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Topic: Z specification language

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	Z notation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Z notation (universally pronounced zed, named after Zermelo-Fränkel set theory) is a formal specification language used for describing and modelling computing systems.
		All expressions in Z notation are typed, thereby avoiding some of the paradoxes of naive set theory.
		Z notation was used in the IBM CICS project.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Z_specification_language (200 words)

	[No title]
		Z is typically used for human-readable formal specification whereas HOL is used for machine-checked verification.
		Z as defined in the 2nd edition of {\em The Z Notation} \cite{z:spiv92} is used throughout.
		With this approach, programming language constructs, such as expressions and statements, are viewed as objects, with the result that the abstract syntax, static and dynamic semantics of individual language constructs become encapsulated in one class.
	archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk /z/z.bib (2316 words)

	Specification language -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A specification language is a (Click link for more info and facts about formal language) formal language used in (The branch of engineering science that studies (with the aid of computers) computable processes and structures) computer science.
		Unlike most ((computer science) a language designed for programming computers) programming languages, which are directly executable formal languages used to implement a system, specification languages are used during (Click link for more info and facts about system analysis) system analysis and (A decorative or artistic work) design.
		Specification languages are generally not directly executed, although research has been done in this area.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sp/specification_language.htm (231 words)

	FORMAL SPECIFICATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		An example on the use of the Z specification language was given in class.
		This example illustrates the use of the Z specification language to specify a simple editor that can insert a character, delete a character to the left of the cursor (backspace) and move the cursor either to the left or right.
		Formal specification languages as defined are very necessary as they can reveal inconsistencies and ambiguities in the requirements much earlier in the development process.
	www.enel.ucalgary.ca /~ngolah/SENG611.FORMALSPEC.htm (654 words)

	Formal Specification Languages
		Specification languages for describing concurrent systems are sometimes implicitly based on a specific (though perhaps implicit) model for concurrency.
		The the Z specification language is at bottom a typed set theory which could therefore have been positioned as a foundational specification language were it not that its use has predominantly been advocated in a free-wheeling axiomatic manner and no rules are enunciated to permit specification by conservative extension.
		Two examples of such hybrid notations are RSL the specification language associated with the RAISE development methods, and LOTOS, a specification notation intended originally for the specification of communication protocols.
	www.rbjones.com /rbjpub/cs/csfm02.htm (998 words)

	Z bibliography - search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A published Z specification is rewritten using the form of decomposition familiar to programmers.
		The specification process was part of a life-cycle characterized by the front- loading of effort in the specification stage and the inclusion of a statistical testing stage.
		Z is supplemented, primarily with automata and grammars, to provide a rigorous and systematic mapping from input stimuli to convenient operations and arguments for the Z specification.
	archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk /cgi-bin/htgrep/file=/archive/z/z.bib&style=pre&grab=yes&max=250?@Article (3777 words)

	uml vs. object-z (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Section 6 is a translation from UML specification to Object-Z. specification of the CRS is informal and not as integrated and concise as the Z specification.
		It is roughly an assertion language in UML.
		Object-Z is an OO extension of the formal language Z.
	www.cs.waikato.ac.nz /~sw19/papers/555_report.htm (7893 words)

	Specification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A language that is used for a very specific abstraction level will not be used very often and won't grow or be extended because of its restricted initial domain.
		While many specification languages are meant to help an algorithm or system designer prove the correctness of their artifact, many of the most popular languages today have nothing to do with formally assisting in the development of correct and complete systems.
		Z's notation is a combination of operators from set theory, mathematical logic, functional programming collection types, predicate calculus, number theory, and some special symbols reminiscent of knowledge representation languages.
	www.infospheres.caltech.edu /~kiniry/projects/ms_thesis/ms_thesis/node5.html (3901 words)

	The Z Specification Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Z specification language was developed mainly at Oxford University which hosts the WWW Virtual Library: The Z notation web page, probably the most comprehensive electronic source of information available on Z. The Z specification language is at its heart a typed first-order set theory.
		It is therefore highly expressive, and supports many different methods or styles of formal specification as well as those which are traditionally associated with Z. The use of Z has been predominantly for model oriented specification, using special features on the language introduced for this purpose and called "schemas".
		The Z notation has special features, in the schema calculus and elsewhere, which support the use of schemas as model oriented specifications of operations.
	www.rbjones.com /rbjpub/cs/csfm03.htm (156 words)

