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	Zamindar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the Mughal Era, the Zamindari system was begun to ensure proper collection of taxes during a period when the power and influence of the Mughal emperors was in decline.
		Zamindari mansions were generally large, spacious homes built of stone and teak wood, with a wraparound porch and rooms leading off from a large central courtyard, although this varied with the region.
		The abolition of the Zamindari system (which divided the society into lords, owners of property, and commoners, users of property) in East Pakistan (1950) was a major landmark in Bangladesh's movement to a "people's state".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zamindari (746 words)

	DAYARAM & ORS v. DAWALATSHAH & ORS [1971] INSC 6; [1971] 3 SCR 324; [1971] 1 SCC 358; AIR 1971 SC 681 (8 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Under the Chanda Patent and the terms recorded in the Wajibul-Arz the Dhanora Zamindari was impartible and on the death of the holder it devolved upon his eldest son and in the absence of a legitimate or an adopted son it devolved upon the nearest male relative.
		They submitted that the Dhanora Zamindari was granted to Sitaram ancestor of Amarshah as an impartible estate, devolving by the rule of primogeniture; that the Zamindari on that account devolved on the death of Amarshah upon Pratapshah and that on the death of Pratapshah and Zamindari devolved upon the first plaintiff.
		It is recited in the Wajibul-arz that the Dhanora Zamindari is impartible, that on the death of the holder it devolves upon his eldest son and in the absence of a legitimate or an adopted son it devolves upon the nearest male relative.
	www.austlii.edu.au /~andrew/CommonLII/INSC/1971/6.html (4595 words)

	BANGLAPEDIA: Rajshahi Raj (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		When the east india company was granted the diwani administration of Bengal in 1765, they found the zamindari of Rajshahi in peaceful and prosperous conditions and as such did not disturb her, and kept her in the possession of her zamindari.
		The colonial state viewed these princely zamindaris as potential threats to the security of the new state, because their wealth and influence were so great that they could at any opportune moment combine and put the colonial state in great jeopardy.
		The zamindari was ultimately abolished under the east bengal state acquisition and tenancy act, 1950.
	banglapedia.org /HT/R_0083.HTM (1846 words)

	Liberation Community
		Zamindari has been abolished in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Madras and is in the process of abolition in Bihar.
		The responsibilities which a Government assumes with the abolition of zamindari are not confined to the collection of rent, for, important obligations relating to waste lands, forests, fisheries and other miscellaneous rights have to be accepted.
		If allowance is made for factors such as quality of land, area under tenants and the elimination of zamindari and jagirdari rights, the general picture is one of numerous small holdings, a large proportion of them being uneconomic, a small number of middle peasants and a sprinkling of substantial owners.
	liberationcommunity.stanford.edu /sarvodaya/fiveyear1.htm (7358 words)

	BANGLAPEDIA: Bhawal Estate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The zamindari management of the Bhawal raja was unique in the sense that the raja himself managed the zamindri.
		Ever since the Bhawal Case the zamindari succession became an extremely complex affair and consequently the management of the zamindari continued to remain under the Court of Wards down to 1950 when the zamindari system was abolished.
		The assets and liabilities, which could not be distributed after the abolition of the zamindari due to knotty succession questions and unresolved title suits, remained under the care of the Court of Wards during Pakistan period.
	banglapedia.org /HT/B_0483.HTM (847 words)

	Chapter Four
		Fathers passed the village offices of headman and magistrate down to their sons; and in zamindari estates, relatives of the owner and his minions formed the local elite; but a broader based agrarian citizenry formed politically as the state acquired more power to adjudicate and appoint without reference to heredity.
		The reservation of forests, for instance, produced countless law suits by zamindars who claimed forest lands on the borders of their estates: middle class bureaucrats, lawyers, and zamindar sons and retainers were involved in these conflicts — on all sides — in towns and cities.
		None succeeded, but their legacies live in today’s regional political movement for regional autonomy in Jharkhand, "the land of jungles." As Santhals were driven back from the moving borders of zamindari land, the state instituted tribal territories to segregate forest peoples in Bastar, other parts of the central mountains, and regions of the high mountains.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~dludden/cambhis4.htm (20186 words)

