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	Yupik language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Yupik languages are in the family of Eskimo-Aleut languages.
		The largest dialect, General Central Yupik or Yugtun, is spoken in the Yukon River, Nelson Island, Kuskokwim River, and Bristol Bay areas.
		The Yupik languages were not written until the arrival of Europeans around the beginning of the 19th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yupik_language (830 words)

	Yupik - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Yupik or, in the Central Alaskan language, Yup'ik, are indigenous or aboriginal peoples who live along the coast of western Alaska, especially on the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta and along the Kuskokwim River (Central Alaskan Yupik), in southern Alaska (the Alutiiq) and in the Russian Far East and St.
		Yupik group dances are often with individuals staying stationary, with all the movement done with rhythmic upper body and arm movements accentuated with hand held dance fans very similar (oddly enough) to Cherokee dance fans.
		Yupik have some specific characteristics which were thought to differentiate them from the East Asians: dolichocephalic heads, stout bodies and dark phenotype.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yupik (566 words)

	White Dove's Native American Indian Site Eskimo (Yupik.Inupiat/inuit)
		The Yupik Eskimo formerly celebrated the Bladder Feast, which was a propitiation and a demonstration of respect for the seals caught during the year.
		Eskimos believed that animals would give themselves voluntarily to the hunter who acted properly toward them, and the purpose of many ritual practices was in fact to show respect for and give thanks to the spirits of animals taken for food.
		Another Eskimo belief was that the spirits of whales, after spending time in the human community, returned to their home under the sea and reported on the human behaviors they had observed to the other whales, their reports, in turn, had an effect on the spring whale hunt.
	users.multipro.com /whitedove/encyclopedia/eskimo-yupik-inupiat-inuit.html (2208 words)

	Eskimo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Eskimo are the native inhabitants of the seacoasts of the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of North America and the northeastern tip of Siberia.
		Courage and hardihood were emphasized in the training of young Eskimo, as was a strong sense of fatalism in facing the disappointments and frustrations of life, such as the death of loved ones.
		Traditional Eskimo subsistence patterns were closely geared to the annual cycle of changing seasons, the most important feature of which was the appearance and disappearance of solid ice on the sea.
	www.alaskan.com /docs/eskimo.html (3170 words)

	Eskimo-Aleut Language Family
		In the U.S., Yupik is rarely taught in schools with the inevitable result of low literacy rates and language loss.
		Yupik (Inupiaq) is written with the Latin alphabet in Alaska and with the Cyrillic alphabet in Siberia.
		In the 1960s, a group of scholars and native Yupik speakers came together at the University of Alaska to devise a Yupik orthography for an English computer keyboard, without accent marks or special symbols.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/october/EskimoAleut.html (939 words)

	East Asian Studies 210 Notes: Eskimo/Aleut
		The Eskimo are actually a vast group of related tribes who live in an area stretching from the Siberian Arctic across Canada to Greenland.
		Eskimo groups in Siberia call themselves Yupigyt, a term which means "authentic people" (from yuk, person) It has become more customary for ethnographers to refer to them as Siberian Yupik (instead of "Siberian Eskimo").
		The Yupik, like their cousins on the other side of the Bering Strait, are famous for their sea hunting culture.
	pandora.cii.wwu.edu /vajda/ea210/aleut.htm (1965 words)

