egungun: The Masked Ancestors of the Yoruba
		In the ever-changing world of the Yoruba people of southwestern Nigeria, one thing that remains consistent is a close connection with their ancestors.
		Some say they derive their name from the Yoruba word for "bones" or "skeleton," yet according to Babayemi, the correct pronunciation of the word in Yoruba means "masquerade." The Egungun appears as "a robed figure which is designed specially to give the impression that the deceased is making a temporary reappearance on earth" (Idowu 208).
		Life for every Yoruba is a series of changes, yet the Egungun and their rituals continue to survive.
	www.mythicarts.com /writing/Egungun.htm (2244 words)

	[No title]
		Even though this is the case, one look at a Yoruba ritual will soon convince you that there is another, more fundamental, ideology at the core of their beliefs.
		In fact, the Yoruba notion of play is very serious indeed and is at the heart of their most sacred rituals and their everyday lives.
		The Yoruba egungun and many other festivals like it are performed in the exact same way that the ancestors of the participants performed it.
	server1.fandm.edu /departments/Anthropology/Bastian/ANT269/Yrelig.html (1005 words)

	YORUBA RELIGION
		The religion of the Yoruba people in West Africa, who live in Nigeria and Benin, is a thousands of years-old tradition of nature worship and ancestor reverance.
		The rhythms and forms of Yoruba religion are said to be fundamental to the development of many forms of African American music from gospel to blues and jazz, and to musical forms such as Salsa and Latin Jazz.
		Ironically, while in the New World Yoruba religion is in a period of modest ascendency, in Nigeria itself it is being eclipsed by forms of Islam and Christianity, especially evangelical protestantism.
	members.aol.com /ishorst/love/Yoruba.html (716 words)

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