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	Alaska Native Language Center -- Comparative Yupik and Inuit
		Four distinct Yupik (or Western Eskimo) languages are spoken along the shores of the Gulf of Alaska, in southwestern Alaska, and on the easternmost tip of Siberia.
		The Inuit (or Eastern Eskimo) language continuum is spoken in northern Alaska, Canada, and Greenland.
		Yupik has a fourth vowel, the shwa (like the e in the word roses), in addition to the three vowels a, i, and u found in all Eskimo (and Aleut; Inuit as a result has two kinds of i, that from original i and that originally from the shwa),
	www.uaf.edu /anlc/yupik_inuit.html (498 words)

	Yupik language, alphabet and pronunciation
		The Yupik languages belong to the Yupik branch of the Eskimo language family.
		Yupik is written with the Latin alphabet in Alaska and with the Cyrillic alphabet in Siberia.
		In the 1960s a group of scholars and native Yupik speakers came together at the University of Alaska to develop a new orthography for Yupik.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/yupik.htm (202 words)

	Yupik (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The use of the apostrophe in Central Alaskan Yup'ik, as opposed to Siberian Yupik, denotes a long p.
		The word Yup'ik represents not only the language but also the name for the people themselves (yuk 'person' plus pik 'real'.) Central Alaskan Yup'ik is the largest of the state's Native languages, both in the size of its population and the number of speakers.
		Children still grow up speaking Yup'ik as their first language in 17 of 68 Yup'ik villages, those mainly located on the lower Kuskokwim River, on Nelson Island, and along the coast between the Kuskokwim River and Nelson Island.
	www.flw.com /languages/yupikcentral.htm (127 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Siberian Yupik (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Siberian Yupik are an indigenous people who reside along the coast of the Chukchi Peninsula in the far northeast of the Russian Federation and the St.
		Yupik, more precisely called Central Siberian Yupik in the linguistic literature, is spoken on Chukotka peninsula in Russia, as well as on St. Lawrence island, which is politically part of Alaska.
		However, Yupik does have phonetic sequences such as [aj] in ayveq "walrus" or [aw] in Awliinga (a personal name), which could be interpreted as diphthongs from the point of view of other Eskimo languages.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Siberian-Yupik (260 words)

	White Dove's Native American Indian Site Eskimo (Yupik.Inupiat/inuit)
		The Yupik language includes five distinct sublanguages or dialects, of which these are represented in Alaska: Siberian Yupik, on St. Lawrence Island and the Siberian coast; Central Yupik, in southwestern Alaska; and Alutiiq, in the northern Pacific area (Kodiak Island and Prince William Sound).
		The Siberian Yupik communities on St. Lawrence Island, where larger patrilineal descent groups function as political and economic units, is an exception to this Eskimo pattern.
		The Yupik Eskimo formerly celebrated the Bladder Feast, which was a propitiation and a demonstration of respect for the seals caught during the year.
	users.multipro.com /whitedove/encyclopedia/eskimo-yupik-inupiat-inuit.html (2208 words)

	Our Yupik Neighbors of Goodnews Bay, Alaska
		Like their ancestors Yupiks today still utilize the resources of their environment, with fishing, hunting, and exquisite craft-work being primary means of subsistence.
		In fact, Yupik grass-woven baskets are considered among the finest in the world, having intricate patterns and extremely tight/consistent weave.
		It is this attraction that motivates both the Yupik people and the staff of GRL to protect vigilantly this last frontier.
	www.epicfishing.com /htmlfile/yupiks.htm (584 words)

	Jesup Exhibition (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Yupik (Asiatic Eskimo) live along the eastern shore of the Chukchi Peninsula and in Alaska on Saint Lawrence Island.
		Yupik folklore speaks of armed encounters, usually provoked by the neighboring Chukchi whom the Yupik characterized as hot-tempered and grudge bearing in contrast to their own self-image as peaceful and good-humored.
		Yupik had contact with Russians from the 17th century and with American whalers somewhat later, but missionaries were not active in this region.
	www.amnh.org /exhibitions/Jesup/G24.html (436 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 5
		The Eskimo Society of Chukotka “Yupik” was founded at the general assembly of Yupik Eskimos on August 2nd, 1990 in Provideniya.
		The goal of this social organisation is to unite the ethnic population living in the Chukchi Autonomous Province, in various cities of the Russian Federation and abroad, and to persevere their culture, language and traditional way of life.
		“Yupik” assigned these families a Johnson-40 HP motor for fishing and delivered it to Ushakovskoe with the help of the border patrol in the name of Lev Nanaun, who was, in 1990, a founding member of the Society in Provideniya.
	www.npolar.no /ansipra/english/items/Yupik_Society.html (976 words)

	The Art of Yupik Dancing
		“Yup’ik dancing is an expression of art, by communicating visually, by displaying movement for meaning, and by getting words across to the mind, enhancing the imagination of the story being told.
		Yup’ik dancing requires right and left hand coordination, and is structurally organized so that the right movements are always done first, creating a symmetry, or balance of movement.
		Yup’ik dance has “many” individual pieces, composed of the yuarun (chorus) which is sung eight times; the apalluk (verses) which are sung twice; and, the cauyarialnguq (displays motion to music with no singing) which is performed four times.
	www.bethelarts.com /facts/artofdance.html (0 words)

