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Topic: Yuchi language

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	Encyclopedia of General Culture: Yuchi language
		The Yuchi language is the language of the Yuchi people living in the southeastern United States, including eastern Tennessee, western Carolinas, northern Georgia and Alabama, in the period of early European colonization.
		Yuchi is classified as a language isolate because it is not known to be related to any other language.
		Yuchi is primarily spoken in the northeastern Oklahoma region.
	encyclopediageneral.blogspot.com /2005/11/yuchi-language.html (201 words)

	New Georgia Encyclopedia: Languages of Georgia Indians
		A language family is a group of languages that are clearly related and have a common ancestor, or mother tongue.
		The Timucua language was spoken in extreme south central Georgia (roughly from Valdosta into the Okefenokee Swamp area a bit to the north), but it is primarily associated with people in north central and northeastern Florida.
		The Yuchi retained their unique language even after they had joined the Creeks, and even after they were forced to move with the Creeks to Oklahoma.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2752 (1001 words)

	A Tribe Races to Teach Its Mother Tongue
		Washburn, 74, is one of perhaps 10 living native speakers of Yuchi, the language of a small portion of the Creek Nation in northeast Oklahoma.
		Yuchi is the language of 2,400 descendants of a people who were "removed" from ancestral lands in Alabama and Georgia and sent to Oklahoma in the winter of 1838-39 along the "Trail of Tears" that other tribes traveled as well.
		Cahwee noticed that the Yuchi were "losing out on a lot of federal programs" because they could not use their language to demonstrate the cultural cohesion necessary to obtain full tribal status from the federal government.
	www.hvk.org /articles/0302/170.html (1851 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Opinion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Languages have always “died”, that is, people have ceased to use them in their daily lives because they have started speaking another language, voluntarily or under pressure.
		As also Yuchi, the language of an American Indian tribe in Oklahoma, the number of fluent speakers of which can be counted on the fingers of both hands and Manx, which has been declared “formally ended” after the death of its last native speaker.
		For the death of a language is a slow, painful process, so imperceptible that by the time the speakers realize the danger, the language is beyond all hope of recovery.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1040827/asp/opinion/story_3678988.asp (420 words)

	[No title]
		Dance songs are an important part of Yuchi culture, playing a central role in the continuing practice of traditional Yuchi religious ritual and serving as the focus for the inter-tribal social dances that link the Yuchi to other Woodland peoples in Oklahoma.
		While words in the Yuchi language are sometimes incorporated into Yuchi ceremonial and dance songs, most of the vocal text consists of vocables or sung syllables that carry the melody of the song.
		While our current collaboration with Yuchi singers focuses on recording and analyzing songs, stories like this one make clear that understanding the significance of songs in Yuchi life requires understanding the larger cultural context in which songs are used and made meaningful.
	www.loc.gov /folklife/news/Spring99.txt (4269 words)

	Who Were the Yuchi?
		First, while the Yuchi were a large powerful tribe according to reports of the De Soto expedition, evidence indicates that disease/epidemics ravaged the Yuchi after the Spanish men visited the East Tennessee area.
		The Yuchi were known to have widely scattered villages that ranged from Florida to Illinois, and from the Carolina coast to the Mississippi River.
		The Yuchi, now only a small tribe, were forced to ally themselves with the Creek Confederacy for survival, and in an ongoing part of this American travesty have never been recognized by the Federal Government as anything but a part of the Creek Nation.
	www.yuchi.org (2376 words)

	Yuchi Literature
		Yuchis have maintained a political and legal relationship with the Muscogee (Creek) tribe since joining the Creek Confederacy.
		The Yuchi were represented in this government as a single town, one of 44 in the confederacy (Wright 1951, 267).
		Yuchis were enrolled as Creek Indians on the roll of the Creek Nation created by the Dawes Commission.
	www.indigenouspeople.net /yuchi.htm (856 words)

	South Carolina Indians - Language
		A language family–or stock, as it is sometimes referred to–is a group of similar languages or dialects.
		When a group of languages shows similar vocabulary items, with regular correspondences of sounds, the group is said to have a genetic relationship; that is, the languages are "sister" languages, descended historically from a single origin.
		At present, the classification of Native American language families in terms of phyla is a matter of intense controversy.
	www.sciway.net /hist/indians/language.html (800 words)

	The University of Tulsa >> News/Events/Publications
		Yuchi, also spelled Euchee, is the language of a tribe of Native Americans who were moved from Alabama and Georgia to Indian Territory, now Oklahoma, in the 1830s.
		He says funds will pay for three key steps: documenting the language as spoken by the current fluent speakers, who are all elders; developing a series of CD computer programs containing the language; and providing training for teachers, volunteers, students and elders so they can pass the language on to others.
		Grounds, himself a Yuchi, has helped conduct a garden and language project in Sapulpa that involves growing vegetables and using the language during the tending of the plants and the harvesting, preservation and consumption of the fruits and vegetables.
	www.utulsa.edu /news/article.asp?Key=517 (511 words)