	Swami And Friends - Arvind N. Das (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The family held a small zamindari, income from which had sufficed in Sahajanand's grandfathers' time, but as the family grew and the land was partitioned, prosperity dwindled and (tenant) cultivation became the main occupation.
		Gradually, Sahajanand also came round to the view that the zamindari system was `an obstacle in the way of economic and social advancement of society' and that `zamindars were parasitical elements fattening on the blood of the toiling peasantry'.
		Thus at the 3rd session of BPKS at Hajipur in Muzaffarpur district, the policy of zamindari abolition without compensation was adopted in November 1935.
	www.virginia.edu /~soasia/symsem/kisan/papers/swami.html (15530 words)

	WHAT WERE CHARAN SINGH'S CONTRIBUTIONS AS A JAT, or AS A LEADER FOR COMMON PEOPLE ? - Jatland Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		For those not familiar, the Zamindari system was simply a tax collection system where some"zamindar's" were given contracts to collect tax revenue from a number of villages.
		Zamindari abolition gave rights to those peasants who were cultivating that piece of land.
		The enactment of the law abolishing Zamindari, it turned out was only the first half of the “mortal struggle against landlordism”, the implementation had to be carried out in face of fierce resistance from large landlords—the traditional constituency of the Congress.
	www.jatland.com /forums/showthread.php?t=865 (3936 words)

	Land Reforms in Bihar
		The main role in these movements for zamindari abolition during the British raj was of occupancy and non-occupancy ryots.
		This is the reason why the biggest benefit of zamindari abolition went to the occupancy and non-occupancy ryots.
		As we have seen, in spite of the implementation of the zamindari abolition act, most of the erstwhile zamindars still retained a large part of their land.
	www.cpiml.org /liberation/year_1997/july/article3.htm (3834 words)

	The Politics Of Land And The Besieged Lot By Goldy M. George
		A close examination of various land reforms laws has shown that the present legislative measures have become so complex that a graduated or phased program of implementation according to priority attached in each problem in various areas was what was really absent in it.
		The Zamindari land revenue system generally conferred the right of private ownership of land on persons who belonged to the upper strata of the society.
		While the Zamindari system continued to be based on intermediaries, the records maintained in Zamindari areas remained silent about record of rights of the actual tiller.
	www.countercurrents.org /hr-george281203.htm (5514 words)

	Burdwan (Zamindari) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Zamindari of Burdwan was one of the largest and richest feudal estates in the province of Bengal, Created under Mughal rule in the 17th century, the estate flourished under the British and was noted for its support of education and the arts.
		The family continued to hold the fief of Burdwan until Zamindaris were abolished by the government of India in 1956.
		During the three centuries that they held the estate of Burdwan, the Kapoor family contributed richly to the development of Burdwan as a cultural center.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Burdwan_(Zamindari) (1532 words)

	Rediff On The NeT: B G Verghese asks why Bihar should remain backward>
		The agrarian scene truly conformed to the saying "Large fleas have little fleas on their backs to bite them; little fleas have lesser fleas and so on ad infinitum." Begar, debt, bondage and increasing immiserisation was to lot of the poor peasant.
		Came Independence and the abolition of zamindari in fulfillment of the Congress promise of land to the tiller and the removal of all intermediaries.
		However, a class of small zamindars and middle peasants were able to assert their rights, marking the rise of the middle castes.
	www.rediff.com /news/jul/11bihar4.htm (473 words)

	Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal - Cambridge University Press
		Professor McLane explores the dual and sometimes conflicting roles of the zamindars, the landed chiefs, in eighteenth-century western Bengal during the decline of the Mughal empire and the rise of the British hegemony.
		He focuses on zamindari rent extraction, techniques of coercion, and the meaning of gift-giving and gift-receiving.
		He shows how the zamindars kept alive the rituals, patronage, and other traditions of normative Hindu kingship for their subjects in the villages while they extracted revenue from the peasantry and intermediate gentry for the government of the Mughals and then the English East India Company.
	www.cambridge.org /us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521410746 (255 words)

