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Topic: Zand dynasty

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	History of Iran: Zand Dynasty
		arim Khan Zand -of humble tribal origin- became one of the generals of his predecessor, Nader Shah.
		In 1789 Lotf Ali Khan (ruled 1789-94) proclaimed himself as the new Zand king and took energetic action to put down a rebellion led by Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar that had begun at Karim Khan's death.
		His defeat marked the final eclipse of the Zand dynasty, which was supplanted by that of the Qajars.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/zand/zand.php (382 words)

	Qajar dynasty Summary
		The headship of the dynasty is inherited by the eldest male descendent of Mohammad Ali Shah.
		The heir presumptive is the Qajar claimant to the throne of Iran.
		Qajars Dynasty Turkoman dynasty of the Shahs of Persia
	www.bookrags.com /Qajar_dynasty (3130 words)

	Safavid dynasty - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		dynasty from Iranian Azarbaijan that ruled from 1501 to 1736, and which established Shi'a Islam as Iran's official religion and united its provinces under a single Iranian sovereignty, thereby reigniting the Persian identity and acting as a bridge to modern Iran.
		Throughout the rest of the decade Ismail I fended off attacks from the Ottomans, stamped out the remnants of the Ak Koyunlu and continued to expand his territory — Hamadan in 1503, Shiraz and Kerman in 1504, Najaf and Karbala in 1507, Van in 1508, Baghdad in 1509, Khorasan and Herat in 1510.
		The Afghans rode roughshod over their conquered territory for a dozen years but were prevented from making further gains by Nadir Shah, a former slave who had risen to military leadership within the Afshar tribe in Khorasan, a vassal state of the Safavids.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Safavid_dynasty (3343 words)

	:: :: :: :: :: Rangineh Gallery - Iranian Textile Design - Qajar Dynasty :: :: :: :: ::
		With the exception of the Zand interval (1750-79), the history of 18th century Iran was marred by tribal violence.
		The Zand and Qajar periods saw a continuation of oil painting introduced in the 17th century, and the decoration of lacquer boxes and book-bindings.
		It is known that the founder of the Qajar dynasty, Aqa Muhammad Khan, decorated his Tehran audience hall with paintings looted from the Zand palace and Mirza Baba (one of Karim Khan's court artists) went on to become Fath 'Ali Shah's first painter-laureate.
	www.rangineh.ir /qajar.htm (568 words)

	About Iran
		The Qajar dynasty, which ruled Persia from 1794 to 1925, was not a direct continuation of the Safavid period.
		The tone of these Zand paintings contrast sharply with the later images of Fath Ali Shah (the second of the seven rulers of the Qajar dynasty) and his court.
		It is known that the founder of the Qajar dynasty, Agha Muhammad Khan, decorated his Tehran audience hall with paintings looted from the Zand palace and Mirza Baba (one of Karim Khan's court artists) went on to become Fath 'Ali Shah's first painter-laureate.
	www.postchi.com /main/Iran/History/English/qajar&zand_arts.php (1262 words)

	[No title]
		Karim Khan Zand’s Citadel is hard to miss-a large, imposing square-shaped structure with high walls and circular towers at each corner that rise 14 meters high, one of them sagging much like Pisa’s bell tower; it is a veritable fortress.
		He still involved himself in a rigorous schedule of lecturing and overseeing issues that concerned the preservation of Zand Dynasty era structures (for example, it was he who initiated the renovation of the citadel) and artifacts.
		He had made himself a consummate Zand historian, and regaled us, as it were, with some of the old stories of K.K's generosity and heroism (Karim Khan's reign, although short-lived, is considered the one benevolent period in Iran's rocky political history).
	www.greatestcities.com /users/rzand/4353.html (2177 words)

	Samanid - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Samanids (875-999) (in Persian: سامانیان‎ Samanian) were a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and eastern Iran, named after its founder Saman Khoda.
		It was among the first native Iranian dynasties in Iran and Central Asia after the Arab conquest and the collapse of the Sassanid Persian empire.
		To legitimate the dynasty, the Samanids claimed to be descendants of the Sassanid spahbod and Emperor Bahram Chobin, and thus descendants of the royal Mihran Clan, one of the ancient Seven Parthian Clans who governed mainland Iran for centuries.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Samanid (393 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		The dynasty was formed by Karim Khan, chief of the Zand tribe of Kurds [1] From Luristan who had previously been moved by Nadir Shah to eastern Iran, but had returned after the death of the latter.
		Biggest enemies of the Zands, the Qajar chiefs lead by the former hostage, Agha Mohammad Khan, were advancing fast against the declining kingdom.
		The Zand era was an era of relative peace and economic growth for the country.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Zand_dynasty (732 words)