	Copper Eskimo
		The "Copper Eskimo" is one of the traditional groups of seminomatic people which inhabited the Coronation Gulf area in Canada.
		All of the eskimo tribes that inhabited the Arctic coastline from the Bering Sea to Greenland, and the Chukehi Peninsula in NE Siberia were: the Siberian, St. Lawrence Island, Nunivak, Chugach, Nunamiut, North Alaska, Mackenzie, Copper, Caribou, Netsilik, Iglulik, Baffinland, Coastal Labrador, Polar, and East and West Greenland.
		Eskimo refers to all native Eskimo-speakers [Yupik and Inupik], and the modern and historic Canadian Inupik speakers are called "Inuit".)
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/northamerica/copper_eskimo.html (1094 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The political separation of the Yupik communities, followed by the Americans invasion of the CAY territory in the late 1880s and consolidation of the Soviet power in Chukotka in the early 1920s, signalled a major turn in the evolution of the Yupik Eskimo people, their culture and their languages.
		The main purpose of the fieldwork was to investigating the use of the Yupik language among the Yupik Eskimo population in the villages Novoe Chaplino and Sireniki by means of qualitative and quantitative methods.
		For instance, in Chukotka, the decrease of Eskimos’ sense of cultural identity was accompanied by the decrease of native language use (and shift towards the majority language), and vice versa, the increase of cultural self-awareness among the Siberian Eskimos in the recent times has improved the position of the Eskimo language.
	www.hum.ku.dk /ipssas/Morgounovapap.doc (6617 words)

	Jesup Exhibition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Yupik (Asiatic Eskimo) live along the eastern shore of the Chukchi Peninsula and in Alaska on Saint Lawrence Island.
		Yupik folklore speaks of armed encounters, usually provoked by the neighboring Chukchi whom the Yupik characterized as hot-tempered and grudge bearing in contrast to their own self-image as peaceful and good-humored.
		Yupik had contact with Russians from the 17th century and with American whalers somewhat later, but missionaries were not active in this region.
	www.amnh.org /exhibitions/Jesup/G24.html (436 words)

	McClung Museum - ALWAYS GETTING READY: Yup'ik Eskimo Subsistence
		Yup'iks, faced by the demands of a difficult climate where hunger is a constant threat, have always been pragmatic and technologically adaptable.
		Central Yup'ik Eskimos call themselves yup'iit which means "real people." Yup'ik is the central language, although children learn English in school and from television, and many middle-aged people in the community are bilingual.
		Traditionally the Yup'iks were semi-nomadic, with family groups moving from one camp to another procuring various foods.
	mcclungmuseum.utk.edu /specex/yupik/yupik.htm (849 words)

	Eskimo dance troupe will give two performances (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Nunamta, a Yupik Eskimo dance troupe, will be on campus as artists-in-residence during the 22nd Annual Stanford Powwow, May 7 to May 10.
		Sponsored by the Alaska Native Students Association "to share an important aspect of traditional Yupik Eskimo culture and to foster cross-cultural understanding," the performances are open to the public.
		While the Yupik culture is related to North American Indian cultures, it is distinct from them and also from other Eskimo cultures, and is most closely related to the Siberian Yupik, said Cooke.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/news/pr/93/930504Arc3279.html (268 words)

	Eskimo - Arctic Studies Center
		This population is further subdivided into two groups: the Inupiat (Inupiaq in the singular) for Native Alaskans from the north and northwest, and Yupik and Siberian Yupik for those in the southwest and St. Lawrence Island.
		When the "Ice Curtain" was in place, the two halves of the Yupik population were cut off from each other, but the mountainous Soviet coast constantly reminded St. Lawrence islanders that there were friends and kin on the other side.
		I was among the twenty Yupik passengers on that flight.
	www.mnh.si.edu /arctic/features/croads/modeskim.html (440 words)

	Alaska Native Language Center -- Comparative Yupik and Inuit
		Four distinct Yupik (or Western Eskimo) languages are spoken along the shores of the Gulf of Alaska, in southwestern Alaska, and on the easternmost tip of Siberia.
		The Inuit (or Eastern Eskimo) language continuum is spoken in northern Alaska, Canada, and Greenland.
		Another Eskimo language, the virtually extinct Sirenikski of Siberia, is usually grouped with the Yupik languages although it may actually constitute a third distinct branch.
	www.uaf.edu /anlc/yupik_inuit.html (379 words)

