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Topic: Zainichi

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	Zainichi Korean Summary
		Zainichi (在日) is short for "Zainichi Chōsenjin" (Koreans/Chosun people in Japan, 在日朝鮮人, 재일조선인) or "Zainichi Kankokujin" (South Koreans in Japan, 在日韓国人, 재일한국인), meaning the Korean residents of Japan.
		Zainichi Koreans were still Japanese in 1945, and 148 Korean-Japanese in the Imperial Japanese military were convicted at local war crime tribunals in Asia of Class B and C war crimes, 23 of whom were sentenced to death.
		Zainichi Chosenjin in the vast majority of cases settled in Japan before the modern state of North Korea was instituted, and in the vast majority of cases originate from the south of the Korean Peninsula.
	www.bookrags.com /Zainichi_Korean (2073 words)

	Zainichi Korean - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zainichi (在日) is short for "Zainichi Chōsenjin" (Koreans/Chosun people in Japan, 在日朝鮮人, 재일조선인) or "Zainichi Kankokujin" (South Koreans in Japan, 在日韓国人, 재일한국인), meaning the Korean residents of Japan.
		Zainichi Koreans were still Japanese in 1945, and 148 Korean-Japanese in the Imperial Japanese military were convicted at local war crime tribunals in Asia of Class B and C war crimes, 23 of whom were sentenced to death.
		About 35% of Zainichi Koreans are affiliated to the pro-North Chongryon, and many send their children to one of about 60 Korean schools throughout Japan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zainichi_Korean (1105 words)

	Ethnic issues in Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The four largest minority groups residing in Japan are the Zainichi Koreans, the Ainu, the Ryukyuan, and the Burakumin.
		Zainichi (resident in Japan) Koreans are permanent residents of Japan, but hold North or South Korean citizenship.
		Zainichi organisations affiliated with North Korea are against this initiative, while Zainichi organisations affiliated with South Korea support it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ethnic_issues_in_Japan (2948 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Zainichi Koreans, also often known as Zainichi for short, are the permanent ethnic Korean residents of Japan.
		Zainichi ChÅsenjin in the vast majority of cases settled in Japan before the modern state of North Korea was instituted, and in most cases originate from the south of the Korean Peninsula.
		Repatriation of Zainichi Koreans from Japan conducted under the auspices of the Japanese Red Cross began to receive official support from the Japanese government as early as 1956; a North Korean-sponsored repatriation programme officially began in 1959.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Zainichi_Korean (3825 words)

	Zainichi Korean - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Zainichi (在日) is short for "Zainichi Chōsenjin" (Koreans/Choson people in Japan, 在日朝鮮人, 재일조선인) or "Zainichi Kankokujin" (South Koreans in Japan, 在日韓国人, 재일한국인), meaning the Korean residents of Japan.
		However, "zainichi" is used primarily to refer to long-term resident aliens of Korean heritage in Japan alone because of their significant presence in the Japanese society.
		Zainichi Koreans were still Japanese during the early years of the post-war period (1946-47), and 148 Korean-Japanese in the Imperial Japanese military were convicted at local war crime tribunals in Asia of Class B and C war crimes, 23 of whom were sentenced to death.
	zainichikorean.quickseek.com (618 words)

	[No title]
		Chung is what the Japanese call a Zainichi, a term that literally means "to stay in Japan," but that is usually shorthand for Koreans who came here during Japan's colonial rule, and their descendants.
		Other Zainichi in her class, who used Japanese names and hid their real ethnic background, faced anguish at graduation ceremonies when certificates were handed out in their Korean names.
		A Zainichi is confined to an uncertain existence, he wrote in Chuo Koron, a conservative monthly.
	courses.wcupa.edu /rbove/eco343/050Compecon/Japan/050402korean.txt (1054 words)

	rosesnchaos: About Zainichi Koreans and then some (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Over the years, popular magazines have "outed" many celebrities they have named as zainichi (literally, "foreigners living in Japan," but generally taken to mean Koreans), and speculating on the origins of stars has become a sort of parlor game for bored media-watchers here.
		Chong sued TMG after it barred her from promotion on the grounds that she was not Japanese; her brother was one of many who said citizenship should be a prerequisite for public managerial positions.
		Not surprisingly, many zainichi are assimilating -- about 10,000 annually according to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications; an option that has grown in popularity amid the backlash from the abductees issue and a gradual relaxation in nationalization rules.
	rosesnchaos.livejournal.com /204915.html (1028 words)