	Forest of Munger, Bihar.(Developed By - Md. Farhan)
		These forests are located in the South- West part of the District in the famous Kharagpur hill range south of river Ganga and are surrounded on all sides by non-forest areas inhabited by dense population.
		After abolition of zamindari system, the ownership of these Forests vasted with the state Government.
		Even prior to the vesting of ownership rights, the zamindari Forests of Banaili Estate were taken over by the state u/s 38 of the Indian Forest act 1927 through an agreement entered into with the Ex-zamindari Forests of Banaili estate were given the lagal status of Reserved forests under Indian Forest Act 1927.
	munger.nic.in /ATMA/Munger/Forest_page.htm (1030 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Indeed, the rise of several of the zamindari houses in Bengal occurs in the context of the seventeenth-century Mughal need for loyalty and non-threatening allies in Bengal, who could help bring the newly conquered territory under imperial government control.
		The Burdwan zamindari, for instance, by 1702 the premier estate west of the Hooghly, grew in fortune and prestige from the beginning of Jahangir's reign through that of Muhammad Shah.
		The Burdwan zamindari under Tilakcand (1744-1770) sank to its lowest levels ever by the time of his death in 1770, during the Bengal famine, when he and his family were reduced to indigence.
	www.lib.uchicago.edu /e/su/southasia/Rachel.1.html (2459 words)

	Childish Fears Overcome
		Their older sibling Ratna was in a nearby college and so the three Zamindari girls used to go to school and college in their Cadillac car.
		Though extraordinarily brilliant, Janu was a timid child by nature and one who adhered to her elders’ instructions, not just in the letter and spirit but in the syllables and sounds both phonemes and morphemes.
		The Zamindari girls used to bring packed lunches of curd rice or sambar rice even in the morning.
	www.chennaionline.com /Columns/shortstories/story15.asp (967 words)

	COSSIM BAZAR
		Maharaja LOKNATH NANDI 1794/1804, extended the zamindari to many other parts of Bengal, was granted the title of Maharaja from the Nawab of Murshidabad, married and had issue.
		Maharaja HARINATH NANDI 1804/1832, the zamindari was managed by the Court of Wards from 1804 to 1820, married and had issue.
		Maharaja KRISHNANATH NANDI 1833/1844, the zamindari was managed by the Court of Wards from 1833 to 1840.
	www.uq.net.au /~zzhsoszy/ips/c/cossimbazar.html (292 words)

	Rupasi zamindari glory goes to oblivion
		But the old palatial buildings, house-hold antiques and other structures now in ruined state possessed by them are an ample examples of the glorious past of the Zamindary system.
		The Zamindaries of the north bank of the mighty Brahmaputra in Goalpara district earlier were known as — Bijani Raj estate, Chapar estate, Bagribari Raj estate, Gauripur Raj estate, Taria estate and Nowabad, Futri.
		The rulers of these estate were Koch-Rajbanshi community who originated from the present Bodo community and in due course were converted into Hinduism.
	www.assam.org /news/ag/rupasi_zamindari_glory_goes_to_o.htm (434 words)

	[No title]
		My submission is that 'zamindari' is not a property at all and therefore it should be discriminated from the other types of property.
		I was only trying to point out that the zamindari property is a different kind of property and therefore it has been rightly treated so in clauses (4) and (6) of this article.
		Even earlier, than be thought of it, in 1938, as a member of the Zamindari Abolition Committee I have clearly advocated that these Zamindaris must be abolished because they were anachronisms and they have ceased to servo their purpose.
	parliamentofindia.nic.in /ls/debates/vol9p31c.htm (13346 words)

	Minorities vs Shudras or ultra Hindus
		Immediately after Independence, the abolition of zamindari turned into the Central Government's agenda.
		A strong lobby within the Congress, however, opposed the policy and most states were reluctant to implement it - but Pt Nehru was firm.
		Zamindari abolition began in1948 and was completed by the mid 50s.
	www.ambedkar.org /chandrabhan/Minoritiesvs.htm (886 words)

