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	L. L. Zamenhof
		Zamenhof was born on December 15, 1859 in the town of Bialystok, Poland.
		As a student at secondary school in Warsaw, Zamenhof made attempts to create some kind of international language with a grammar that was very rich, but also very complex.
		For Zamenhof this language wasn't merely a communication tool, but a means of spreading his ideas on the peaceful coexistence of different peoples and cultures.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/za/Zamenhof.html (354 words)

	Wikinfo \| L. L. Zamenhof
		Ludovic Lazarus (Ludwik Lejzer) Zamenhof (December 15, 1859 - April 14, 1917) was a Jewish ophthalmologist, philologist and the initiator of Esperanto, the most widely spoken constructed language to date.
		Zamenhof's native language was Russian, but he also spoke Polish and German fluently.
		In 1885, Zamenhof graduated from university and began his practice as an ophthalmologist.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=L._L._Zamenhof (444 words)

	Esperanto history
		Marcus Zamenhof was an ambitious man and in 1873, when Ludoviko, his oldest son, was 14, the family moved to Warsaw where they lived in an apartment in the Jewish quarter.
		Zamenhof decided to publish in Russian partly because books in Russian were viewed with less suspicion by the government censors, and he decided to use a pseudonym lest suspicions of eccentricity cause damage to his professional career and to the reputation of his brothers.
		The tradition of the annual Universala Kongreso continued, and the speech by Zamenhof continued to be the main event, although he implored other Esperantists to simply think of him as the originator of the idea, which now belonged to all of them jointly, and to cease referring to him as the 'Majstro'.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~wies301/Esperanto_history.html (3622 words)

	L. L. Zamenhof Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ludovic Lazarus (Ludwik Lejzer) Zamenhof (December 15, 1859 - April 14, 1917) was a Polish-Jew ophthalmologist, philologist and the initiator of Esperanto, the most widely spoken constructed language to date.
		Zamenhof was born on December 15, 1859 in the town of Bialystok, in the part of Poland which was then a part of the Russian Empire, and the town's population was made up of three major ethnic groups: Poles, Belorusians, and a large group of Yiddish-speaking Jews.
		Zamenhof died in Warsaw on April 14, 1917.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Zamenhof_L_L.html (399 words)

	Esperanto - a critique
		Zamenhof first became interested in the idea of a planned international language in his schooldays, after rejecting Latin as too difficult to master.
		Zamenhof uses ks for hard x, but kz for the soft sound in example (after the example of the Russian), the latter being etymologically and phonetically unjustifiable.
		The efforts of Zamenhof in restricting the number of adopted roots has led to some roots being stretched to cover meanings not justified by their principal meaning, e.g.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Forum/5037/Esp.html (3298 words)

	Esperanto Literature: Part One
		Zamenhof's health had been deteriorating for years and even in 1911 he is reported as having told his other brother, Leon, that every international conference he attended was shortening his life by several years.
		It is not immediately obvious or easy to understand that although Zamenhof spent almost 15 years developing his International Language, once he had published it and it was accepted by thousands of people, his work, far from being over, had only just been done.
		During the period of time from his early teens until 1887, Zamenhof's role was similar to that of an artist or an inventor.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/esperanto/10429 (368 words)

	HS Essay about Esperanto
		Zamenhof designed his language to be an auxiliary language: he intended everyone to learn it as a second language, keeping their respective national tongues.
		Zamenhof worked to use components common to most language and to avoid the uncommon -- in a way, it can be argued that Zamenhof did not invent anything; he only rearranged what was already there (International Language).
		Zamenhof foresaw that changes in Esperanto would not be good for it; they would only confuse people, and then his language would not become alive, as it is today.
	www.angelfire.com /al2/esperanto/lizese1a.html (4659 words)

