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Topic: Zaibatsu

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	Zaibatsu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zaibatsu was used in the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century to refer to large family-controlled banking and industrial combines.
		Amongst the zaibatsu that were targeted by the SCAP for dissolution in 1946 were Asano, Furukawa, Nakajima, Nissan, Nomura, and Okura.
		Matsushita, while not a zaibatsu, was originally targeted for breakup, but was saved by a petition organized by the union, which was signed by 15,000 of its workers and their families.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zaibatsu (468 words)

	zaibatsu - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Although the Mitsui were powerful bankers under the shogunate, most of the other zaibatsu developed after the Meiji restoration (1868), when, by subsidies and a favorable tax policy, the new government granted them a privileged position in the economic development of Japan.
		In 1937 the four leading zaibatsu controlled directly one third of all bank deposits, one third of all foreign trade, one half of Japan's shipbuilding and maritime shipping, and most of the heavy industries.
		After Japan's surrender (1945) in World War II, the breakup of the zaibatsu was announced as a major aim of the Allied occupation, but in the 1950s and 1960s groups based on the old zaibatsu reemerged as keiretsu.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/z1/zaibatsu.asp (375 words)

	Mishima Zaibatsu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Owned originally by Jinpachi Mishima, the Zaibatsu was taken over by Heihachi Mishima, who has run the company for over 40 years except for two brief interims.
		The Mishima Zaibatsu is the main sponsor of the King of Iron Fist (Tekken-Ou in Japanese) tournaments, the central events of the video games.
		The Zaibatsu's biggest competition/rival is the G Corporation, (also known as G Corp.) who mass-produce the Jack robots, seemingly from during Tekken 4.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mishima_Zaibatsu (366 words)

	Dorsey & Whitney LLP: News: "Zaibatsu" and "Keiretsu" - Understanding Japanese Enterprise Groups" (parts 1-3)
		The zaibatsu were formed from the Meiji government’s policies of state entrepreneurialism, which characterized the modernization of the economy during that era.
		The zaibatsu were dismantled by (i) destruction of pyramid control structures via liquidations, (ii) public dispositions of zaibatsu-owned shareholdings, (iii) reorganization of large existing monopolies, and (iv) strengthening of the legal prohibitions on monopolies and unfair competition.
		The theory that zaibatsu dissolution implicated a power coup between the MOF and the zaibatsu rather than a real desire to eliminate concentrations of economic power is arguably consistent with the circumstances which followed dissolution, namely, the emergence of new and powerful corporate groupings in Japan.
	www.dorsey.com /news/news_detail.aspx?FlashNavID=news_search&id=134674703 (2666 words)

	Zaibatsu - by Paul Elliott
		The "zaibatsu belt" of corporate dominated suburban towns house much of the corporate population who commute into Tokyo daily or do their work via cyberspace.
		The zaibatsu TKS owns and operates Sunshine City, the development is dominated by the 120-storey Sunshine 120 Pyramid.
		ZAIBATSU has already fleshed out this district with some detail and described some of the chunin and their busineses there, the referee should feel free to go further.
	www.errantknightgames.com /zaibatsu/zaibatsu_6.html (3529 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 5
		Then again, ZAIBATSU is less of a game and more of a training manual for the urban nightmare that is near-future Tokyo.
		ZAIBATSU isn't watered down cyberpunk, near future elements from the best sources are here: replicants, lasers and cyborgs.
		Forget cybernetics in the traditional roleplaying game sense; with tech out of date as soon as it leaves the production line, no sucker is going to trade meat for metal if his new arm, say, will be redundant in two months.
	www.angelfire.com /games3/errantknight/zaibatsu/zaibatsu_intro.html (421 words)

	Japanese-style management today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The confusion or contradictoriness of the zaibatsu family members managing their managers arose from the fact that, while the zaibatsu families were the sole stockholders and carried full responsibility for their businesses, they left actual operation wholly in the hands of their managers, who had no ownership in the businesses whatever.
		Scholars speculate variously that the zaibatsu families adopted this legal form to avoid having their income from property be regarded as unearned income, as a measure against taxation, or to avoid donations.
		The local zaibatsu and the newly formed zaibatsu contrasted with the big zaibatsu which adhered closely to the intentions of the central government and enlarged and diversified their activities on a nation-wide scale.
	www.unu.edu /unupress/unupbooks/uu36je/uu36je0g.htm (4878 words)