	East Asian Studies 210 Notes: Eskimo/Aleut
		The terms for bow and arrow in both language groups derive from a common source, but words relating to maritime hunting are entirely different in Eskimo and Aleut and thus must have developed separately, and after the move into the sea zone.
		Most Siberian Yupik are also fluent in Chukchi and Russian, and these languages seem destined eventually to replace what remains of the diverse Yupik dialects in Siberia.
		The Yupik, like their cousins on the other side of the Bering Strait, are famous for their sea hunting culture.
	pandora.cii.wwu.edu /vajda/ea210/aleut.htm (1965 words)

	Central Yup'ik and the Schools
		Yup'ik does not have articles corresponding to English "a" and "the." The difference between "the man shot a moose" and "the man shot the moose" is expressed in Yup'ik by using two different grammatical constructions which affect each word in the sentence.
		Yup'ik also has several hundred loan words from Russian, but these are all totally integrated into the language in that their phonology has become totally Yup'ik, though they still stand out, to the experienced ear, from nonloan words.
		Yup'ik villages are part of the same world as everyone else is, and the interests, talents, and dreams of Yup'ik schoolchildren are as varied and individual as those of children anywhere else.
	www.alaskool.org /language/central_yupik/yupik.html (9017 words)

	McClung Museum - ALWAYS GETTING READY: Yup'ik Eskimo Subsistence
		Yup'iks, faced by the demands of a difficult climate where hunger is a constant threat, have always been pragmatic and technologically adaptable.
		Central Yup'ik Eskimos call themselves yup'iit which means "real people." Yup'ik is the central language, although children learn English in school and from television, and many middle-aged people in the community are bilingual.
		Traditionally the Yup'iks were semi-nomadic, with family groups moving from one camp to another procuring various foods.
	mcclungmuseum.utk.edu /specex/yupik/yupik.htm (0 words)

	Siberian Yupik (Bering Straits Yupik) Angyapik
		This type of open skin boat is still used by the Yupik people of the Bering Straits region for whaling.
		The angyapik is primarily used to hunt bowhead whales.
		Yupik hunters still use traditional harpoons similar to those used in the late 1800s.
	www.alaskanative.net /344.asp (155 words)

	Yupik: Bibliographical guide
		Both Siberian Yupik and Naukan belong to the Yupik group of the Eskimo branch of the Eskaleut language family.
		The Yupik group, Old Sireniki and the Inuit group (spoken in the Northern part of Alaska, in Canada and in Greenland) constitute the Eskimo branch of the Eskaleut language family.
		Siberian Yupik speakers (or, according to the Russian scholarly tradition, speakers of the Chaplino language, or the Chaplino dialect of Asiatic Eskimo) live in the settlements of Novoje Chaplino, Sireniki, Providenija and Uelkal, and in the town of Anadyr, as well as in the villages of Gambell and Savoonga on St. Lawrence Island.
	www.tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp /Russia/bibl/Yupik.html (1494 words)

	Yupik (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The language of St. Lawrence Island is nearly identical to the language spoken across the Bering Strait on the tip of the Siberian Chukchi Peninsula.
		The total Siberian Yupik population in Alaska is about 1,100, and of that number about 1,050 speak the language.
		Of a population of about 900 Siberian Yupik people in Siberia, there are about 300 speakers, although no children learn it as their first language.
	www.flw.com /languages/yupiksiberian.htm (94 words)

	Alaskool - Many Tongues, Ancient Tales
		Siberian Yupik was spoken by the Eskimo along most of the east coast of the Chukchi Peninsula during the 19th century and perhaps also along its Arctic Ocean coast.
		Siberian Yupik was and still is not only the main Eskimo language of the Soviet Union, where it is known as Chaplinski, but is also virtually identical with the language of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, where it is now spoken by an even larger number of people, including most children.
		The Yupik chain was then broken between Asia and America not by the Bering Strait but by progressive Inuit occupation of Seward Peninsula, while on the Asiatic side Chukchi expanded into much of the coastline during the late prehistoric period.
	www.alaskool.org /language/manytongues/ManyTongues.html (3421 words)

	Stars & Stripes: Yupik Eskimos long for a taste of Alaska at Kuwait's Camp Virginia
		Many of the Yupik live in isolated, small villages where subsistence hunting, fishing and gathering is the main source of their diet.
		Yupik villages are fairly secluded from one another and the rest of the state, because there are no roads in southwestern Alaska.
		An important part of the Yupik social network is the steam bath, which is used not only for hygiene but also for mediation and relaxation.
	www.estripes.com /article.asp?section=104&article=42103 (1089 words)

	Eskimo-Aleut Language Family
		In the U.S., Yupik is rarely taught in schools with the inevitable result of low literacy rates and language loss.
		Yupik (Inupiaq) is written with the Latin alphabet in Alaska and with the Cyrillic alphabet in Siberia.
		In the 1960s, a group of scholars and native Yupik speakers came together at the University of Alaska to devise a Yupik orthography for an English computer keyboard, without accent marks or special symbols.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/october/EskimoAleut.html (965 words)

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