	What is Esperanto?
		Zamenhof had a vision and a passion which is still felt by Esperantists.
		Zamenhof chose word roots that would be recognizable to the greatest number of people.
		Zamenhof also chose sounds that were common to the most languages.
	www.language-learning-advisor.com /what-is-esperanto.html (704 words)

	The Convert: Lidia Zamenhof and the Bahai Faith
		The seventh point is more or less the same as Zamenhof's view that we should not judge any individual according to his racial origin but according to his behaviour and actions.
		But it is well-known that Zamenhof wished for peace among hostile nations...which decent person does not?...and he fully recognised the importance and value of education in the battle against ignorant prejudice and the destructive consequences of irrational hatred..
		Initially, Lidia probably shared her father's views and was not sympathetic to any religion but given the extent to which the basic principles of the Bahai faith matched those of Homarismo, she probably found it easy to listen courteously to the proselyting of Martha Root.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/esperanto/37254 (557 words)

	The Greatness of Dr. Zamenhof
		Zamenhof foresaw the wake of the peoples in Asia and Africa, which now are claming their place in the World Community of Nations.
		Zamenhof understood perfectly that a language is a social phenomenon, that if an International Language wants to play the role of real communication and of the thought of the international mass, this mass can be the owner of the language and make it evolve according to their needs.
		Zamenhof was not just the initiator of the language, but also its first writer and poet.
	storm.prohosting.com /jesuo/great.htm (2548 words)

	Zamenhof, L. L.
		Zamenhof was born the 15th of December 1859 in the Polish town Bialystok (then Poland was a part of Russian Empire).
		He supposed that the main reason for the hate and prejudice lay in reciprocal misunderstanding, caused by the lack of one common language that would play role of the neutral communication tool between people of different ethnic and linguistic backgrounds.
		In 1885 Zamenhof graduated from the university and began his practice as oculist.
	www.geocities.com /Oleg326756/GNUPedia/Zamenhof.html (399 words)

	Esperanto - Objectivism Online Forum
		Zamenhof set out to create a language that could be learned in months, rather than years.
		Zamenhof may have left parts unspecified in the very beginning (I don't know if this is true), but it couldn't possibly still be that way.
		Zamenhof thought this was because they didn't understand each other due to the different languages they spoke.
	forum.objectivismonline.net /index.php?showtopic=1403 (4871 words)

	Ludwig (Lazar Markovitch) Zamenhof (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Esperanto was invented by Ludwig Zamenhof, an eye doctor who grew up in Bialystok, Poland.
		Zamenhof decided to make a new language without these complications.
		Zamenhof intended for Esperanto to become a second language for the entire world.
	www.koshko.com /esperanto/index4.html (174 words)

	Comments About the Alphabet
		Problem is that W has this sound primarily in English and some Romance languages (it is rare in the latter); in the Germanic languages and those Slavic languages that are written with Latin letters, W usually has the sound of V (or, at the ends of words, sometimes F).
		Zamenhof could not use a digraph such as CH for that sound, since C and H have independent sounds of their own.
		Zamenhof himself used this method in telegrams (there are International Code characters for the Esperanto letters, but telegraphers who are familiar with them are few and far between).
	www.webcom.com /~donh/ecourse/ealfa1.html (2146 words)

	Stephen Zamenhof
		Stephen Zamenhof died on February 4, 1998 from complications of pneumonia at the age of 86.
		He was recalled to active status for some period thereafter and continued to make important contributions in fields at the forefront of biochemical research until a few years before his death, publishing a total of 250 scientific papers during his lifetime.
		In addition to establishing himself as a leader in research in the fields of nucleic acids and biochemical genetics, Zamenhof very early in his career began studies on the biochemistry of prenatal brain development.
	www.universityofcalifornia.edu /senate/inmemoriam/StephenZamenhof.htm (347 words)