	Alternate Futures for 2025: Chapter 4
		Zaibatsu is characterized as a "gray" world because the developed areas are environmentally clean and have sufficient resources while the developing areas are polluted and experience resource shortages.
		First, is the ability to enforce the primary Zaibatsu punishment tool-the economic embargo, or sanctions; second, guarding against individuals and groups illegally milking company profits and databases-electronic pirates and "info-bandits;" and finally, using biogenetics to reduce training costs and attrition by "creating" the perfect soldier.
		Zaibatsu is also known as "schmooze" world because advancement in the corporate structure requires a certain amount of "playing the game." The key corporate rewards are getting noticed by the boss and going to lunch or playing golf with superiors.
	www.fas.org /spp/military/docops/usaf/2025/af/a-f-4.htm (4127 words)

	Viking Phoenix Web Page: Japan, Incorporated, The Zaibatsu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Zaibatsu was an elite of businessmen, linked by common interests, backgrounds and families.
		The Zaibatsu had profited from the war, and had pushed for expansion into Asia, both for markets and as sources of raw materials.
		The Zaibatsu were outlawed by the allied powers in the early days of the Occupation of Japan.
	vikingphoenix.com /public/JapanIncorporated/postwar/zaibatsu.htm (710 words)

	GOVERNMENT’S ROLE IN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE RISE OF MITSUI ZAIBATSU
		Furthermore, the centralization process within Mitsui Zaibatsu took place over a period of thirty years of constant adjustments and struggle between the Mitsui family and the professional managers.
		Mitsui Bussan (along with Mitsui Zaibatsu) was of such important to Japan’s business expansion that it was called Seisho or the “the political merchant.” By the same token, leaders like Inoue can be called “business politicians,” given their role in the promotion of trade and investment within modern industries.
		Trade was the backbone not only of the zaibatsu, but also of the industrialization of the economy, because it provided link between the traditional economy and modern sectors.
	www.mediatimesreview.com /february05/meiji2.php (5286 words)

	Factory Workers
		Zaibatsu were seen as monopolistic organisations, which originated in the Meiji era.
		Each zaibatsu was usually rigidly controlled by families, through a "gholding company" (honsha) which held a controlling block of shares in the subordinate companies.
		The zaibatsu was a family like community because its entire organisation would be based on family principles of hierarchy, loyalty and dependency.
	www.willamette.edu /~rloftus/joko.html (2009 words)

	Zaibatsu
		In the mid to late 1800s, while Japan was in the thick of the Meiji Restoration, huge banking and industrial corporations known as Zaibatsu came to the forefront of the Japanese economic picture.
		The zaibatsu knew they had to change their shrewd business dealings, and focus more on the good of their country and particularly to improve their public image.
		While everyone in Japan was suffering through an economic slowdown that brought about much poverty and unemployment these zaibatsu executives were "making out like bandits." And because of their very friendly relationship with the government, they were able to profit much more from new government policies that would actually hurt the rest of the nation.
	sun.menloschool.org /~sportman/westernstudies/second/24/cblock/arifv (577 words)

	THE ZAIBATSU OF JAPAN
		The zaibatsu (literally financial cliques) were the diversified family enterprises that rose to prominence in the Meiji Era.
		The Yasuda zaibatsu was founded by Yasuda Zenjiro at the end of the era of the Tokogawa Shogunate.
		In contrast to most of the zaibatsu, the Okura zaibatsu was founded by someone from the peasant class.
	www2.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/zaibatsu.htm (2322 words)

	Zaibatsu - by Paul Elliott
		The zaibatsu is British and is involved in oil and gas drilling, mining, construction and submarines.
		The zaibatsu are organized along similar lines and it may be useful for the referee to understand something of this organization.
		The media and the zaibatsu are fully aware that the big corporations have their own terrorist gangs but speak little of them in public.
	www.errantknightgames.com /zaibatsu/zaibatsu_2.html (4304 words)

	Meiji Restoration Zaibatsu
		Japan used to be composed of smaller corporations and systems and then with the development of the zaibatsu, Japan evolved into an environment that included gigantic conglomerates that was entangled with enormous government.
		The government needed the zaibatsu at the time as much as the zaibatsu needed the government.
		Another way that the government made it easier for the zaibatsu to thrive in Japan was the way the government dealt with foreign trade to other countries.
	www.indiana.edu /~ealc100/Group8/meiji/meiji.html (939 words)