	TRAVELING BETWEEN CONTINENTS: THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF INTERETHNIC CONTACTS ACROSS BERING STRAIT. AEER 13 (2), 1995
		The Eskimo communities of Naukan and Big Diomede are now both abandoned and the overwhelming majority of their former residents lives now in Anadyr, Provideniya, Lavrentiya, Lorino, and Uelen.
		Uelen was and is, besides being an "Eskimo asylum," a predominantly Chukchi village.
		Between the Yupik speakers of Naukan and the and Inupiaq speakers of the Diomede slands there was an approximately equal level of bilingualism which probably reflects a more balanced social relationship.
	condor.depaul.edu /~rrotenbe/aeer/aeer13_2/Schweitzer.html (3630 words)

	ESKIMOS IN ALASKA
		Many Eskimo families live on the tundra along the coast and still live a subsistence lifestyle much like their ancestors did.
		Subsistence means that the Eskimos hunt and fish and gather much of their food.
		Eskimo women gather the berries and plants and cut and store the food the hunters bring home.
	www.edhelper.com /ReadingComprehension_49_26.html (287 words)

	Eskimo Dictionary, Eskimo Fonts, Eskimo Grammar, Eskimo Movies/Videos\|Documentary, Eskimo OCR, Eskimo Reference, Eskimo ...
		Eskimo is spoken over a vast area extending from Greenland across Canada and Alaska, and into Siberia.
		Yupik, or variations thereof, is also spoken in Siberia.
		The Eskimos call themselves inuit, or "people." The word Eskimo comes from the language of the Cree Indians—their immediate neigh-bors to the south in the area of Hudson Bay—and means "eaters of raw flesh." Igloo and kayak are two Eskimo words that have entered the English language.
	www.worldlanguage.com /Languages/Eskimo.htm (455 words)

	Yupik - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Yupik or, in the Central Alaskan language, Yup'ik, are aboriginal people who live along the coast of western Alaska, especially on the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta and along the Kuskokwim River (Central Alaskan Yupik), in southern Alaska (the Alutiiq) and in the Russian Far East and St.
		Many families still harvest the traditional subsistence resources, especially salmon and seal.
		You can find it there under the keyword Yupik (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupik)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yupikandaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Yupik (500 words)

	Nikolai Vakhtin (European U. at St. Petersburg) - Siberian Yupik Eskimo conversation book. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		When Yupik Eskimo was introduced into the Siberian school curriculum in the 1930s, all the children spoke it as their mother tongue and had only to learn how to write and read it.
		With the lifting of the Iron Curtain, it is now possible for Yupiks to visit their relatives on either side.
		Ironically, the only common language now is Yupik, even though the Russians speak it haltingly or only listen to it.
	sapir.ling.yale.edu /~elf/vakhtin.html (222 words)

	The Eskimo-Aleut language of Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Which Eskimo dialect you speak also seems to have an impact on the number of words used for snow as does the fact that Eskimo is polysynthetic.
		In her article, the author mentions that there are two Eskimo languages (Yupik and Inuktitut) which are spoken from Greenland to Siberia.
		The author states that the failure to distinguish between nouns and verbs is in fact a myth and that what is really happening is that the difference is so subtle, early linguists decided to overlook it.
	www.unh.edu /linguistics/courses/790CS/annotations/HW2/Aleut.Malena.HW2.htm (575 words)

	SiberianYupik
		The people of St. Lawrence Island are the only Siberian Yupik Eskimos in the United States of America.
		Their language is called Siberian Yupik and it is only spoken on St. Lawrence Island and in mainland Siberia.
		One of the most exciting times for the Siberian Yupik Eskimo is the springtime.
	library.thinkquest.org /3877/SiberianYupik.html (568 words)

	Canku Ota - May 18, 2002 - School Reaches Out to Embrace Native Roots
		The changes are an attempt by the administration to bridge the gap between the school and the community.
		Gutierrez and his staff are integrating the Yupik culture into the school's curriculum wherever possible.
		James Gump, a Yupik elder, teaches students songs and dances of their ancestors.
	www.turtletrack.org /Issues02/Co05182002/CO_05182002_Yupik.htm (772 words)

