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Topic: Yugoslavia

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Communist Party of Yugoslavia

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Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

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	Yugoslavia (1992-2003)
		On 4 February 2003, the Parliament of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia adopted "The Constitutional Charter of the State Community of Serbia and Montenegro", together with the law on its implementation.
		The law on the coat of arms and the anthem of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro shall be passed by the end of the year 2003.
		Since Serbia and Montenegro kept using the flags formerly used in Yugoslavia from 1992 to 2003, we present those flags on pages dedicated to Serbia and Montenegro, this in order to avoid unnecessary duplication of information.
	flagspot.net /flags/yu.html (395 words)

	Timeline: The Former Yugoslavia
		Serbia and Montenegro form the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, with Slobodan Milosevic as its leader.
		This new government, however, is not recognized by the United States as the successor state to the former Yugoslavia.
		The UN Security Council lifts its arms embargo against Yugoslavia, abolishing the last remaining sanction by the international community.
	www.infoplease.com /spot/yugotimeline1.html (791 words)

	Yugoslavia's End, by Nebojsa Malic
		For example, Reuters claimed Yugoslavia was "established in 1929 as a royal dictatorship," though the kingdom itself had been in existence since 1918, and in 1929 merely changed the name.
		Yugoslavia was thus organized into Soviet-style 'republics' with no more sovereignty or legitimacy than their USSR counterparts.
		From its very inception, Yugoslavia had been a flawed creation, a grandiose experiment in both nation-building and social engineering, doomed to failure by simple truths of history and human nature.
	www.antiwar.com /malic/m020603.html (0 words)

	Yugoslavia - MSN Encarta
		Yugoslavia, meaning “land of the South Slavs,” was created as a constitutional monarchy at the end of World War I (1914-1918).
		Yugoslavia was unique among Communist countries in its relatively open and free society and its international role as a leader of nonaligned nations during the Cold War.
		The population of Yugoslavia recorded in the country’s last census in 1991 was 23,528,230.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761567145/Yugoslavia.html (1824 words)

	Yugoslavia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all South Slavic languages, Југославија in Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic) is a term used for the three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe.
		In 1990-1991, then, Yugoslavia was in the grip of a dynamic towards break-up despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of its population did not favour such a course.
		The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) was formed on April 28, 1992, and it consisted of the former Socialist Republics of Serbia and Montenegro.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yugoslavia (6731 words)

	Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Democratic Federative Yugoslavia was constituted at the AVNOJ or the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia conference in Jajce (November 29 - December 4, 1943) while negotiations with the royal government in exile continued.
		Like the Kingdom of Yugoslavia that preceded it, the SFRY bordered Italy and Austria to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Romania and Bulgaria to the east, Greece to the south, Albania to the southwest, and the Adriatic Sea to the west.
		Yugoslavia used to be described as a country with seven neighbouring countries, six republics, five languages, four nations, three religions, two alphabets and one party.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia (1668 words)

	NTI: Country Overviews: Yugoslavia: Profile Overview
		Yugoslavia is known to have produced a variety of chemical weapons.
		Reports indicate that the former Yugoslavia's Army produced significant quantities of sarin (50 tons), sulfur mustard, phosgene, the incapacitant BZ (allegedly a stockpile of 300 tons), and tear gas.
		Yugoslavia used its chemical warfare (CW) technologies to develop chemical munitions for Iraq prior to the first Gulf War in the "Jastrebac" (Little Hawk) program and chemical munitions for the Orkan MLRS system under the "KOL15" program.
	www.nti.org /e_research/profiles/Yugoslavia/index.html (1096 words)

	BBC - History - Yugoslavia: 1918 - 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		While Yugoslavia was occupied and resistance was directed against the occupiers, in fact the majority of those who died, did so in fighting between nationalists of various stripes - royalists, communists, quislings and so on.
		Yugoslavia was expelled from the communist bloc but Tito did not fall from power, as many had expected.
		Tito's Yugoslavia also gained enormous prestige as a founder of the non-aligned movement, which aimed to find a place in world politics for countries that did not want to stand foursquare behind either of the two superpowers.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/state/nations/yugoslavia_03.shtml (415 words)

