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Topic: ZIPRA

In the News (Fri 17 Feb 12)

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	RHODESIAN INSURGENCY PART TWO
		ZIPRA was confident that it could recover any ground lost in Matabeleland when the time was ripe.
		ZIPRA's conventionally-trained army was growing in size but, to succeed in an invasion of Rhodesia, ZIPRA had to establish a bridgehead across the Zambezi.
		ZIPRA used the cease-fire to establish a series of heavily defended strong points to constitute the bridgehead for the force with which they hoped to recover the initiative from Mugabe.
	members.tripod.com /selousscouts/rhodesian_insurgency_2.htm (5595 words)

	The Insider - 25 filing cabinets of Zipra documents lost
		Twenty-five filing cabinets and 20 steel trunks containing Zipra documents went missing when leaders of the former ZAPU military wing were arrested soon after the discovery of huge arms caches at properties owned by that party just two years after independence.
		Most of the properties which included farms, garages, hotels and high rise buildings were at strategic points throughout the country giving credence to the government's argument that the party was planning to overthrow the government.
		The disappearance of the Zipra documents is also a thorn in the flesh to the former combatants who contributed money to be used to buy the properties.
	www.insiderzim.com /nov92zipra.html (539 words)

	Inkundla Network
		ZIPRA forces like their ZANLA counterparts, relied on civilians for food, cigarettes, clothes, boots, medicine and intelligence on the movement of enemy forces.
		However, the ZIPRA like the ZANLA sometimes involved themselves in brutal killing of “sell-outs” and “witches.” These guerrilla interventions in issues of selling-out and witchcraft within Matebeleland region provoked some of the most traumatic incidents of the liberation war and occasioned intense moral and political debate.
		The ZIPRA are remembered for their courage and daring as well as in endearing terms such as obhudi (our dear brothers) by those who were youth during the struggle for Zimbabwe, as abafana (the boys) by the patronizing elderly men as well as abantwa bethu (our sons) by elderly women.
	www.inkundla.net /indaba/2005/Ncwabakazi/sabelo1.php (8171 words)

	Rhodiechat Verified site. For membership info http://www.rhodiechat.com/special.asp - Threat of expulsion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		ZIPRA was supported by tribesmen from the Northern and Western parts of Rhodesia and ZANLA by the larger Shona speaking tribesmen to the east.
		ZANLA was focused on controlling the civilian population and harassing the White farmers, thus forcing the small White population to be demoralized by constant military call-ups and collapsing the Rural Economy, whereas ZIPRA was training and preparing for a full-scale invasion of Rhodesia across the Zambezi River from Zambia.
		ZANLA and ZIPRA was given sympathetic support from the entire world, even given a voice at the United Nations, but its arms came from the Communist bloc, which had insidious plans for Southern Africa.
	www.rhodiechat.com /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=1433 (11767 words)

	Breaking the Silence, Building True Peace - Part 1 - Background - Historical overview
		ZIPRA troops in other parts of Matabeleland headed for Bulawayo to join the battle, and ex- Rhodesian units had to come in to stop the fighting.
		Many ZIPRA cadres defected after Entumbane, mainly because they were afraid of staying in the army, as they felt some of their colleagues were disappearing mysteriously.
		Their swift surrender at the end of the disturbances was a result of their loyalty to ZIPRA ideals of discipline.
	www.hrforumzim.com /members_reports/matrep/matreppart1c3.htm (1168 words)

	ZWNEWS.com - linking the world to Zimbabwe
		Some war veterans who fought on the side of Zipra during the independence war, told The Standard that they strongly suspected the abduction of their leader to be the work of state security operatives or other war veterans loyal to a former cabinet minister.
		The Zipra war veterans also wanted the government to pardon Cain Nkala and nine other former Zipra fighters facing charges of having kidnapped and possibly killed Patrick Nabanyama, a polling agent for Bulawayo South member of parliament, David Coltart.
		Some former Zipra guerrillas are understood to be planning to stop their support for the ruling party because of the alleged unfair treatment of their colleagues by the government.
	www.zwnews.com /issuefull.cfm?ArticleID=2975 (900 words)