	Archaeologists identify gravestone of Karim Khan’s mother
		Tappeh-Pari is the birthplace of Karim Khan (1705-1779), the first ruler of the Zand dynasty in Iran, who restored peace to the kingdom after the strife following the collapse of the Safavid dynasty.
		The gravestones of women from the Zand era usually bear bas-reliefs of praying seals, rosaries, mirrors, combs, and cloth covers for praying seals, and the men’s gravestones of the era bear bas-reliefs of hubble-bubbles, daggers, rifles, and horses, as well as praying seals and rosaries.
		Karim Khan Zand never claimed the title of “shahanshah” (“king of kings”), but used the title “vakil al-roaya”, which means the representative of the people.
	www.mehrnews.ir /en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=307248 (266 words)

	Persia - IBWiki
		The overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty by the hardline Abbasid clan in 750 marked the renewal of hostilities between Persia and the Caliphate.
		The dynasty was formed by Karim Āghā, chief of the Zand tribe of Lurs who had previously been moved by Nadir Shah to eastern Persia, but had returned after the death of the latter.
		The dynasty was founded in 1781 by Agha Muhammad Āghā, of Iranian Turk origin, He defeated the last ruler of the Zand dynasty in 1796 but was himself assassinated only a year later.
	ib.frath.net /w/Persia (3988 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Dynasty
		It is named for the five successive short-lived dynasties and the ten dominant kingdoms that existed during this period.
		The name derives from their ancestor Hasmoneus, but the first of the ruling dynasty was Simon Maccabeus, who became leader of the Maccabean revolt against the Seleucid king 143 and, in victory, was made high priest, ruler, and ethnarch...
		Dynasty Technologies and Mercury Interactive join forces to improve quality of highly distributed client/server applications; first automated testing solution for DYNASTY Version 3 development environment.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Dynasty&StartAt=31 (779 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Zand dynasty
		Biggest enemies of the Zands, the Qajar chiefs lead by the former hostage, Agha Mohammad Khan, were advancing fast against the declining kingdom.
		The Zand era was an era of relative peace and economic growth for the country.
		The art of this era is remarkable and despite the short length of the dynasty, a distinct Zand art had the time to emerge.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Zand_dynasty (752 words)

	Zand Dynasty Company Ltd.
		Zand Dynasty Co., Ltd. is proud to contribute to the replacement of chemical pesticide by bio-pesticide.
		Dr. Zand is one of the two founders of Zand Dynasty Company Ltd. Dr. Zand is decisive in enhancing any trade activity which contributes to a healthier agriculture and environment both in modern and developing countries.
		Tian is the other founder of Zand Dynasty Company Ltd. As the marketing manager she has had a very successful record in the company.
	zanddynasty.ebigchina.com (433 words)

	A brief history of Iran
		In succeeding centuries, Persia was invaded by the Parthians, the Arabs, the Mongols and various Turkish dynasties.
		Another Turkish dynasty, the Safavids, took control in the 16th century, only to be ousted by yet another Turkish tribe, the Qajar, in the 18th century.
		It was during his reign that Persia once again came to be known in Europe as a superpower, because it was the greatest opponent of the Ottomans, and their wars saved Europe, the Ottomans being too occupied on the east fighting Iran to make headway in the west.
	www.sitara.com /iran/history.html (687 words)

	info: Zand_dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Iransaga - Persian Art, The Zand and Qajar Periods, Part 1Karim Khan was also a noted patron to painting, and the Safavid-European tradition of monumental figure painting was revived under the Zand dynasty, as part of an overall revival of the arts.
		Iran: HistoryZand Dynasty (1750-1794) The Zand Dynasty - Persia: The Zand Dynasty - Zand Dynasty (Almanach) - Zand Dynasty - The Rise of the Zands.
		Shiraz Shiraz was the capital of Iran during the Zand dynasty.
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Zand_dynasty.html (354 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for zand
		1779, ruler of Persia (1750-79), founder of the Zand dynasty.
		or Agha Muhammad Khan, 1742-97, shah of Persia, founder of the Qajar dynasty.
		In 1794, he captured and killed the last ruler of the Zand dynasty (see Iran) and ended his campaign with...
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=zand (528 words)

	Definition of Zand dynasty
		The Zand dynasty ruled southern and central Iran in the eighteenth century.
		The dynasty was formed by Karim Khan Zand, chief of the Zand tribe of Lurs who had previously been moved by Nader Shah to eastern Iran, but had returned after the death of the latter.
		The Zand era was an era of relative peace and economic growth for the country.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Zand_dynasty (707 words)

	Persian Empire - Wikinfo
		Persia emerged in the 6th century BC under the Achaemenid dynasty as a vast empire that controlled an area from India to Greece.
		Many dynasties have ruled Iran, the first of which was under the Achaemenids (559 - 330 BC), a dynasty founded by Cyrus the Great.
		The conqueror Nadir Shah and his successors were followed by the Zand dynasty, founded by Karim Kahn, and later the Qajar (1795-1925) and the Pahlavi dynasties (1925-1979).
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Persian_Empire (787 words)

	AllRefer.com - Iran : History : Early History to the Zand Dynasty, Middle East (Middle Eastern Political Geography) - ...
		The Safavid dynasty (1502–1736), founded by Shah Ismail, restored internal order in Iran and established the Shiite sect of Islam as the state religion; it reached its height during the reign (1587–1629) of Shah Abbas I (Abbas the Great).
		The fall of the Safavid dynasty was brought about by the Afghans, who overthrew the weak shah, Husein, in 1722.
		The Afshar dynasty was followed by the Zand dynasty (1750–94), founded by Karim Khan, who established his capital at Shiraz and adorned that city with many fine buildings.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/I/Iran-history.html (454 words)