	GORDHAN DAS v. PIRKHAN & ORS [2001] INSC 649 (27 November 2001) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Madhya Pradesh Zamindari Abolition Act, 1951 (for short the Zamindari Abolition Act) came into force on 2nd of October, 1951.
		Under the Zamindari Abolition Act, the intermediary was expropriated so that the tiller of the soil became tenant directly under the State.
		It was alleged that Naharkhan inducted Gulkhan as a tenant before coming into force of the Zamindari Abolition Act and therefore he became a Pacca tenant and continued possession by cultivating suit land.
	www.austlii.edu.au /~andrew/CommonLII/INSC/2001/649.html (1212 words)

	Geoffrey A. Gish; Weston Rutledge Financial Services, Inc.; Zamindari Capital, LLC; Lexington International Fund, LLC ...
		The Complaint alleges that from as early as February 2004 through the present, Gish and the other defendants have fraudulently sold at least $8.8 million of securities to more than 100 investors located in several states.
		The complaint alleges that Gish operated the Zamindari, Lexington and Oxford Adams programs as a Ponzi scheme.
		On May 17, 2006, the Court issued an order granting the Commission's requests for (i) a temporary restraining order; (ii) an asset freeze; (iii) an accounting of all funds raised; (iv) an appointment for defendants Weston Rutledge, Zamindari, Lexington, and Oxford Adams; and (v) an order expediting discovery and preventing the destruction of documents.
	www.sec.gov /litigation/litreleases/2006/lr19705.htm (371 words)

	Bardhaman Online - History of Bardhaman District (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In 1736, a firman was granted to Kirti Chandra by emperor Mahammed Shah of Delhi, conferring on him the zamindari of Chandrakona.
		Rani Vishnukumari took over the charge and managed the affairs of the zamindari from 1776 to 1779 and handed over charge to her fourteen years old son Tejchand.
		But with other zamindari estates of West Bengal dismemberment of the Barddhaman estate started soon after the Permanent settlement and in 1797 the Board of Revenue ordered sale of portions of the zamindari for realization of arrears of revenue and thus resulted the near ruin of the most powerful and influential authority of Barddhaman.
	www26.brinkster.com /burdwan/home/history.asp (2440 words)

	The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 5 Num 535 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Most people reckoned that in the zamindari fashion of the time he would grow to lead a life of pomp and gaiety, perhaps in a big city like Calcutta.
		Despite stiff opposition from his family members and friends, he gave away his own safe and secure constituency within his zamindari in favour of Moulvi Tamizuddin Khan, regarded by him as his political guru.
		This was a very rare gesture demonstrating his large-heartedness and respect for a person, who, he thought, was more qualified to serve the people.
	www.thedailystar.net /2005/11/28/d511281503117.htm (838 words)

	Amazon.com: zamindari (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Zamindari system in Assam during British rule: A case study of Goalpara District by Santo Barman (Unknown Binding - 1994)
		The law of zamindari abolition in U.P. Act No. I of 1951): An exhaustive commentary on the U.P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950, as...
		Land reforms legislation in Rajasthan;: With special reference to the Rajasthan zamindari & biswedari abolition act, 1959, with reference to the provisions...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=zamindari&tag=dragoncon&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (511 words)

	Land Question and Land Struggle in Orissa
		Madras revenue system was exercised in Koraput, Ganjam and part of Phulboni districts (The Madras Estate Land Act, 1908, applied both for Zamindari and Rayatwari areas; the rights of Landholders were governed by executive instructions).
		As in Zamindari area, landholders could freely sublet land to tenants who enjoyed no protection under the Law.
		In the post-British era, in the face of growing agrarian crisis and unrest Nehru resorted to “Zamindari Abolition” throughout the land.
	www.cpiml.org /liberation/year_2005/january/land_struggle_orissa.htm (3005 words)

	The Hindu : Other States / Uttar Pradesh News : No amendment to Zamindari Act
		Succumbing to pressure from supporting party legislators and ministers, the Uttar Pradesh Government today clarified no amendment would be made in the controversial clauses of the Zamindari Act to be brought in the Assembly next week.
		State Revenue Minister Ambika Choudhury told reporters here, that there was no question of change in the clause on the sale of land by the Schedule Castes or government land occupied by them.
		Republication or redissemination of the contents of this screen are expressly prohibited without the written consent of The Hindu
	www.hindu.com /2004/07/31/stories/2004073107730300.htm (218 words)

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