	The World Wide Web Virtual Library: The Z notation
		Z is a formal (i.e., mathematical) specification notation used by industry (especially in high-integraity systems) as part of the software (and hardware) development process in both Europe and the US.
		A shallow embedding of Z in the higher-order logic theorem prover Isabelle.
		ZTC is a Z type-checker available free of charge for educational and non-profit uses.
	vl.zuser.org (1890 words)

	ZML: An XML markup for the Z specification language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		To allow for evolution of the ZML format, each Z specification file (spec.xml) should specify which version of the ZML format it is using, by including a version="Major.Minor" attribute in the tag.
		For example, a specification might be parsed and typechecked by one tool, then passed to another tool (in XML format) which expands schema calculus and puts predicates into disjunctive normal form, then passed to another tool (in XML format) which generates test cases from each disjunct.
		A disadvantage is that XML files are large (at least 20 times larger than the Z specification source), which makes transfer between tools a reasonably costly operation.
	czt.sourceforge.net /zml (855 words)

	Z Computers, Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Z User Group: ZUG Promotes use and development of Z formal specification language.
		The Z Notation The formal specification notation Z is based on Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory and first order predicate logic.
		Z Family on the Web with Their UML Photos Treats building lightweight tools such as Web browser systems for formal specifications and methods.
	www.morrisarearedcross.org /bWFfOTAzODk3.aspx (494 words)

	Sample: The Formal Specification Language Z
		The Z (pronounced Zed) language is a formal specification language that makes it easier to write mathematical description of complex dynamic systems such as software.
		Z was developed in Paris, France and Oxford, England.
		A minor problem with the spread of Z is that it is designed as language to be written rather than as a language to be input into a computer.
	www.csci.csusb.edu /dick/samples/z.html (306 words)

	Directory - Computers: Programming: Languages: Z: Books
		Formal Specification and Documentation using Z: A Case Study Approach · cached · By Jonathan Bowen; International Thomson Publishing, 1996, ISBN 1850322309.
		Z: An Introduction to Formal Methods · iweb · cached · By Antoni Diller; John Wiley and Sons, 1994, ISBN 0471939730, 2nd edition.
		Understanding Z: A Specification Language and its Formal Semantics · By J.M. Spivey; Cambridge University Press, 1988, ISBN 0521334292.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=905115 (473 words)

	0657.424B: Advanced Software Engineering, 2001
		A major theme of the course is how precise specifications (we use the Z formal specification language) can help you to produce better software cost-effectively.
		It supports typechecking and theorem proving for the Z specification language, and is probably the most highly automated Z theorem prover currently available.
		An introduction to formal specifications and the Z specification language.
	www.cs.waikato.ac.nz /~stever/424 (1175 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: The Object-Z Specification Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Object-Z is an object-oriented extension of the formal specification language Z. It adds to Z notions of classes and objects, and inheritance and polymorphism.
		By extending Z's semantic basis, it enables the specification of systems as collections of independent objects in which self and mutual referencing are possible.
		The Object-Z Specification Language presents a comprehensive description of Object-Z including discussions of semantic issues, definitions of all language constructs, type rules and other rules of usage, specification guidelines, and a full concrete syntax.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0792386841 (215 words)

	Computers Programming Languages Z Directory IndiaPress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Z Family on the Web with Their UML Photos - Treats building lightweight tools such as Web browser systems for formal specifications and methods.
		The Z Notation - The formal specification notation Z is based on Zermelo+Fraenkel set theory and first order predicate logic.
		The Z Notation - The World Wide Web Virtual Library entry for the Z formal specification language, providing links to resources around the world.
	www.indiapress.org /directory/Computers-Programming-Languages-Z.html (500 words)

	A case study on software development using formal methods (indexing)
		This project is focused on using the Z Specification Language to develop a software system.
		The Z Specification Language is a tool for defining a system using formal methods.
		The data types and the algorithms of the system were defined using the Z Specification Language at the abstract level.
	www.cs.dal.ca /news/def-1407.shtml (283 words)

	Welcome to CZT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Community Z Tools (CZT) project is building a set of tools for editing, typechecking and animating formal specifications written in the Z specification language, with some support for Z extensions such as Object-Z and TCOZ.
		[Adapted from Andrew Martin's original CZT proposal] The Z specification language was adopted as an ISO standard in 2002.
		The number of times a request for a Z parser arises in the Z newsgroup suggests lots of people are producing tools, most of which will never be seen outside their own institute.
	czt.sourceforge.net (462 words)