	Inuit Indians - Crystalinks
		However, the Yupik are not Inuit in the sense of being descended from the Thule and prefer to be called Yupik or Eskimo.
		The English word "Eskimo" is a Native American word which is widely believed to mean "eater of raw meat" (although this meaning is disputed).
		The Eskimo, or Inuit, people inhabit the land stretching from southeast Alaska to Greenland, an environment that heavily influenced a mythology filled with adventure tales of whale and walrus hunts.
	www.crystalinks.com /inuit.html (3494 words)

	Russian Mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Vaska brothers are skilled hunters and fishermen in the Yupik Eskimo tradition—a native subsistence culture dating back thousands of years.
		Moments like these illustrate that the Yupik people have their own education system, and a deep body of knowledge, developed over thousands of years of working together to subsist from the land and water.
		Bupsie’s equanimity reflects the maturity of the Yupik students—qualities that quickly caught the attention of educators.
	www.whatkidscando.org /featurestories/russianmission.html (2423 words)

	Eskimo Words for 'Snow'
		When you pose a question as ill-defined as "How many Eskimo words for snow are there?" Woodbury observes, you run into major problems not just determining the answer to the apparently empirical "How many" part but with the other parts: how to interpret the terms "Eskimo", "words", and "for snow".
		The languages that the Eskimo people speak around the top of the world, in places as far apart as Siberia, Alaska, Canada, and Greenland, differ quite a lot in details of vocabulary.
		It was in connection with this point that discussion of Eskimo words for snow first arose (in the writings of two major 20th Century anthropological linguists, Franz Boas and Benjamin Lee Whorf).
	www.andrew.cmu.edu /course/88-301/introduction/eskimo_snow_words.html (1513 words)

	UW Press: Search Books in Print
		Their history is a record of family and kin, and of the interrelationship between those who live in Gambell and the spiritual world on which they depend; it is a history dominated by an abiding desire for community survival.
		She draws on extensive interviews with villagers, archival records, and scholarly studies, as well as on her own ten years of fieldwork in Gambell to demonstrate the central importance of three aspects of Yupik life: religious beliefs, devotion to a subsistence life way, and family and clan ties.
		Jolles documents the life and livelihood of this modern community of marine mammal hunters and explores the ways in which religion is woven into the lives of community members, paying particular attention to the roles of women.
	www.washington.edu /uwpress/search/books/JOLFAC.html (400 words)

	GeoNative - Alaskan and Siberian Eskimos - Inupiaq - Yupik - Aleut
		The Yupik Inuit of Alaska are kin of the Russian-Siberian Inuit, also Yupik, and are divided in 3 subgroups (Central Yupik, Central Siberian Yupik and Pacific Gulf Yupik).
		Central Siberian Yupik is also spoken: there are 300 speakers out of an ethnic group of 1.500 in Siberia (Russia), and around 1.000 speakers in Alaska.
		The spelling Yup'ik is the native form of Central Alaskan Yupik, not to be applied to the other groups.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/9479/inupiaq.html (858 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Middle East \| Israel's first Eskimo soldier
		Eighteen-year-old Eva Ben Sira is training to become a squad commander in the Negev desert - a far cry from the frozen wastes of her homeland.
		Eva was born to a Yupik Eskimo mother and a Cherokee American father before being adopted by an Israeli couple.
		After nearly a decade in Israel, Eva has forgotten the smattering of Yupik she spoke as a child, but with her long fl hair and almond-shaped eyes, she has retained her ethnic looks.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/middle_east/3288515.stm (518 words)

	Inuit Juggling
		When and how the Eskimos first developed their juggling skills is uncertain, but the evidence available seems to point to the development of this pastime within the Eskimo culture, rather than being introduced by western society.
		It appears that juggling was just for fun and done by the girls and young women in the Eskimo villages, while the boys and men were usually busy learning and sharpening their hunting skills.
		In their book Yupik Eskimo Songs, Thomas Johnstone and Tupou Pulu write "fast rhythmic songs for the pebble-juggling game were heard by the earliest Arctic explorers...
	www.juggling.org /museum/ethnography/inuit.html (633 words)

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