	Esperanto Studies: An Overview
		Zamenhof¼s approach to the idea of an international language was surely filtered in some measure through the Jewish experience.
		Zamenhof saw very clearly that he must renounce ownership, must strive to create patterns of language loyalty, of shared ownership, leading to the creation of a language community.
		Rightly understood, Zamenhof¼s was not a language project pure and simple, but rather a blueprint for a new movement for international communication (or, to put it another way, for universal bilingualism).
	esperantic.org /ced/espstu.htm (3333 words)

	ZAMENHOF BENFEITOR DA HUMANIDADE
		Zamenhof sempre se dedicou a seus clientes pobres, proporcionando-lhes ate o fim de sua carreira dois dias da semana para consultas gratuitas, pedindo a seu filho Adam, igualmente médico, que continuasse essa pratica.
		Zamenhof cumprimentou cada um a parte, encorajou-os ao otimismo e de todos recebeu ardorosos agradecimentos pelo idioma que lhes proporcionava uma pequena claridade em seu mundo sem luz.
		Zamenhof quer fazer a longa viagem ao encontro de B...
	members.tripod.com /~espero/zamenhof_benfeitor.htm (1220 words)

	L. L. Zamenhof - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ludovic Lazarus (Ludwik Lejzer, Ludwik Łazarz) Zamenhof (December 15, 1859 – April 14, 1917) was an eye doctor, philologist, and the initiator of Esperanto, the most widely spoken and successful constructed language in the world.
		Zamenhof was born on December 15, 1859 in the town of Białystok (in Poland, then part of the Russian Empire) to parents of Lithuanian Jewish descent.
		Hundreds of city streets worldwide have been named after Zamenhof, in Lithuania, best known is Kaunas where he lived and owned a house for some time, also in France, Poland, Spain (mostly in Catalonia), Israel, and Brazil.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/L._L._Zamenhof (900 words)

	Biographie de L.L. Zamenhof
		Zamenhof parlait au moins une douzaine de langues.
		Plutôt que d'élaborer une grammaire détaillée, Zamenhof a préféré traduire, sur la base de la grammaire fondamentale, autant de chefs-d'oeuvres qu'il le pouvait.
		Revenons en arrière dans la vie de Zamenhof, en 1882, 1883 ; le 13 Juin 1882, première tentative de Zamenhof de la création à Varsovie du premier groupe sioniste avec des camarades étudiants en réaction contre les pogromes anti-juifs en Russie et en Pologne provoqués après l'assassinat du Tsar Alexandre II le 13 Mars 1881.
	esperanto-france.org /langue/biographie.html (1666 words)

	Israel Hasbara Committee
		Zamenhof, a thoughtful Jew, believed that language is a barrier to international communication and understanding, and that a universal language will result in the eventual breakdown of national barriers.
		Zamenhof rightfully understood that language is probably the most distinct feature of nationhood.
		Karon is entitled to his opinion as was Dr. Zamenhof.
	www.infoisrael.net /cgi-local/text.pl?source=4/b/viii/130620061 (463 words)

	Ranto (JBR AntiZamenhofism)
		Zamenhof's efforts to disguise Esperanto as Italian by adding final vowels are miserably inadequate.
		I notice Zamenhof adopts a Slavic approach to tenses in quoted speech: where English reports "we are!" either directly as "they said `We are!'" or indirectly as "they said that they were", Esperantists and Slavs have to say (in effect) "they said that they are" (tenses direct, everything else indirect).
		Zamenhof's "Sixteen Rules" are hardly "all the rules of Esperanto grammar on one page of notepaper"; they cover only derivational and inflectional morphology (ie word-building and word-endings).
	www.xibalba.demon.co.uk /jbr/ranto (4147 words)

	Why Ido? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Esperanto was a great improvement on its predecessor, and Zamenhof evidently thought that he was right to reject proven success in favour of future promise.
		Zamenhof himself rejected Volapük, despite its relatively widespread acceptance at the time, because he thought that the world deserved and needed something better.
		It is ironic that, apparently partly due to a misunderstanding by Zamenhof of the word 'primitive' - intended in the sense of 'original' but interpreted by him as meaning 'crude' - in connection with his (original) Esperanto, he took offence and refused to accept the Committee's unanimous verdict.
	users.aol.com /idolinguo/whyido.html (2145 words)

