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Topic: Young Turk revolution

	Young Turks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Young Turk movement built a rich tradition of dissent that shaped the intellectual, political and artistic life of the late Ottoman period (decline, dissolution).
		The Young Turk movement built a rich tradition of dissent that shaped the intellectual and political life of the late Ottoman period and laid the foundation for Atatürk's revolution.
		The Young Turks who lived long enough to witness the coming into being of the Republic of Turkey saw many of their ideals realized - it was a regime based on a popular materialistic-positivist ideology and nationalism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Young_Turks (2104 words)

	Young Turk Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Young Turk Revolution was a watershed event, in 1908 that brought second constitutional era and marked the beginning of dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.
		The goal was to unite all the parties, including Young Turks, to move along the revolution.
		The Young Turks and the expatriate organizations of the various ethnic groups, such as Armenian Revolutionary Federation, had in prior to the revolution worked on the same line to brought the new system begin to show their differences.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Young_Turk_Revolution (684 words)

	young pens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In the aftermath of the bloodless Young Turk Revolution, the literary circles in Salonika initiated a journal called Genç Kalemler (Young Pens) in 1911, which began to transform literature radically in the lights of Turkish nationalism.
		Young Pens voiced an ideological and stylistic rebel against the Fecr-i Ati (Dawn of the Future) group, the heir to Edebiyat-ı Cedide, in terms of the use and the linguistic features of literature.
		Although she was not associated with the Young Pens, Halide Edip Adıvar was also an influential writer among the Türk Ocakları (Turkish Hearths), the organizations which embraced Turanism, a pan-Turkist approach.
	members.home.nl /cimen/youngpens.html (469 words)

	Young Turks - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Young Turks, late 19th- and early 20th-century opposition movement in the Ottoman Empire against the absolute rule of the Ottoman sultan of the time,...
		Young, Neil (1945-), Canadian guitarist, singer, and songwriter, known for his contrary versions of rock and folk music.
		Young, Edward (1683-1765), English poet, born in Upham, Hampshire, and educated at the University of Oxford.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Young_Turks.html (206 words)

	[No title]
		Young officers who had passed through the military schools were sent off to regiments in the provinces and not allowed to return to the Bosporus.
		In Paris the Young Turks had already taken the title of the Committee of Union and Progress, often indicated in later times by its initials as the C.U.P. It is undoubted that during the two or three years preceding I908 the movement spread throughout the empire with great rapidity.
		The Revolution was an unmistakably popular movement By this I do not mean that it was without leaders, but that people of all ranks were full of the revolutionary spirit, and once action had commenced, the leaders would have been incapable of stopping it.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Yturks.html (6385 words)

	Young Turks and the Armenian Genocide
		The Young Turk Movement emerged in reaction to the absolutist rule of Sultan Abdul-Hamid (Abdulhamit) II (1876-1909).
		The backbone of the movement was formed by young military officers who were especially disturbed by the continuing decline of Ottoman power and attributed the crisis to the absence of an environment for change and progress.
		The Young Turks earned further public support when their intervention was required to suppress the April 1909 counter-revolution staged by the palace.
	www.armenian-genocide.org /young_turks.html (1451 words)

	Hanioglu - Young Turks
		The Young Turks considered their ideal society an ummah, and positivism's refutation of the individual as the simplest unit of society and the importance that it attributed to the division of labor were corroborated by Islam Ahmed Riza wrote: "The Government of Islam is a collective authority in which every free citizen.
		The Young Turks' approach was similar to the thesis of Mexican positivists, led by Miguel S. Macedo, on relations between "superiors and inferiors." Like the Young Turks, this wing of the Mexican positivists- so-called Cientificos-tried to establish a society grounded on the laws of science.
		Although the Young Turk movement has been defined as a political opposition activity, little in the writings of CUP members was political, and the leaders rarely commented on their political tendencies.
	www.juedisches-archiv-chfrank.de /kehilot/turkei/INFOS/hanioglu.html (4932 words)