	Migration News
		Japan continues to struggle with Zainichi, a term that literally means "to stay in Japan," but that is usually shorthand for Koreans who came here during Japan's colonial rule, and their descendants.
		Zainichi are often considered outsiders in both Japan and Korea, as the case of a woman with a Japanese mother and a South Korean father illustrated.
		In 1952, Zainichi were asked to choose between South or North Korean citizenship and were recognized as permanent residents of Japan.
	migration.ucdavis.edu /mn/comments.php?id=3102_0_3_0_C (535 words)

	alias
		The aliases used by Zainichi Koreans are fundamentally different from aliases such as pen names, stage-names, etc., which are arbitrarily chosen by individuals for their own reasons.
		Zainichi Koreans who decide to express their ethnic pride by discarding their Japanese alias sometimes apply to their local authority to have the alias deleted from the registration documents.
		While it is commonly assumed that Zainichi Koreans have an "official" Korean name, entered on their alien registration certificate, and an unofficial Japanese alias that they use in everyday life, this is by no means always the case.
	www.kyy.saitama-u.ac.jp /~fukuoka/alias.html (3610 words)

	mindan
		Zainichi are permanent residents, or their descendents, living in Japan due to special historical background.
		Sharing common trends with the Japanese society, the zainichi society is facing increase in the number of the aged and decline in the number of births.
		To become the center of the zainichi in 21st century, we are building nationwide network together with local headquarters and branches.
	www.mindan.org /eng/major/reference.php (1187 words)

	MSN-Mainichi Daily News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Most of Japan's roughly 450,000 Zainichi have never been to the Land of Morning Calm, don't speak Korean, yet are fiercely proud of their roots and find the idea of taking out citizenship close on unthinkable.
		With more Zainichi marrying Japanese and take out citizenship of the land where they grew up, the Zainichi population declines by about 10,000 a year.
		Cultural factors still come into play, though, as many Zainichi live virtually as Japanese and revealing their roots is never easy in a land with a checkered past in dealing with Koreans.
	mdn.mainichi-msn.co.jp /waiwai/news/p20060525p2g00m0dm011000c.html (640 words)

	Japan's Hidden Role in the "Return" of Zainichi Koreans to North Korea
		Some 60,000 Zainichi Koreans had their welfare payments reduced or cancelled: a move which undoubtedly made the prospect of life in North Korea look more attractive than it would otherwise have seemed.
		Throughout 1958, preliminary negotiations on the normalization of relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea continued, with the Japanese side deploying the threat of repatriations to North Korea as a bargaining chip.
		In the light of the new evidence, it is necessary to reconsider the responsibility of the Japanese, as well as the North Korean, government for the ultimate fate of the returnees.
	hnn.us /articles/10199.html (2678 words)

	Nichi Bei Times \| NichiBeiTimes.com \| Japanese American News Since 1946
		In Japan, Zainichi Koreans have recently entered the pop culture mainstream, but in the United States, where Japan is still viewed as a homogenous country, their struggles still go largely unnoticed.
		Despite becoming experienced and skilled, Zainichi could be denied high-ranking positions and therefore raises, effectively “shutting the pipeline on the returns.” Her own father was a bottom-rung doctor for 15 years.
		As a third-generation Zainichi she said she lived in the shadow of a legacy of violence and disempowerment and with a lack of knowledge of cultural and economic rights.
	www.nichibeitimes.com /articles/stories.php?subaction=showfull&id=1149794760&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& (1440 words)

	Uppity-Negro.com: In Memoriam: Passing
		In this context, the vast majority of zainichi youths regulate their "selves" in accordance with the Japanese majority, and act in a way that is "the same as others." They adopt Japanese pseudonyms (pass names) instead of Korean ethnic names.
		Firstly, the vast majority of zainichi youths we interviewed had an experience of being exposed to some forms of discrimination and prejudice, either direct or indirect, either overt or covert, against themselves as Koreans by the majority Japanese, and have had or have identity crises.
		A traditional division of the zainichi identity into a type which strongly maintains its Korean ethnicity and another which loses its Korean ethnicity as a result of assimilation, is in fact too crude a dichotomy to reflect the present situation surrounding zainichi youths.
	www.uppity-negro.com /archives/000632.html (589 words)