	L.L. Zamenhof - HadrianCyphreWeb
		Growing up, Zamenhof witnessed violence, which he associated with the misunderstanding and lack of communication between the participants.
		Were Zamenhof alive today, he might ask himself...
		Zamenhof's creation, Esperanto is a carefully planned language, with just a few rules, and a 100-year track record that keeps on going in the form of original and translated literature and songs, pen-pals on-line and on paper, and engaging activities the world over.
	home.att.net /~hadriancyphre/zamenhof.htm (282 words)

	Sketch of Life of Lidia Zamenhof
		Lidia Zamenhof was the youngest daughter of Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof, the originator of Esperanto.
		Her life and actions as a Baha'i of Jewish background and as a promoter and user of Esperanto and translator of many Baha'i writings into that language make her a significant figure in the history of the European and American Baha'i and Esperanto movements in the 1920s and 30s.
		Her life and tragic ending in the Warsaw Ghetto and the extermination camp of Treblinka have been rescued from obscurity in a very well researched book by Wendy Heller published by George Ronald (Lidia: The Life of Lidia Zamenhof, Daughter of Esperanto).
	bahai-library.com /essays/zamenhof.html (1006 words)

	Esperanto: A Language for the Global Village by Sylvan Zaft: Chapter XX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Among the early responses to Zamenhof's plan for an international language were a number of proposals to change the language.
		Zamenhof's comment on this request was that the word kaj was not arbitrarily invented but taken from Greek.
		The reason why Zamenhof rejected "et" was that "et" already had the meaning of "very small" in Esperanto.
	members.aol.com /sylvanz/gv15.htm (1186 words)

	zamenhof.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This is the preface by Gene Keyes to a new printing in 2000 of the original Esperanto proposal: an 1887 pamphlet by Ludovic Lazazrus Zamenhof, entitled Dr.
		Ludovic Lazarus Zamenhof (1859-1917) had a gift for languages, and a calling to help foster world amity: by a neutral second internacia lingvo that anyone anywhere could readily use: neither forsaking a mother tongue, nor imposing it.
		In 1889 Zamenhof published an English translation by Richard H. Geoghegan, a brilliant young Irish linguist.(1) All five are respectively considered the "First Book".
	www.genekeyes.com /zamenhof.html (547 words)

	Lázaro Luis Zamenhof (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		El haber estudiado tantas lenguas había permitido a Zamenhof estar compenetrado en el espíritu de la gramática y saber las diferencias que separaban a una lengua e otra.
		Algunos ya lo conocía, ya que Zamenhof había dado varias conferencias y un pequeño curso sobre este nuevo idioma a sus amigos.
		Fue entonces cuando Zamenhof se dio a la tarea de hacer varias traducciones al esperanto, entre ellas Hamlet, de Shekespeare; Los bandidos, de Schiller, Ifigenia en Táuride, de Goethe, El inspector, de Gogol, Georges Dandin, de Molière, así como muchos otros clásicos.
	www.geocities.com /fedeortiz/personajes/zamenhof.html (4109 words)

	Re: Esperanto (L. L. Zamenhof) 1887 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Zamenhof introduceva un proprie serie de suffixos que repelle le multitude de formas international.
		Zamenhof trovava certe adherentes qui immediatemente comenciava publicar magazines, con considerabile sacrificios personal de natura economic, e con enorme investimentos de tempore e labor.
		Zamenhof functionava ben, le congressos deveniva locos de peregrimage annual, jam ab le prime assatis grande (688 participantes in Boulogne-sur-Mer 1905).
	bowks.net /worldlang/aux/l_esperan.html (1454 words)

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