	Yugoslavia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Yugoslavia came into existence as a result of World War I. (The earlier histories of its six component republics are treated separately, under their respective names.) In 1914 only Serbia (which included the present Republic of Macedonia) and Montenegro were independent states; Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.
		In Mar., 1941, Yugoslavia adhered to the Axis Tripartite Pact.
		Negotiations led to a new constitution that was approved in early 2003, and in Feb., 2003, Yugoslavia, which had essentially ceased to exist in the early 1990s, disappeared even as an official name for the two-republic federation that survived.
	www.bartleby.com /65/yu/Yugoslav.html (2130 words)

	Yugoslavia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Yugoslavia is well-known for plum production, which ranks first both in tree number (53%) and in fruit production (420,000-600,000 t annually).
		Over 1,100 new cultivars were developed in Yugoslavia by 1996 inclusive, of which 117 were various vegetable crops (mostly tomato, pepper and beans), 41 fruit cultivars (mostly plums) and 53 grapevine cultivars (out of which 18 cultivars were for wine production).
		Yugoslavia has 13 research centres, 10 in the Republic of Serbia and 3 in the Republic of Montenegro.
	www.hridir.org /countries/yugoslavia (2561 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Yugoslavia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		YUGOSLAVIA [Yugoslavia], Serbo-Croatian Jugoslavija, former country of SE Europe, in the Balkan Peninsula.
		Domestically Yugoslavia's "national communism" or "Titoism" included the abandonment of agricultural collectivization (1953) and the centralization of administrative and economic controls.
		In late 1995 Yugoslavia (in the person of President Milošević; of Serbia) participated in the talks in Dayton, Ohio, that led to a peace accord among Bosnia, Croatia, and Serbia (Yugoslavia).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/yugoslav_history.asp (2297 words)

	The Conflict in Yugoslavia and the Autonomous Region of Vojvodina
		Yugoslavia was created after WW I and was a complicated combination of peoples, religions, and cultures.
		Yugoslavia was then divided into 6 republics and 2 provinces with a collective, Federal Presidency.
		Vojvodina (Vajdaság in Hungarian) was granted to Yugoslavia with the signing of the Treaty of Trianon following World War I. The signing of this treaty cost Hungary two-thirds (2/3) of her land and one third (1/3) of her Hungarian-speaking population who now live outside the present borders.
	www.webenetics.com /hungary/yugo.htm (2128 words)

	Bosnia Genocide, Bosnia Massacres, Bosnia Human Rights Violations
		Bosnia is one of several small countries that emerged from the break-up of Yugoslavia, a multicultural country created after World War I by the victorious Western Allies.
		Yugoslavia was composed of ethnic and religious groups that had been historical rivals, even bitter enemies, including the Serbs (Orthodox Christians), Croats (Catholics) and ethnic Albanians (Muslims).
		An arms embargo was imposed for all of the former Yugoslavia by the United Nations.
	www.unitedhumanrights.org /Genocide/bosnia_genocide.htm (1409 words)

	Yugoslavia
		Yugoslavia has 6.2 million hectares of agricultural land of which 60 % is arable land, 4.3 % are orchards, 1.4 % vineyards and 33 % are natural grassland.
		Yugoslavia has about 0.4 hectares of agricultural land and 0.18 hectares of grassland land per citizen, which is almost double the value compared to Europe (0.25 hectares) and the world (0.27 hectares).
		The first experimental Bio-Station in Yugoslavia was established in April 1990, in the Subotica-Horgos desert, the most northern region of Vojvodina.
	www.organic-europe.net /country_reports/yugoslavia (3951 words)

	It was Yugoslavia’s Turn to be destabilized
		Yugoslavia was a special case that had prospered as the West provided them with money and technology in an attempt to wean it away from the Soviet bloc.
		Yugoslavia’s Serbian population, which had forgiven the Western Christians for the slaughter of possibly one-third of the Eastern Orthodox Serbian men during Hitler’s holocaust, was again facing second-class citizenship imposed by Western Christians.
		Yugoslavia was not threatening anyone outside its borders and was not threatening anyone within their borders until they were being destabilized as described above.
	www.ied.info /books/why/yugoslavia.html (9058 words)

	Preamble
		The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia shall be composed of the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro.
		The National Bank of Yugoslavia shall be an independent institution of the monetary system of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and sole bank of primary issue, responsible for monetary policy, the stability, of the currency and financial discipline, and the performance of other functions as laid down by federal law.
		In wartime and peacetime, the Army of Yugoslavia shall be under the command of the President of the Republic, pursuant to decisions by the Supreme Defense Council.
	www.cmseducation.org /wconsts/yugoslavia.html (8783 words)