	Yuchi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Their population plummeted in the 18th century due to foreign diseases and war with the Cherokee.
		Historically, the Yuchi have always been a separate people from other tribes though they have often been grouped with and treated with other people, most importantly, with the Muscogee.
		There have been organizations which have striven to be representative tribal governments, however none have had near-universal support to date.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yuchi (349 words)

	Special UN Report: Speaking in Tongues, The Midnight Hour : ICT [2003/07/04] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Director of the Euchee (Yuchi) Language Project (ELP), based in Sapulpa, Oklahoma, Grounds came to the Forum on Indigenous Issues in New York with a petition: that 2005 be declared the International Year of Indigenous Languages, and that the United Nations educate the public about the disastrous trend of global language loss.
		Isolates are among the most complex languages because they don't develop streamlined grammars as, for example, English has done while spreading across the world and being molded by cultures far and wide.
		The language requires, for example, different pronouns according to the gender of the person speaking, the person spoken to, and how old they are.
	www.indiancountry.com /content.cfm?id=1057327571 (1323 words)

	LINGUIST List 8.1405: Endangered Language Fund Grant Awards
		This language is still the first language of most tribal members over the age of 25, but children are less likely to learn it.
		Once they are gone, the Yuchi tribe will be unable to learn more of their heritage, and linguists will be unable to solve the mystery of the last remaining language isolate of the Eastern US.
		Language data collection will be conducted for several languages in a region that has only recently been officially recognized as a distinct ethnic region.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/8/8-1405.html (735 words)

	Yuchi Words
		Though we hope to add a set of 100 common words for each language eventually, complete with phonetic lettering and possibly even audio, that will have to wait until we get a grant of some kind.
		If you need to know a Yuchi word that is not currently on our page, you can take part in our Indian translations fundraiser or visit our main Yuchi language site for more free resources.
		Yuchi is a language isolate (a language that does not appear to be related to any other known language).
	www.native-languages.org /yuchi_words.htm (163 words)

	languagehat.com: REVIVING PASSAMAQUODDY.
		In fact, a lot of language learning programs often are 'hollowed out' in that the generation of grandparents are teaching their grandchildren, because the parents have often developed such strong affective barriers to learning the language.
		However, the situation of those languages is quite different than the situation of almost all, if not all native American languages, in that the population base of such languages (as well as the tolerance/support of bilinguality in Europe) gives them a much greater access to resources.
		In the case of endangered languages, if there is going to be funding to vitalize a language, it is an urgent priority that these teaching programs be better than the ones used to simply glide through the US school systems by passing French 102 exams.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/000980.php (5930 words)

	Native Americans - Yuchi
		TRIBE NAME: : Yuchi, which means "situated yonder at a distance," was the response of several tribe members to the inquiry, "Who are you?" or "Whence come you?" The Yuchi refer to themselves as "TSO-YA-HA," or "children of the sun." The name is often spelled phonetically as Euchee or Uchee.
		LANGUAGE: Classified as the Uchean linguistic stock, the Yuchi have a distinct language in which dangerously few people today are fluent.
		Basic information about the Yuchi, including their history and current status as well as their dwellings, food, clothing, and tribal beliefs and practices.
	www.nativeamericans.com /Yuchi.htm (369 words)

	Yuchi language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The consonants of Yuchi are listed below (with IPA notation in brackets):
		The Yuchi people and language are the subject of a chapter in Spoken Here: Travels Among Threatened Languages, a book on endangered languages by Mark Abley.
		Categories: Indigenous languages of the Americas stubs
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yuchi_language (283 words)

	Yuchi Town (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Yuchi Town Poster, Painting by Martin Pate, Poster produced by the National Park Service and the U.S. Army Infantry Center at Fort Benning.
		However, the humor is at the expense of the Yuchi culture which the BIA seeks to snuff out with their genocidal policy that the Yuchi should now be absorbed into the Creek Nation.
		The Yuchi Language and Culture will likely be extinct within in the next two decades.
	www.yuchi.org /yuchitwn.htm (126 words)

	Yuchi Indian Language (Uchean, Euchee, Uchee, Uchi, Yuchis, Tsoyaha)
		Yuchi is a language isolate (a language unrelated to any other known language).
		Some linguists have suggested it might be distantly related to the Siouan languages, but this has not been conclusively confirmed.
		The Yuchi language is spoken only by a handful of elders today, but some young Yuchis are working to keep their ancestral language alive.
	www.native-languages.org /yuchi.htm (192 words)

	[No title]
		Yuchi legend of fire from three directions on an island which drove the tribe asea matches medieval Asian legend of fire-winds from all directions that depopulated a thousand cities of the Golden Island--Shakadvipa (lit.
		YUCHIS were Levites among many or all tribes, teaching ritual and medicine but not war dances.
		Co (Man) is common to Yuchi, an isolate in America, yet related across an enormous distance to isolate Yuki, spoken by a short-stature, xenophobic tribe whom archaeologists believe continuous occupants of the North Coastal Ranges for 6,000-10,000 years which, if so, predate the Yuchi language (as may be the case of Algonquins and Algonquin).
	www.wfu.edu /~cyclone/tifinago.htm (15798 words)

