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Topic: Yurok language

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	Yurok Indian Tribe History
		The territory of the Yurok extended from Bluff Creek 6 miles above the mouth of the Trinity, down Klamath River to its mouth, and on the coast from beyond Wilson creek, 6 miles north of the mouth of the Klamath, too probably Shad river.
		Along Klamath river the Yurok language was everywhere uniform, but along the Coast south of the mouth of the Klamath there were three slightly varying dialects, one spoken at Gold bluff, one at Redwood creek, and a third at Trinidad, the last differing most from that of the river.
		The Yurok are fairly tall for Pacific Coast Indians (168 (cm.) and considerably above the average Californian in stature.
	www.accessgenealogy.com /native/tribes/yurokindianhist.htm (864 words)

	Yurok language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term "Yurok" is also used to mean the indigenous Yurok tribe of northwestern California.
		The standard reference on the Yurok language is the grammar by Robins (1958).
		This Indigenous languages of the Americas-related article is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yurok (285 words)

	Algic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most Algic languages are part of the Algonquian subfamily, which are spoken from the Rocky Mountains to New England.
		The other Algic languages are the Yurok and Wiyot languages of northwestern California.
		Yurok is thought to have ten or fewer speakers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Algic_languages (322 words)

	Yurok Language Project
		The Yurok language is spoken in northwestern California, as it has been spoken for centuries, along the Klamath River from Wechpus (Weitchpec) to Rek'woy (Requa) and south along the Pacific coast to Churey (Trinidad).
		Neighboring languages include Tolowa (north along the coast), Wiyot (south along the coast), Chilula (in the hills south of the Klamath), Hupa (along the Trinity River, which meets the Klamath at Wechpus), and Karok (upriver along the Klamath; "Yurok" itself is a Karok word for "downriver").
		Yurok is distantly related to its neighbor Wiyot, and to languages belonging to the Algonquian language family spoken across central and eastern North America; the Algonquian languages include Blackfoot, Cree, Ojibwe, and many others.
	www.linguistics.berkeley.edu /~yurok (268 words)

	California's biggest tribe draws losing hand on Indian gaming : ICT [2007/01/08]
		The way the Yuroks' gaming efforts have been thwarted for years, both through bureaucratic slip-ups and in the crossfire of larger political feuds in the state Capitol, is the story of a tribe beset by misfortunes as confounding as any in the state.
		In the delicate words of the Yuroks' deputy executive director, Reweti Wiki, the tribe's journey is analogous to the childhood misadventure story of 'Lemony Snicket.' ''It's been a series of unfortunate events,'' he said, forcing a smile through clenched teeth.
		In the Yurok language, the tribe's name means ''downriver.'' And there's perhaps no better word for the way the Yurok have been pushed down by the currents of power and politics over hundreds of years.
	www.indiancountry.com /content.cfm?id=1096414297 (1536 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		It is the traditional language of the Yurok tribe of northwestern California, U.S., most of whom now speak English.
		As of 2000 among the speakers of the language were 75 individuals between the ages of 5 and 17, including 10 with limited English proficiency.
		The standard reference on the Yurok language is the grammar by Robins (1958).
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Yurok_language (228 words)

	The Yurok (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Yurok tribe settled at the mouth of the Klamath River and the Pacific coast.
		The Yurok tribe had a highly advanced monetary system which was based on the shell of the dentalium.
		In accordance to Es Curtis, author of The North American Indian, “Yurok religious practices are founded on the belief that ages ago the earth was inhabited by a race of prenaturals in human form.” The Yurok’s practice the annual World Renewal Ceremonies.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/northamerica/yurok.html (544 words)

	HARRY ROBERTS: Yurok Medicine Man
		Robert Spott was the last full chief of the Yuroks and he presented Harry with a series of tests which were necessary to prepare him for the role of tribal leadership.
		Even though the Pomos and the Yuroks have different cultures, there are similarities in their approach to Shamanism and how they recognize and cultivate the talents of a candidate who might become their next Shaman.
		The Yurok used two languages, the one that everyone used, and the one that was used in private circumstances.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/bodhisattva/roberts.html (3616 words)

	[No title]
		Their language is related to some other languages spoken in northwestern California, but also of the same language family of peoples in interior Alaska and Canada, and the Apache and Navajo in the Southwest.
		Although their language is a subgroup of the Uto-Aztecan language family, which is widespread throughout the state, the Tubatulabal language is very different from neighboring languages of this type.
		Their language is not one of the usual California languages, but is of the Algonquian language family, related to languages spoken throughout large areas of eastern North America.
	infodome.sdsu.edu /research/guides/calindians/calinddictty.shtml?print (4485 words)