	The Self-Identities of Zainichi Koreans
		Therefore, the population of Zainichi Koreans in Japan is often invisible to the majority of the Japanese, and, ironically, to a large portion of the younger generation of Zainichi Koreans themselves.
		Unless Zainichi Koreans are educated in ethnic schools, young Zainichi Koreans have few chances to be accustomed with Korean culture.
		It is also common that Zainichi Koreans have been conditioned by Japanese society to believe in the inferiority of their Korean ethnicity.
	www.wm.edu /so/monitor/spring2000/paper1.htm (4490 words)

	Zainichi Koreans - Galbijim
		Pro-North Korean Zainichi Koreans remained with Chōsen status as the Japanese government does not recognize North Korea as a legitimate state.
		The relationship and loyalty of those Zainichi Koreans who chose to side with the communist North Korea is more complex than most South Koreans and Japanese assume.
		Zainichi Chōsenjin in the vast majority of cases settled in Japan before the modern state of North Korea was instituted, and in the vast majority of cases originate from the south of the Korean Peninsula.
	wiki.galbijim.com /Zainichi_Koreans (1993 words)

	HAN: "Beyond Assimilation and Dissimilation"
		Firstly, the vast majorit y of zainichi youths we interviewed had an experience of being exposed to some f orms of discrimination and prejudice, either direct or indirect, either overt or covert, against themselves as Koreans by the majority Japanese, and have had or have identity crises.
		A traditional division of the zainichi identity into a type which strongly maintains its Korean ethnicity and another which loses its Korean ethnicity as a result of assimilation, is in fact too cru de a dichotomy to reflect the present situation surrounding zainichi youths.
		Although Zainichis' living standards in gene ral have improved owing to the rapidly-growing Japanese economy in the 1960's, t he present zainichi community is highly stratified and we cannot overlook the fa ct that there are many people whose life is hard and miserable at the bottom lev el of society.
	www.han.org /a/fukuoka96b.html (7321 words)

	Heavy Zainichi Korean presence in Japanese ‘Uyoku’ » Occidentalism
		Obviously not all the Uyoku groups are Zainichi, but Koreans are less than 1% of the population and with Korean leaders of at least 5 out of 25 extreme right wing groups, that makes about 20% of the leadership Korean, if the sources quoted by that blogger is correct.
		Zainichis will not even be deported for commiting serious crimes like murder or armed robbery- they will only be deported if they are concivted for crimes like starting civil wars, inviting foreign militaries to invade Japan or start wars with other countries.
		Also, the whole east asian zainichi issue, to be simple and not toss in the various consitutions/laws, is mostly a hassle which can mostly be almost totally removed if you change your family name to one that is closer in the Japanese family name database.
	www.occidentalism.org /?p=243 (4084 words)

	PEACE BOAT - Voyage 51
		But instead of fighting or complaining about it, she told me to become the best at something, and then people would eventually listen to what I had to say," he said.
		Many, like Kim, are fourth generation Korean, meaning that their ancestors immigrated, or were forcibly relocated to Japan and were made to work in dangerous jobs.
		Discrimination by Japanese against Zainichi Koreans has been widespread in the past and can arguably still be felt today, particularly at times of political tension between Japan and Korea.
	www.peaceboat.org /english/voyg/51/lob/051018/index.html (731 words)

	SFU Institutional Repository: Item 1892/661 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The zainichi are descendents of colonial Koreans in Japan.
		This thesis employs sernistructured interviews, transnational theory and Bourdieu's conception of cultural capital to construct a qualitative analysis of zainichi identity representations.
		Transnationalism, and the Bourdiean concepts of cultural capital and practice are employed to investigate the apparent paradox of a zainichi acquisition of formidable Japanese cultural capital and generally equally large deficits in the capital necessary to gain them distinction or membership in Korea or a Korean diaspora, combined with their be...
	hdl.handle.net /1892/661 (153 words)

	::::: PEACEMAKING.CO.KR ENGLISH ::::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The hearts of zainichi Koreans were seized by a burgeoning and enduring hope that they would be able to return to their homeland.
		Their kindness of heart was certainly not erased by the harsh circumstances being zainichi; indeed, the very fact that they had to live in that harsh environment may actually have strengthened their fellow-feeling with the unfortunate.
		She was what is known as a mudang, or spiritualistic medium, similar to the itako of northeastern Japan.[7] Most zainichi people had reverence for their ancestors, and the mudang’s repertoire of rituals were a type of shamanism, originating in ancestor worship, fused with Buddhistic forms.
	peacemaking.co.kr /english/news/view.php?papercode=ENGLISH&newsno=793§no=55§no2=0&pubno= (8997 words)