	[No title]
		______ 1991 Languages of the Aboriginal Southeast: An Annotated Bibliography.
		______ 1941 The Classification of the Muskogean Languages.
		Rand, Earl 1968 The Structural Phonology of Alabaman, a Muskogean Language.
	www.wm.edu /linguistics/wahala/bibliography.doc (3162 words)

	Indians of the Chattahoochee Valley Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Yuchi were a separate tribe from the Creeks and probably arrived in the Fort Benning area more than 10 years before the Creeks.
		One of the first white explorers and naturalists to the area, William Bartram, observed in the mid-1770's that "[the Yuchi) language was altogether and radically different from the Creek (or Muscogulge) tongue." (Kane and Keeton)
		The Yuchi needed fertile land to plant corn, a staple in their diets.
	www.am.dodea.edu /benning/Loyd/CSU30027/yuchi.htm (190 words)

	Waiting for her close-up : ICT [2003/08/08] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Revis grew up with Yuchi ceremonies and is beginning to learn the Yuchi language through her father.
		Today the language is almost lost and Revis recalls her grandmother telling her how she was prevented from speak Yuchi in the boarding school.
		Her father has started to raise funds to help fund a Yuchi language curriculum in Oklahoma.
	www.indiancountry.com /content.cfm?id=1096410195 (538 words)

	James M. Crawford Papers, American Philosophical Society
		When Kristian Hvidt, librarian of Danish Parliament in Copenhagen, Denmark, discovered in 1977 some drawings of Yuchi Indians that had been done by Baron Philipp Georg Friedrich von Reck in the 1730s, Crawford was able to translate the Yuchi text on the labels.
		Crawford organized several symposia on Southeastern Indian Languages, and in 1978, he co-organized with Robert L. Rankin the first Conference on Muskogean Languages and Linguistics at the University of Oklahoma in Norman.
		Crawford was a member of the American Anthropological Association, the Arizona Historical and Archaeological Society, the International Linguistics Association, the Linguistic Society of America, the Pacific Coast Archaeological Society, the Southeastern Conference on Linguistics, and the Southern Anthropological Society.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/mole/c/crawford.htm (2147 words)

	Neverending legacy for Te-lah-nay
		The young Yuchi Indian named Te-lah-nay recognizes the place her people call the shoulder bone of the river, the place where she was born.
		Te-lah-nay passed on to her offspring 12 stories of the Yuchi people and the story of how she returned to Lauderdale County.
		Some of the words are in Yuchi language, something that is significant because there are very few descendants remaining who speak and read the Yuchi language.
	www.indigenouspeople.net /telahnay.htm (892 words)

	Anthropological Linguistics Vol. 42, no. 1
		I demonstrate that the Svans, who speak a Kartvelian language distantly related to Georgian, preserve a structurally comparable ritual, the designation of which, ch’ae:ch’i:laer, is formed from a root cognate with that of c’ac’loba.
		In the Yuchi ceremonial-ground communities of eastern Oklahoma, language shift from Yuchi to English has prompted a variety of changes in the form and function of several ritual speech genres.
		Known in English as “dance calls,” this genre is contextualized within a broader ethnography of Yuchi ritual speaking and examined for insights into the unique phonological and morphological characteristics of Yuchi ritual discourse.
	www.indiana.edu /~anthling/v42-1.html (618 words)

	Correspondence received as a result of the Yuchi Indian website of Phil Lea
		Though her health was in decline, she held language classes in her home for women with Linda Harjo (also a key staff member of the "Project").
		As these remarks relate to the Yuchi, some years ago Madeline Kneberg (1952:198; see also Lewis and Kneberg 1958:148-149) of the University of Tennessee speculated that the origins of the Yuchi in historic southeastern Tennessee lay with a migration of the people of the Middle Cumberland Culture to the Hiwassee River area.
		The Yuchi Tribe is deeply divided over those of mixed ancestry that wish to remain a Creek People (the Euchee), and those who wish to have recognition to help preserve the language (the Yuchi).
	www.drwebman.com /euchee/yuchimail (6967 words)

	SABER Online
		From 1835 to 1838, 16,000 Cherokee, Creek and Yuchi Indians were exiled from their eastern homelands to live in Oklahoma.
		In fact, once when she had a meeting of Yuchi speakers in her home, she realized that every person in the world that spoke Yuchi was sitting there in her living room.
		Addie George also displayed Yuchi crafts, some she made and others she purchased or were given to her.
	saber.colstate.edu /issues00/022300/022300Chattahoochee.htm (1024 words)

	Indianz.Com > News > Addie George, oldest Yuchi woman, dies at 94 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		She devoted her life to preserving Yuchi culture and language, teaching a public schools and working with the Oklahoma Euchee Language Project.
		The Yuchi tribe was based in the Southeast before being removed to Oklahoma.
		Oldest Yuchi dies in Oklahoma at 94 (The Columbus Ledger-Enquirer 6/27)
	indianz.com /News/2006/014683.asp (290 words)

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