	Yurok Language and the Yurok Indian Tribe (Olekwo'l)
		Language: Yurok is an Algic language of Northern California, spoken by only a handful of elders there.
		(It should not be confused with the unrelated Siberian language Nenets, sometimes also called "Yurok.") Yurok is related to Wiyot but not to the other languages of Northern California--known to linguists as the Ritwan languages, Wiyot and Yurok are actually distant relatives of Algonquian languages like Ojibway and Cree.
		("Yurok" means, in fact, "downriver," in the language of the Karoks who lived at its other end.) Unlike most native peoples of the west coast, the Yuroks are Algonquian speakers.
	www.native-languages.org /yurok.htm (322 words)

	Facts for Kids: Yurok Indians (Yuroks)
		We encourage students, especially older kids, to look through our Yurok language and culture pages for more in-depth information about the tribe, but here are some straightforward answers to the questions we are most often asked by children, with Yurok pictures and links we believe are especially suitable for all ages.
		Yurok hunters primarily used bows and arrows, and fishermen used spears.
		Yurok artists are known for their fine basketry and woodcarving arts.
	www.geocities.com /bigorrin/yurok_kids.htm (1225 words)

	[No title]
		It was found that the majority of such names in Yurok consist of unanalyzable single morphemes, while the majority in Hupa are ÒdescriptiveÓ combinations of several morphemes; the Karuk language lies between the two others.
		This diversity of language, however, was associated with relative uniformity of culture; most of the region can be classified as belonging to a single culture area.
		But their languages are not merely alien to each other; they belong to three of the major American linguistic groups, each with an immense distribution in the northern continent.
	www.ncidc.org /bright/berkeley03-1-30.doc (1039 words)

	Article Archives: Yurok and Wiyot Language Bibliography
		Baker, Marc A. The ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa, and Karok Indians of Northwestern California.
		The languages of the coast of California north of SF.
		The Algonkin affinity of Yurok and Wiyot kinship terms JSAP 15: 37-74.
	www.geocities.com /bigorrin/archive14.htm (811 words)

	Learning Yurok: An Outline of Grammar
		The one we use is different from the New Yurok Alphabet adopted by the Yurok Tribe, but if you are used to the NYA it should be easy to read words here; in addition, our online dictionary and texts always give NYA spellings in brackets after our spelling.
		This means that each "phoneme" or basic element of a language's sound system is written in the same way even when it has a slightly different pronunciation.
		Spoken language and texts remain the intellectual and cultural property of their creators.
	corpus.linguistics.berkeley.edu /~yurok/web/LY/LY-1.6.html (628 words)

	California Native Americans
		Their traditional language is no longer spoken (the last native speaker of a Chumash language died in 1965), but was one of five closely related Hokan languages.
		The Yurok survived in a variety of ways, from coastal-tideland gathering of fish and shellfish, to salmon fishing along the major rivers in the area, to the gathering of plants and killing of game.
		The Yurok population was roughly 3,000 in the early the 1700’s.
	www.fresno.k12.ca.us /schools/s031/resources/rm8cana.htm (1262 words)

	Native American Language Net: Preserving and promoting indigenous American Indian languages
		We are a small non-profit organization dedicated to the survival of Native American languages, particularly through the use of Internet technology.
		If a link is dead, or you have one to add, or if there is a mistake on our site you would like to correct, information you would like us to add, or admiration you wish to express, here is our contact page, also with answers to frequently asked questions.
		Actually, Native American languages do not belong to a single Amerindian family, but 25-30 small ones; they are usually discussed together because of the small numbers of natives speaking most of these languages and how little is known about many of them.
	www.native-languages.org (1207 words)

	American Indian Language Families: Algic, Algonquin, Wiyot, and Yurok Index
		The Algic languages (also known as Algonquian-Wiyot-Yurok or Algonquian-Ritwan) are an indigenous language family of North America.
		Wiyot and Yurok do not seem to be any more similar to each other than either language is to Algonquian languages.
		Algonquian is a language group, not a tribe of Indians
	www.aaanativearts.com /tribes_by_language.htm (295 words)

	Language- Hoopa Valley Tribe
		The Hupa language is one of California's Athabaskan languages.
		The Athabaskan languages are very distinctive in their structure and complexity.
		Much of the Hupa Language although complex in linguistics, is relatively easy to improvise once you have mastered the basic principles of word formation.
	www.hoopa-nsn.gov /culture/language.htm (222 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:YUR
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005).
		Ethnologue data from Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 14th Edition
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=YUR (63 words)