	Short History of the Rhodesian war from the best(only?) specialist in Rhodesian History [Free Republic]
		ZIPRA, on the advice of Moscow, built up its conventional forces - motorised with Soviet armoured vehicles - in Zambia, intending to tear the prize of victory from ZANLA's grasp.
		ZIPRA's conventional threat in the event was to distract the Rhodesians from the primary task of drastically setting back, if not defeating, ZANLA's ambitions.
		ZANLA (and ZIPRA to a certain extent), tried to paralyse the Rhodesian effort and economy by planting Soviet anti-tank landmines in the roads.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a38fb90887a2e.htm (12409 words)

	The Insider -Dabengwa to feature in new book
		The volumes, which will be published by the University of Zimbabwe Press, are based on papers delivered last year at a conference which drew together research and opinion that had not been made public during the first decade after the liberation struggle.
		As Ranger says, it is only now that there is a united War Veterans Association that views of former ZIPRA combatants are being incorporated with those of their former ZANLA counterparts.
		While the suffering of the people of Matebeleland should and cannot be ignored it appears some of the people resuscitating debate on the subject may have hidden agendas, probably to steer the creation of a Ndebele state or for other political motives.
	www.insiderzim.com /aug92dabengwa.html (862 words)

	Welcome to the Financial Gazette Online! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nitram Holding Company was formed in 1981 by former ZIPRA combatants and their commanders who contributed $50 each from their demobilisation allowance while they were still at assembly points.
		The company was to set up viable businesses part of whose profits were to be invested in Nitram Trust to assist disadvantaged “comrades and their families”, while the remainder was to be ploughed back for the expansion of projects and acquisition of new ones.
		Senior former members of the ZIPRA command, who are the custodians of the properties, are in a quandary because they were technically given back the properties but legally they belong to those who bought them when they were liquidated.
	www.fingaz.co.zw /fingaz/2004/December/December16/7303.shtml (802 words)

	Breaking the Silence
		There were problems between ZIPRA and ZANLA, and outbreaks of violence in areas surrounding the guerrilla holding camps all over the country.
		Many ZIPRA cadres defected after Entumbane, mainly be cause they were afraid of staying in the army as they felt some of their colleagues were disappearing mysteriously.
		There were a few ZIPRA troops in the unit at the start, but they were withdrawn before the end of the training.
	www.zimbabwesituation.com /breaking.html (7051 words)

	Dabengwa awarded degree
		As the intelligence supremo of Zapu's armed wing, ZIPRA, Dabengwa was known as the Black Russian.
		He was involved in the Wankie campaign, a joint operation between ZIPRA and African National Congress (ANC) Umkhonto WeSizwe in the Hwange area in 1967, where they launched raids on Rhodesian forces.
		That he is indeed a hero for the way he led the ZIPRA intelligence during the liberation war has not been contested by many people.
	www.inkundla.net /indaba/2005/Ncwabakazi/Dabengwa.php (836 words)

	Movement for Democratic Change Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		At that time part of the military commanders of both Zanla and Zipra were based in Tanzania, which housed most of the guerilla training camps.
		When the two insisted on being aligned to Zapu and therefore Zipra, their fate was sealed.
		The people of Zimbabwe are aware that just as the deportations of Zanla and Zipra cadres did not extinguish the raging fire of the people's quest for freedom, so too will Zambia's deportation of President Tsvangirai fail to dampen their spirits ahead of a new beginning and a new Zimbabwe.
	www.mdczimbabwe.org /Archives/2006/Feb/chamisa2406.htm (912 words)

	ZAMBIA, Landmine Monitor Report 1999
		Zambia is not a known producer or exporter of landmines.
		ZIPRA used landmines to protect its bases from attack.
		The farm served as ZIPRA headquarters, dubbed “Victory Camp,” during the liberation war.
	www.icbl.org /lm/1999/zambia.html (1920 words)

	Rhodesia Ops. Agila & Midford: Empire's Last Sunset
		This cap badge was worn by officers of the 1st ZIPRA Battalion, Zimbabwe Peoples Revolutionary Army during the Rhodesian War.
		Due to the war, there was virtually no good, up-to-date information or maps available on Rhodesia, and much of the initial planning was a series of lectures by ex-school teachers and missionaries who had served 'out there', and usually before the war.
		Both the ZIPRA and ZANLA had played down the size of their forces and over that seven-day period more than 22,000 Communist soldiers marched into the 16 Assembly Places.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-conflicts-periods/other/rhodesia.htm (3544 words)