	Formal Specification
		Z is a specification languages based on set theory
		The real Z uses about a million symbols (slight exaggeration), but HTML is limited in it's character set (at least if we want to be platform independent).
		In Z, if you don't say a variable stays the same (or you can't prove it), then it is free to change in any unpredictable way.
	sern.ucalgary.ca /courses/cpsc/451/W03/FormalSpecs.html (1212 words)

	Learn more about Program specification in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		You are here: Online Encyclopedia > Program specification
		A program specification is the definition of what a computer program is expected to do.
		It can be informal, in which case it can be considered as a blueprint or user manual from a developer point of view, or formal, in which case it has a definite meaning defined in mathematical or programmatic terms.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /p/pr/program_specification.html (153 words)

	Software Development (Formal Methods and the Z language) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Z is used for describing and modelling computing systems.
		Possum is a "animator of formal specifications written in the Z notation" and was produced by the Software Verification Research Centre.
		The book "Using Z, Specification Refinement, and Proof" by Jim Wookcock and Jim Davies is one of the standard textbooks on the subject of Z notation.
	www.acmerocket.org /sd_formal_methods.html (435 words)

	Object-Z Web Environment and Projections to UML
		Object-Z [8, 14] is an object-oriented extension to Z [18] and has an active research community but lacks of tools support.
		Object-Z is an extension of the Z formal specification language to accommodate object orientation.
		The essential extension to Z in Object-Z is the class construct which groups the definition of a state schema and the definitions of its associated operations.
	www10.org /cdrom/papers/182 (4132 words)

	The Object-Z Specification Language: Version 1 (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Abstract: This report presents Version 1 of Object-Z, an extension to the specification language Z, which facilitates the specification of systems in an object-oriented style.
		150 A specification language and its formal semantics (context) - Spivey - 1988
		141 An Introduction to Formal Specification and Z (context) - Potter, Sinclair et al.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /duke91objectz.html (401 words)

	Abstracts
		We demonstrate how to integrate several tools for the Z specification language into the workbench, obtaining an instantiation of the workbench suited as a software development environment for Z. In the core of the setting, we use the encoding HOL-Z of Z into Isabelle as semantic foundation and for formal reasoning with Z specifications.
		We present a semantic representation of the core concepts of the specification language Z in higher-order logic.
		Its parser can convert the concrete syntax of Z schemas into their semantic representation and thus spare users from having to deal with the representation explicitly.
	www.informatik.uni-freiburg.de /~wolff/papers/abstracts.html (668 words)

	Logical frameworks as a basis for verification tools: a case study
		Logical frameworks are a suitable medium to build such tools, since they provide a means to show the faithfulness and adequacy of the implementation, and at the same time provide the flexibility needed to build sufficiently automated tools.
		We present Z-in-Isabelle, a deep semantic embedding of the specification language Z and a deductive system for Z in the generic theorem prover Isabelle.
		Z is based on Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory and first-order predicate logic, extended by a notion of schemas.
	csdl2.computer.org /persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/proceedings/&toc=comp/proceedings/kbse/1995/7204/00/7204toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/KBSE.1995.490117 (321 words)

	Formal Specification
		Formal methods use the mathematics of logic and set theory in system specification and the mathematics of proof theory in system validation and verification.
		Use of the specification language Z. Important Notice - In Order to view the following pages correctly you must have the Z-formaliser font installed on your system it is also recommended that you use Internet Explorer.
		Its function is to assist software designers when specifying systems using the formal specification language Z. It provides an editor for entering/amending the specification; this includes a syntax parser.
	www.cee.hw.ac.uk /~air/depsys/formspec.html (193 words)

	AT&T Worldnet Service - Directory
		Environment to develop Z specification documents; integrated tool framework to edit, analyze, animate specifications, and formalisms mapped to Z; 5 tools (ESZ Checker, ZAP Compiler, Adaptors: LaTeX, HOL-Z, SMV), 2 GUIs (Emacs, Java).
		Promotes use and development of Z formal specification language.
		The formal specification notation Z is based on Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory and first order predicate logic.
	www.att.net /cgi-bin/webdrill?catkey=gwd/Top/Computers/Programming/Languages/Z (549 words)

	Partial Functions in the Z Specification Language (ResearchIndex)
		One of the principal benefits of the specification language Z to the formal-methods community is its simple type system, which allows the early detection of meaningless expressions.
		However, partly as a consequence of this simple approach to types, partial functions have surprising and, in some cases, problematic properties.
		0.5: Undefined expressions and logic in Z and B - al.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /328484.html (255 words)

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