	06.04.2004 - Conferences focus on saving native languages
		BERKELEY – Chochenyo, the language of the Muwekma Ohlone people, has been silent since the 1930s, but a handful of tribal members working with mentors from the University of California, Berkeley's linguistics department are bringing it back to life.
		Blevins then listened to all Miwok and Yokut recordings available at the Berkeley Language Center, because their sounds and structures are believed to be similar to Chochenyo.
		Of the 175 indigenous languages in the United States, children are speaking fewer than 20 of them at home, said Hinton, and the demand for help to save endangered languages is outpacing the resources.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2004/06/04_chocenyo.shtml (1200 words)

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		The Yurok language: Structure, history, and context (Six 1.5hr-lectures)
		Yurok is a severely endangered language of northwestern California.
		Fieldwork and the archives: Yurok linguistics at Berkeley
	humanities.uchicago.edu /depts/linguistics/abstract/yurok.html (64 words)

	Algonquian Language Family (Algonkian Indian Languages, Algic, Algonquian Indians, Algonquians)
		Though these languages are most properly known as 'Algic' to linguists (Wiyot and Yurok are not considered closely related enough to qualify as Algonquian, and the broader category Algic includes them as well), 'Algonquian' (also spelled 'Algonkian') is the general term most often used by the Native American people who speak them.
		Algonquian Indian languages are not related to Ancient Egyptian, Hebrew, or other Semitic languages; this data was faked.
		Algonquian Indian language distribution and the migration of the Algonquians.
	www.native-languages.org /famalg.htm (239 words)

	Yurok (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Summary of the Yurok Indians, their culture and history.
		Yurok language information and the culture, history and genealogy of the Yurok Indians.
		Wiyot language information and the culture, history and genealogy of the Wiyot Indians.
	lin.bloggerscape.com /Yurok (201 words)

	[No title]
		The Yurok are now making a comeback in their language, although only 12 people still speak it fluently.
		The Yurok language is still currently being spoken fluently by only 12 remaining tribal members.
		Sine the Hoopa and Yurok cultures are similar, their artifacts are often mislabled and lwhen you think you are looking at a Hoopa artifact, it could actually be a Yurok artifact.
	sorrel.humboldt.edu /~go1/kellogg/studentpapers.html (3387 words)

	Native Americans: Yurok History and Culture
		As a complement to our Yurok language information, we would like to share our collection of indexed links about the Yurok people and various aspects of their society.
		Yurok history is interesting and important, but the Yurok are still here today, too, and we try to feature modern writers as well as traditional folklore, contemporary art as well as museum pieces, and the issues and struggles of today as well as the tragedies of yesterday.
		The Yurok and Hupa of the Northern Coast:
	www.native-languages.org /yurok_culture.htm (384 words)

	Five Views: An Ethnic Historic Site Survey for California (American Indians)
		Re-kwoi was once a thriving Yurok Indian village of approximately 25 houses and 14 sweathouses.
		Tension increased as more outsiders entered Yurok territory, and the inevitable outcome was conflict and killing between Yuroks and Whites.
		The Yurok fished on the extension along the Klamath River until 1964, when the Department of Fish and Game began arresting them and confiscating their nets.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/5views/5views1h70.htm (795 words)

	Speaking of Language
		Persons Speaking a Language Other than English at Home, 2000 - Language Persons 5 years old and over who speak language Population, 5 years and over 262,375,152...
		Yurok - Yurok, Native North Americans who in the mid-19th cent.
		Pueblo, indigenous people of North America: Language - Language The Pueblo speak languages of at least two different families.
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0769282.html (160 words)

	Heritage Languages in America - Programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		An online collection of profiles of heritage language programs within and beyond the formal education system is underway so that programs can learn from each other.
		The plan calls for the hiring of a linguist fluent in the Oneida language to assist members in learning the language.
		The Yurok Tribe is working to implement a Yurok Language immersion program for the Head Start programs that serve children on the reservation and neighboring the reservation.
	www.cal.org /heritage/programs (459 words)

	Yurok — (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Open Language Archives Community (OLAC) is an international partnership of institutions and individuals who are creating a worldwide virtual library of language resources.
		The LINGUIST List is dedicated to providing information on language and language analysis, and to providing the discipline of linguistics with the infrastructure necessary to function in the digital world.
		Its purpose is to create and distribute a free international encyclopedia in as many languages as possible.
	www.rosettaproject.org /archive/yur (185 words)

	What's New at Native Languages of the Americas
		We have also added vocabulary lists for some new languages, and are currently pondering what to do about long-extinct languages of which we have nothing remaining but vocabulary lists written down by non-native people centuries ago.
		The Miami and Illinois tribes spoke the same language, but they are distinct tribes with different culture and history, so now we have new Miami and Illini pages.
		This week I split our Native Languages of the Americas homepage so it will be faster-loading and hopefully easier to use: the alphabetical master list of Indian tribes and the page of Native American society and culture are now separate.
	www.native-languages.org /new.htm (2846 words)

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