	Gukurahundi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		ZIPRA troops in other parts of Matabeleland headed for Bulawayo to join the battle, and ex-Rhodesian units had to come in to stop the fighting.
		The members of the Fifth Brigade were drawn from 3500 ex-ZANLA troops at Tongogara Assembly Point, named after Josiah Tongogara, the general of Zanla, the militant wing of Mugabe's ZANU during the revolutionary war.
		There were a few ZIPRA (ZAPU) troops in the unit for a start, but they were withdrawn before the end of the training.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Gukurahundi (1322 words)

	EXTERNAL OPERATIONS
		This operation involved a raid on a ZIPRA prison camp 96 miles inside Zambia containing 120 opponents of the terrorist organization along with some African members of the Rhodesian security forces.
		This operation involved the kidnapping of Elliot Sibanda, a senior ZIPRA intelligence operative, by a team of Scouts who crept across the border into Botswana and laid an ambush.
		The column crossed the border and drove to the house being used by ZIPRA and arrested its occupants.
	members.tripod.com /selousscouts/external_operations.htm (1808 words)

	Breaking the Silence, Building True Peace - Part 1 - Background - Historical overview
		There was the Rhodesian army on one side, and the two armies of ZANLA and ZIPRA on the other side.
		ZANLA was the armed wing of ZANU, the Zimbabwe African National Union, and ZIPRA was the armed wing of ZAPU, the Zimbabwe African People's Union.
		In addition, ZIPRA and ZANLA competed with each other for territory and support, and frequently fought and killed each other before Independence.
	www.hrforumzim.com /members_reports/matrep/matreppart1c1.htm (1009 words)

	Swords into Ploughshares, Disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration in Zimbabwe, Namibia and South Africa - ISS ...
		The insecurity threats posed by the retention of weapons materialised in the eventual clashes in the APs between the ZANLA and ZIPRA combatants.
		ZANU established ZANLA in 1964 and ZAPU established ZIPRA in 1965 as their military wings to wage a liberation war against the Rhodesian government.
		ZIPRA’s strategy was Soviet oriented and placed emphasis on conventional warfare strategy.
	www.issafrica.org /pubs/papers/120/Paper120.htm (6800 words)

	1965, Nov. 11. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Reactionary white settlers in Southern Rhodesia, led by Ian Smith's Rhodesian Front, made a Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI).
		Zimbabwe African People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) guerrillas began to infiltrate the country.
		The first large military encounter of the war occurred in Sinoia.
	www.bartleby.com /67/4467.html (470 words)

	Rhodesian devised armoured vehicles
		Both ZANLA and ZIPRA forces made extensive use of anti-tank landmines and the Rhodesian authorities soon began to look for ways to counter the troop and equipment losses that land mine blasts and vehicle ambushes were beginning to have.
		Mandatory, comprehensive sanctions applied against the Rhodesian government by the United Nations made it impossible for the Rhodesians to acquire suitable armoured vehicles, so vehicles were designed and produced locally.
		A non-mine protected variant of the KUDU was produced for the BSA Police to use in urban areas.
	www.mazoe.com /echoesarmouredvehicles.html (522 words)

	Welcome to the Financial Gazette Online! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		ZANU PF's supreme decision-making body, the politburo, is sharply divided over a proposal by former ZANLA and ZIPRA commanders to transform the legion of war veterans into a militarised reserve force amid fears that its proponents might want to use the boisterous former liberation fighters for sinister agendas.
		The latest twist in the dilemma facing ZANU PF in taming the vociferous war veterans, whose total number runs into tens of thousands, confirms the deepening mistrust within the party as heavyweights fight to succeed President Robert Mugabe who might retire from active politics at the expiry of his sixth term of office in 2008.
		A three-member committee led by ZANU PF politburo member and former ZIPRA intelligence supremo Dumiso Dabengwa has proposed roping in the former liberation war fighters into a reserve force to instil discipline and rein in the sometimes rogue group that masterminded the violent farm seizures of 2000.
	www.fingaz.co.zw /fingaz/2005/September/September8/9386.shtml (922 words)