	::The Resistance Movement in Yugoslavia::
		Yugoslavia fell to Nazi Germany on April 17th 1941.
		However, the troop movements in Yugoslavia would have indicated that a massive attack was going to take place as after the initial German invasion, many German troops were withdrawn for Barbarossa and replaced with Italian, Bulgarian and Hungarian troops.
		Having rid Yugoslavia of one invader, he was not prepared for another foreign nation to control his country.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /resistance_movement_in_yugoslavi.htm (1757 words)

	Michael Parenti: The Rational Destruction of Yugoslavia
		Yugoslavia was built on an idea, namely that the Southern Slavs would not remain weak and divided peoples, squabbling among themselves and easy prey to outside imperial interests.
		Yugoslavia was the one country in Eastern Europe that would not voluntarily overthrow what remained of its socialist system and install a free-market economic order.
		Yugoslavia's sin was not that it had a media monopoly but that the publicly owned portion of its media deviated from the western media monopoly that blankets most of the world, including Yugoslavia itself.
	www.michaelparenti.org /yugoslavia.html (0 words)

	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 20 \| 1955: Yugoslavia wins UN vote
		Under the terms of a "gentleman's agreement", Yugoslavia has agreed to give up the seat after serving one year, only half the usual two year term.
		Yugoslavia had the backing of the UK, nearly all European countries and most commonwealth countries, together with the Communist group and some Asian countries.
		Yugoslavia did resign its seat on the Security Council the following year and the vacancy was filled by the Philippines.
	news.bbc.co.uk /onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/20/newsid_3281000/3281621.stm (559 words)

	CER \| Yugoslavia: Perceptions and Politics of Poverty (Site not responding. Last check: )
		First, as in most of the Southeastern Europe region, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) is traditionally less developed, and as a matter of history, a poor European area that has witnessed the spread of poverty in all sectors of social, economic and cultural life.
		The last decade in Yugoslavia's history was not only decade of retrograde political thinking and behavior, it was also a decade of a new kind of economic practice.
		It has to be understood that for Yugoslavia, a tremendous poor population is a reality (as it is in most Southeast European countries) and they simply should not be treated only as a social problem.
	www.ce-review.org /01/20/cetinic20.html (2011 words)

	Foreign Affairs - The Last Ambassador: A Memoir of the Collapse of Yugoslavia - Warren Zimmermann (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The author evaluates the breakup of Yugoslavia as a classic example of nationalism from the top down -- a manipulated, brutal nationalism in a region where peace has historically prevailed and ethnically mixed marriages comprise a quarter of the population.
		Warren Zimmermann was Ambassador to Yugoslavia from 1989 to 1992.
		Then, Marshal Josip Tito had made Yugoslavia a model for independence from the Soviet Union as well as for a brand of communism that was more open politically and less centralized economically.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /19950301facomment5021/warren-zimmermann/the-last-ambassador-a-memoir-of-the-collapse-of-yugoslavia.html (758 words)

	STATISTICS OF YUGOSLAVIA'S GENOCIDE AND MASS MURDER
		Numerous estimates of this are available in the sources and I organize and consolidate them into military dead (lines 4 to 9 in Table 9.1), Partisan dead (lines 12 to 13), civilian dead (lines 23 to 26), civil war-dead (lines 30 to 31) and total war-dead (lines 34 to 48).
		The total democide of all parties in Yugoslavia turns out to be 1,515,000 to 4,805,000 people, of which 1,230,000 to 3,425,000 of them were killed during the war (lines 287 and 288).
		These now enable Yugoslavia's population to be projected to 1950 and 1965 based on the 1941 population, and by subtracting these projections from the actual population estimates (lines 311 and 317) to determine the population deficits used previously (lines 327 and 328).
	www.hawaii.edu /powerkills/SOD.CHAP9.HTM (2468 words)

	Significant Causes of the Violent Break-up of Yugoslavia
		Significant Causes of the Violent Break-up of Yugoslavia
		Yugoslavia has long been an ethnic melting point where great civilisations and religions have met.
		Tito re-established Yugoslavia through the skilful use of fear and the credibility of communist ideology.
	www.historyorb.com /europe/yugoslavia.shtml (1255 words)

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