	The Traitor : A Novel by Geoffrey Miller
		The Young Turk revolution of 1908 presented the British Foreign Office with a quandary — to support the new régime, which had successfully restored the constitution, or continue to remain aloof, as had been the policy during the reign of Abdul the Damned.
		Initially with limited aims, the Young Turks and, in particular, the inner circle forming the heart of the party – the Committee of Union and Progress (C.U.P.) – would increasingly stand at the centre of Turkish politics, for good or evil.
		The power base of the Young Turks was too narrow and, while the heart beat more strongly in Constantinople after the revolution, the effect was too late to save the atrophied limbs.
	www.flamboroughmanor.co.uk /thetraitor/straits.htm (4308 words)

	The Turkish Revolution of 1908-9.
		The revolution was in essence the overthrow of the Sultan's autocratic power by the upper class Turks, and the substitution therefor of parliamentary government under their control.
		The revolution seems to have been hastened by the announcement of Austria in February, 1908, that a railroad would be built through Novibazar, linking up the Bosnian and Salonika lines, which would bring all the western part of the Balkan peninsula under Austrian influence, and by the Reval interview.
		The Young Turks had been greatly aided in their march on Constantinople, by the expert advice of the Central Powers and especially of the Neue Freie Presse of Vienna.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/boshtml/bos126.htm (710 words)

	Rodrigue. French Jews, Turkish Jews
		But, to use terms that have been employed by Michael Graetz in a different context, it was the election of Haim Nahum to the Chief Rabbinate after the Young Turk revolution of 1908 that marked the final transition of the Alliance from the periphery to the center of the ruling elite of Turkish Jewry.
		The Alliance was caught by surprise by the Young Turk Revolution and its consequences.
		The Young Turk revolution was received with jubilation by the Jewish communities of the Empire," with high expectations about new opportunities for Jews in all areas of public life in Turkey.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/hst373/readings/rodrigue.html (10712 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Mehmed Talaat Pasha
		Mehmed Talaat Pasha (1874-1921) was a prominent leader of the Young Turk movement and was Grand Vizier from 1917-18.
		With the success of the Young Turk revolution of 1908 (in which he played a leading part) Talaat was appointed deputy for Edirne in Parliament and, the following year, elevated to the Cabinet as Minister of the Interior.
		Unusually among the Young Turk leadership Talaat favoured allying with the Entente Powers prior to war in 1914, notably with Russia.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/talaat.htm (429 words)

	The Mirtsshteg Reforms
		The sultan Abdul Hamid II suspended the Constitution and persecuted the "Young Turks".
		On July 22, the "Young Turks" sent an ultimatum to Abdul Hamid to recur the Constitution.
		The "Young Turks" reorganized themselves in Thessaloniki and, with the Third Army Corpus located in Macedonia, with a reformed gendarmery and volunteers (1.200 Macedonians commanded by Yane Sandanski, Todor Panitsa and Hristo Chernopeev among them) came in Consantinople, fighting for the constitutional forces commanded by Mahmut Shefket-pasha.
	www.soros.org.mk /konkurs/058/mircteg.htm (565 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Young Turks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Young Turk assessments of international politics, 1906-9.(Turkey: Identity, Democracy, Politics)
		Ottoman Policy during the Bulgarian Independence Crisis, 1908-9: Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria at the Outset of the Young Turk Revolution.
		Britain and Ottoman Domestic Politics: From the Young Turk Revolution to the Counter-Revolution, 1908-9.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-YoungTur.asp (134 words)

	'The Three Pashas' killer file (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		By the time of the 'Young Turk' revolution of 1908 he is a leader of the CUP.
		Under the agreement over one million Greek Turks will be forced to leave regions they have occupied for generations and return to their homeland.
		Bolshevik Revolution the empire regains its eastern provinces.
	www.moreorless.au.com /killers/pashas.html (3267 words)

	Young Turk - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Young Turk - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Young Turks, late 19th- and early 20th-century movement of opposition against the absolute rule of Ottoman sultan Abd al-Hamid II.
		In the face of continued European dangers, however, Abd al-Hamid suspended the parliament and installed a highly autocratic government in 1878....
	encarta.msn.com /Young+Turk.html (140 words)