	War veterans threaten to be overshadowed by youth militia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Former fighters from the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (Zipra), which was the military wing of the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) that merged with the ruling ZANU-PF in 1987, called on their colleagues to pull out of the ruling party.
		The Bulawayo branch accused party officials and senior staff at the government-controlled Grain Marketing Board, which has a monopoly on maize distribution, of corruption in the distribution of maize, and backed a volatile demonstration by the city’s residents outside one of the depots.
		Max Mkandla, the former Zipra spokesman was quoted in a privately owned daily newspaper as saying that ZANU-PF was using the war veterans for selfish gains and alleged that the ruling party had sidelined the people of Matabeleland during the land redistribution exercise.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=31834 (1045 words)

	The Second Chimurenga: Rhodesian Bush War [Archive] - Military Photos
		Because ZAPU's political strategy relied more heavily on negotiations than armed force, ZIPRA did not develop as quickly or elaborately as ZANLA, the armed wing of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), although by 1979 it had an estimated 20,000 combatants, almost all based in camps around Lusaka, Zambia (ref: Rasmussen and Rubert).
		* ZIPRA was designed to be used as a conventional armed force: entering the country, striking and pulling back to its bases in Zambia and Angola.
		ZANLA or the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army was the armed wing of the Zimbabwean political movement ZANU (the Zimbabwe African National Union) and participated in the Second Chimurenga against white minority rule in Rhodesia.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/archive/index.php/t-61788.html (1854 words)

	SW Radio Africa Nkomo letter
		You said this because you knew that ZANLA had cached a lot of arms in and near their former Assembly Camps, and there was the question of a trainload of arms that had disappeared between the [Mozambiquean] border and Mutare.
		It can be said without hesitation that to have used the police as if they were ZIPRA officers in the Dr. Bertrand case was an abominable and fascist like attempt to portray to the country and the world at large that former ZIPRA combatants had plotting tendencies so as to blemish the name of ZIPRA.
		I believe that the notes that were purported to have been sent by former ‘ZIPRA dissidents’ to the police, when foreign tourists were abducted near Bulawayo in July 1982, were in fact an effort to show ZAPU and former ZIPRA combatants in bad light.
	www.swradioafrica.com /pages/Nkomo_letter.htm (7366 words)

	RHODESIAN WARFARE BY A SHOESTRING
		Raids into Mozambique almost always involved contact with FRELIMO, and the threat of armored intervention by tanks was a likelihood that had to be considered in all RSF plans.
		Upon conclusion of this phase of the war, ZIPRA would besiege Mugabe’s forces, and ZANLA would find itself unable to offer a defense against a massive conventional army.
		The Russians had stock piled this tank in large quantities in Zambia, for issue to ZIPRA when their troops had been trained to operate them.
	members.tripod.com /selousscouts/rhodesian_warfare.htm (1328 words)

	Manitowoc County, Wisconsin Genealogy : Cemetery #1 Cato Heights
		It is assumed this is the same family due to age matches of John and his son Jacob and that part of the family lived in Morrison at this time.
		Anna’s maiden name was assumed from the tombstone of Anna Mankoske nee Zipra in Holy Trinity cemetery where John and Catherine are buried.
		Anna Zipra was born in 1852 in Bohemia.26 She was born on Mar 12 1853.25 She died on Feb 8 1887 in Manitowoc Co., WI, USA.25 She died before 1888.27 She was buried in Holy Trinity Cemetery.
	www.2manitowoc.com /mankowski.html (1628 words)

	Peacekeeping in Rhodesia, 1979
		The Rhodesian war was fought between the Rhodesian Government of Ian Smith who had declared UDI from Great Britain on the 11 November 1965, and, opposing his government were 'two' communist armies that were based on tribal loyalties.
		The larger army was ZIPRA (Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army) which had been trained by the Russians and East Germans and was loyal to Joshua Nkomo.
		The Regular Army of both ZIPRA and ZANLA, were trained to a reasonable standard and were commanded by loyal comrades and commissars; while their guerrillas were little more than thugs and bully boys armed with AK47's, RPG7's and landmines.
	riv.co.nz /rnza/tales/subritzky3.htm (3673 words)

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