	Forums - Anime News Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		He also told me that none of his Japanese friends know that he is a Zainichi Korean and that he prefers not being known as one as it could cause a barrier between him and his friends.
		I have heard it stated that since there's no REQUIREMENT to include zainichi in anime, many creators avoid it because a misrepresentation in that case does hold a very real possibility of litigation, unlike that in the case of misrepresentation of those who are clearly foreigners.
		Another famous Zainichi (and personal inspiration of mine) is Ooyama Masatatsu ("Mas Oyama", born Choi Yeong-eui, changed to Choi Bae-dal) the founder of Kyokushin karate.
	www.animenewsnetwork.com /bbs/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?p=344582 (2485 words)

	A Glimpse of the World: Japan-born Koreans live in limbo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In 1952, the Zainichi were made to choose between South or North Korean citizenship, and were recognized as permanent residents of Japan.
		Eventually, Chung became a public health nurse and in 1988 she was hired by the Tokyo Metropolitan government.
		“For the Japanese government, there is no greater eyesore than the Zainichi who refuse to be naturalized, because the Zainichi are a reminder of unresolved postwar issues,” she said.
	howardwfrench.com /archives/2005/04/03/japanborn_koreans_live_in_limbo (1244 words)

	MH Essay—Kidong Kang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This book is the autobiography of a Zainichi Korean, the record of a man called Pan-chokpal [a disparaging word for Zainichi that means “half-Japanese” in Korean], and his resistance to the prejudice, discrimination, poverty, and inequality that he experienced as a Zainichi, using haiku as a medium.
		The themes of his haiku are Zainichi, sôshi-kaimei “adoption of Japanese for Korean names”, pan-chokpal, and kika “naturalization”, which we will introduce through Kang’s haiku and notes.
		The more a Zainichi develops his self-confidence as a Korean, the more a real contempt for the Japanese is borne in his heart.
	www.modernhaiku.org /essays/KoreanJapaneseHaiku.html (1499 words)

	Zainichi, Burakumin, and Ainu: Japan's invisible minorities - Anime Academy Lounge
		Zainichi are the descendents of Korean and Chinese immigrants in Japan, mostly brought there as laborers during the colonial era and World War 2.
		Even though most of these people were born in Japan, speak Japanese fluently, do not know any Korean/Chinese, in other words are pretty much indistinguishable from the average Japanese, they do not have Japanese citizenship.
		Zainichi Kankokujin are descendents of Koreans, and Zainichi Chugokujin are Chinese.
	www.animeacademy.com /forums/showthread.php?p=310419 (1050 words)

	Japan's Hidden Role in the "Return" of Zainichi Koreans to North Korea
		Meanwhile there is one aspect of the shared history of the two countries which has been neglected by both sides, and where responsibilities for the past remain to be addressed.
		In his conversation with the ICRC official in 1956, Inoue is reported going on to say that the government had “decided to undertake repatriation, if necessary by provoking individual demands to go to the North”.
		Some 60,000 Zainichi Koreans had their welfare payments reduced or cancelled: a move which undoubtedly made the prospect of life in North Korea look more attractive than it would otherwise have seemed.
	www.hnn.us /articles/10199.html (2683 words)

	990530eiga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		We have been thinking that we can not miss a movie titled "Zainichi", literally meaning "Koreans living in postwar Japan." Mt. Yufu sits quietly under the clear sky of refreshing May. I love this view from Minami Yufu JR railroad station.
		This is why he decided his mind to record the history of Zainichi as precisely as possible.
		He said the history of Zainichi is also the exact history of Japanese themselves.
	www.coara.or.jp /~mieko/990530eiga/990530eiga.htm (558 words)

	Korean wave may help erode discrimination \| The Japan Times Online
		Most zainichi still use Japanese names even if they do not become naturalized because they know it is easier to get by in Japanese society if you have one.
		Show business was (and, in many cases, still is) a last resort for people on the margins, but many zainichi gravitated to the popular arts while hiding their backgrounds.
		Despite the greater awareness of the zainichi plight generated by best sellers like zainichi professor and media pundit Kang Sang Jung's autobiography, the issue is still considered taboo, as illustrated by the fact that many Japanese net-based bulletin boards have chat rooms where contributors anonymously and mischievously "out" celebrities they believe are zainichi.
	search.japantimes.co.jp /member/member.html?fd20040627pb.htm (935 words)

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