	The Sheila Variations: Macedonia - Part IV - The Young Turks
		Another story is that the Turks, as they took back the area, raped 150 women and small girls.
		The door was cracked open a teeny bit by the Young Turks, then the entire population of the Balkans, sick to death of the Ottoman tyranny, pushed open the door the rest of the way.
		The Young Turks becoming so terrifying and so brutal forced the Balkans to do something which had never happened before, and which has never happened since: they united.
	www.sheilaomalley.com /archives/000627.html (1250 words)

	TALAT PASHA (1874-1921)
		Talat Pasha was one of leaders of the Young Turks, Ottoman statesman, grand vizier (1917-18), and leading member of the Ottoman government from 1913 to 1918.
		In 1908, he was dismissed for being a member of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), the conspiratorial nucleus of the Young Turk movement.
		After the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, however, he became deputy for Edirne in the Ottoman Parliament, and in 1909, he was appointed minister of the interior.
	www.canakkale.gen.tr /eng/portraits/p21.html (317 words)

	Powerful Jewish Marranoes in Turkey (from a mainstream Jewish source) - OD Board
		The extent to which Jews were involved in the Young Turk revolution is debated, some arguing that Jews and Dönme dominated the Committee of the Union and Progress Party (C.U.P) - which gained control of the State.
		Others argue that this was anti-Semitic rhetoric and exaggerated and that while the Jews supported the revolution an a grass roots level, they were not highly represented in the upper echelons of the party.
		Other Jews active in the Young Turks were Nissim Mazliah from Izmir and Vitali Faradji, Moise Cohen (later called Munis Tekinalp) who was an active Jew and once rabbinical student who turned to business and actively asserted a proud Turkish identity along with Zionist sentiments.
	www.originaldissent.com /forums/showthread.php?t=20663 (1714 words)

	Turks
		Sergeant Joseph Turk (Devane) is a cop's cop: tough, honest and dedicated to the job.
		Two of the young Turks (Armstrong and Cubitt) have followed in dad's footsteps, while the youngest son (Muhaney) hits the books at the University of Chicago rather than the streets.
		Turks - Turks, term applied in its wider meaning to the Turkic-speaking peoples of Turkey, Russia, Central...
	www.infoplease.com /ipea/A0771758.html (273 words)

	Nazif on Tahirih
		He returned to Istanbul in 1908 after the Young Turk revolution, and held the office of governor in different cities.
		A young woman accepted Babism and became the disciple of the new Messiah.
		All, including the young girls and boys among the arrested, were happy and at ease.
	www.h-net.org /~bahai/notes/vol4/nazif.htm (2486 words)

	Amazon.com: City of Man's Desire: A Novel of Constantinople: Books: Cornelia,Cornelia Golna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The main character in the story is the young Greek girl Theodora Vlachos, the daughter of one of the many Greek families that lived in the city.
		The representative of the new thinking and thus the champion of the modernization of the empire is to be found in the person of the fanatic, uncompromising Young Turk, Murad.
		Cornelia Golna's Constantinople is not only a city on the dividing line separating the feudal-traditional way of life, in which, thanks to privileges granted by the sultan, there was room for the different cultures and religions, and modernization in the form of the introduction of a secularized, democratic system.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1419612476?v=glance (2701 words)

	Serbian nationalism from the "Nacertanije" to the Yugoslav Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Serbian officer corps was a magnet for poor but ambitious young men.
		After the civil war in Macedonia helped trigger the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia-Hercegovina because a reformed Young Turk regime might have eliminated the excuse for Habsburg administrative control.
		The most important was "Mlada Bosna" (Young Bosnia), organized in 1893 by teeage boys at a boarding school in Mostar.
	www.lib.msu.edu /sowards/balkan/lect13.htm (4590 words)