	Meatball Wiki: WhatIsaZaibatsu
		Most zaibatsu developed after the Meiji restoration, when the new government granted them a privileged position in the economic development of Japan through subsidies and favorable tax policies.
		You might also be able to generalize a zaibatsu to any family owned business.
		zaibatsu is not part of my working vocabulary, but I would unhesitatingly assign it the Gibsonian meaning of a transnational megacorporation; implies Japanese origin and attempts to control the lives of its employees.
	www.usemod.com /cgi-bin/mb.pl?WhatIsaZaibatsu (313 words)

	Essay: The Role Of Zaibatsu. - Coursework.Info
		The Role Of Zaibatsu Zaibatsu, known as the 'money clique', played an important role in the economic modernization of the Japan.
		The zaibatsu were a group of certain Japanese business houses with extremely widespread interests.
		The zaibatsu were a group of men with exceptional talent, flexibility, and daring to have emerged so successfully from the economic confusion of the preceding years.
	www.coursework.info /GCSE/History/The_Role_Of_Zaibatsu_L67950.html (181 words)

	MEIJI JAPAN, 1868-1911: GOVERNMENT’S ROLE IN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE RISE OF MITSUI ZAIBATSU
		It is a remarkable story given not only the present status of the group as a leading Japanese conglomerate but also the changes both the group and the country have experienced.
		First, the Meiji Restoration changed society dramatically; Dan Takuma, the head executive of Mitsui, was assassinated in the early 1930s amidst violent anti-zaibatsu ferment; then the monopoly of prewar zaibatsu was abolished by the General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in the wake of the Second World War.
		By examining its rise and the factors that contributed to its development and success, it is possible to gain a better understanding of the problems and also the favorable factors for economic development in Meiji Japan.
	www.mediatimesreview.com /february05/meiji.php (5682 words)

	Zaibatsu - Japanese term for "money clique" or conglomerate
		They were widely considered beneficial, and the opinions of the Japanese public, of zaibatsu workers and management and of the entrenched bureaucracy regarding plans for zaibatsu break-up ranged from unenthusiastic to disapproving.
		Keiretsu, the subsequent inheritors of the corporate legacy of zaibatsu, remained fundamentally correlative, but the old "mechanisms of financial and administrative control" were destroyed (Allinson 75).
		Despite the absence of an actualized sweeping change to the existence of large industrial conglomerates in Japan, the zaibatsu's previous vertical chain of command, ending with a single family, was displaced by the horizontal relationships of association and coordination now characteristic of keiretsu -- an important difference.
	www.japan-101.com /history/zaibatsu.htm (392 words)

	TIME.com: Return of the Zaibatsu -- Aug. 4, 1958 -- Page 1
		Last week the influence and power of the zaibatsu sprawled once more across the length and breadth of Japan, firmly in control of all its major industries except steel.
		The new zaibatsu are of a different stripe than their prewar predecessors.
		The zaibatsu depend for leadership on the financiers of their powerful banks, have set up central liaison councils with euphemistic names designed to attract as little attention as possible.
	www.time.com /time/archive/preview/0,10987,863682,00.html (621 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Japan / Glossary
		Literally, "wealth group." Zaibatsu were powerful industrial or financial combines that merged during the Meiji era and were implicated in the militarist regimes of the 1930s and 1940s.
		The zaibatsu were abolished in 1945 and 1946.
		After 1947, numerous companies formerly controlled by zaibatsu came together as keiretsu (enterprise groups)--conglomerates no longer controlled by a single family and whose individual member companies had greater autonomy than they had had as part of a zaibatsu.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/japan/jp_glos.html (1218 words)

	Okami Zaibatsu- Amateur movie makers from Poland
		Okami Zaibatsu is a group of amateur movie makers from Poland.
		I'll try to add as many our movies as possible but consider that they are usually bigger than 25mb (like 500mb or so) so belive me it is not so easy to compress those files.
		At present Okami Zaibatsu stuff is working on a project called Engram*.
	www.putfile.com /okami_zaibatsu (168 words)

	The Zaibatsu in ZhurnalWiki
		Along the extreme dimensions of time and money, many years ago I became captivated by the notion of Zaibatsu --- the ancient family-owned financial powers ("money cliques") that at their peak controlled a third or more of the Japanese economy.
		One Zaibatsu, I remember reading, took its name from the three wells on the original family homestead.
		Perhaps the Zaibatsu went the way of the big industrial revolution families of the West, the barons of steel and rail, the houses of banking and finance.
	zhurnal.net /ww/zw?TheZaibatsu (300 words)

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