	The Founding Fathers Of Modern Turkey
		And as the Sultan was without weapon against them, his fall was inevitable...On the 1st May, 1909, the representatives of 45 Turkish Lodges met in Constantinople and founded the 'Grand Orient Ottoman'.
		They became linked to the Turks more intimately through a crypto-Jewish Moslem community, the Donme, descended from Sephardim converted in the seventeenth century [to Islam].
		In Turkey as in Hungry, and from the same mixed motives of gratitude and ambition, they threw in their lot with the ruling race, and they supplied the intellectual element in the new Turkish Nationalism.
	www.rense.com /general70/found.htm (763 words)

	GERTRUDE BELL: 'From Amurath to Amurath': the Near East and Iraq (1922/1924)
		The officials shared to the full the general sense of impermanence that is inevitable to revolution, however soberly it may be conducted; they were uncertain of the limits of their own authority, and as far as possible each one would shuffle out of definite action lest it might prove that he had overstepped the mark.
		The two men were Turks; they greeted me with effusion as a fellow alien in those wastes, and at parting pressed upon me a handful of raisins with their blessings.
		Next morning a young man from the sheikh's tent, cousin to Mabrûk (all the unmarried youths of the sheikh's family / p.48 / are lodged in his great house of hair) rode with us to Kal'at Ja'bar.
	www.presscom.co.uk /amrath/amrath0.html (17428 words)

	Ortayli. Ottomanism and Zionism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		It is possible to state that Turks and Jews were two groups within the empire that were among the least exposed to nationalism.
		The ideology of these organizations was primarily assimilationist and antinationalist, although by their structure and curricula they made it easier for young Jews trained in their institutions to assimilate into Western, rather than Ottoman, society.
		There were, however, significant numbers of young Jews, especially among the lower classes, who for economic reasons attended Ottoman secondary schools, where a liberal system of financial aid was in existence.
	www.h-net.org /~fisher/hst373/readings/ortayli3.html (3254 words)

	Armenian News - PanARMENIAN.Net \| Armenian News Agency - WAS THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE A DRY-RUN FOR THE JEWISH HOLOCAUST? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Young Turks allied themselves with Germany and used World War I as a cover for their slaughter of Armenians...
		Others argue that this was anti-Semitic rhetoric and exaggerated and that while the Jews supported the revolution on a grass roots level, they were not highly represented in the upper echelons of the party.
		He was active in the revolution as a highly articulate editor of a tabloid and professor of finance and was three times Finance Minister of Modern Turkey until his execution for his alleged role in the assassination attempt of Ataturk.
	www.panarmenian.net /library/eng/?nid=60&cid=10 (1312 words)

	Adivar, Halide Edib; Edib, Halide Adivar: Memoirs of Halide Edib
		A prominent novelist, social activist, journalist, and nationalist, Halide Adivar Edib (1882-1964) was one of Turkey's leading feminists in the Young Turk and early Republican period.
		Providing an account of the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, the Balkan and First World Wars, and ending with the demise of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, Edib explains her philosophy of pacifist nationalism, and her ideas on Islam and Islamic civilisation.
		Her retrospective account of Young Turk and nationalist politics, emphasizing the agency of Ottoman women in their fight for emancipation, aimed to redress the Kemalist account of Republican historiography, which undermined the activities of the Young Turks in order to praise the reforms of the Republican period.
	www.forbesbookclub.com /BookPage.asp?prod_cd=IUJ3I (329 words)

	Enver Pasha - Armeniapedia.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Ismail Enver, known to Europeans during his political career as Enver Pasha (Istanbul, November 22, 1881 - August 4, 1922) was a military officer and a leader of the Young Turk revolution in the closing days of the Ottoman Empire.
		In April 1912 the Young Turks (officially the C.U.P.) won an overwhelming majority in an election, but loss of the province of Libya to Italy and other setbacks eroded its support to the point that in July the C.U.P. was forced to yield to a political coalition called the Liberal Union, which formed a ministry.
		In a coup on January 23, 1913, the C.U.P. overthrew the Liberal Union coalition and introduced a military dictatorship headed by the "Three Pashas" - Cemal, Enver and Talât.
	www.armeniapedia.org /index.php?title=Enver_Pasha (409 words)

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