	Fars
		To many, Shiraz is one of the most pleasant cities in Iran, with its relaxed and generous inhabitant, wide- trees- lined avenues, and multitude of monuments, gardens and mosques.
		This well preserved fortress was part of the royal courtyard in the time of Zand dynasty.
		It was the capital of Iran during the Achaemenid dynasty.
	www.mohajeri.com /fars.htm (638 words)

	About Shiraz
		It was also one of the most important cities in the medieval Islamic world and was the Iranian capital during the Zand dynasty (1747-79) when many of its most beautiful buildings were built or restored.
		Much of the architectural inheritance of Shiraz, and especially the royal district of the Zands, was either neglected or destroyed as a result of irresponsible town planning under the Pahlavi dynasty.
		This well-preserved fortress with four 14m-high circular towers was, in time of the Zand dynasty, part of a royal courtyard which Karim Khan hoped would rival that of Isfahan.
	www.neopersia.com /about-shiraz.htm (4782 words)

	New Page 1
		Karim Khan Zand -of humble tribal origin- became one of the generals of his predecessor, Nader Shah.
		He was a compassionate ruler who refused to assume the title of shahanshah (king of kings) but used that of the vakil (regent).
		During 1751-63 Karim consolidated the Zand position in western Iran; by 1763 all of Iran except eastern parts of Khorasan (which remained under Shahrokh a grandson of Nadir) and the Afghan territory came under Karim who chose to be referred to as the Vakil al-Ro
	bss.sfsu.edu /behrooz/Zand.htm (548 words)

	Zand dynasty
		The Zand dynasty ruled southern and central Iran in the eighteenth century.
		The dynasty was formed by Karim Khan Zand, chief of the Zand tribe of Lurs who had previously been moved by Nader Shah to eastern Iran, but had returned after the death of the latter.
		Other than the obvious propaganda value of the title, it can be a reflection of the popular demands of the time, expecting rulers with popular leanings instead of absolute monarchs who were totally detached from the population, like the later Safavids.
	207.150.180.135 /Zand_dynasty (639 words)

	Welcome to Babol.com
		Led by Seyed Qavamuddin Marashi, known as Mirbozorg, the Marashi Dynasty was established in Mamteyr in that year and this led the followers and students of Mirbozorg to increase traffic to Mamteyr and gradually Mamteyr was changed into Barforooshdeh (city of cargo sellers).
		During a battle near Bushehr with Sheikh Ali Khan Zand in 1758 Mohammad Hassan Khan was killed and Mazandaran was conquered by the Zand Dynasty and its capital was transferred from Sari to Barforoosh.
		During the Zand period Barforoosh which had been converted into Mazandaran's capital was much favored by the Zand governors and since its citizens supported the Zand Dynasty, Aqa Mohammad Khan, the first Qajar king who had overcome Lotfali Khan of the Zand dynasty, transferred the capital of Mazandaran from Barforoosh to Sari.
	www.babol.com (1952 words)

	AFTER THE FALL OF SASANIAN DYNASTY
		Despite all this, by the end of the Safavid dynasty (1400 AD) there were 3 to 5 million Zoroastrians in Iran (nearly one fifth of Iran's Population).
		The Caspian province of Mazandaran was ruled by a Zoroastrian dynasty known as Pâduspiân until 1597.
		The Afghan revolt was defused by Nâdar Shah of Afsharid dynasty (1736-47).
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/Post-Sasanian/after_fall.htm (2820 words)

	Safavid dynasty - WikIran
		The Safavid dynasty (Persian: صفویان, Safavi) were a native Iranian dynasty that ruled Persia as active sovereigns from 1501-1722.
		Between the years 1722-36, the last two Safavid rulers were the officially recognized monarchs, but only in name as they had no effective control over the empire, until 1736 when the dynasty was dissolved and the Afsharid dynasty was founded under Nadir Shah.
		However, Safavid pretenders to the throne began appearing as early as 1722 during the de facto reign of the Afghan ruler Ashraf Khan, and continued to surface as late as 1773 during the reign of the Zand dynasty.
	www.wikiran.org /w/index.php?title=Safavid (155 words)

	SOAS: The Brunei Gallery: Previous Exhibitions: ROYAL PERSIAN PAINTINGS: A short history
		This Safavid-European tradition survived the turmoils of the second quarter of the sixth century to flourish under the Zand dynasty (1750-1794) in a form that influenced the art of the early Qajars.
		The Safavid-European tradition of monumental figural painting was revived under the Zand dynasty, as part of an overall revival of the arts.
		It was symbolic that the founder of the Qajar dynasty, Aqa Muhammad Khan, decorated his Tehran audience hall with paintings looted from the Zand palace; and Mirza Baba went on to become Fath 'Ali Shah's first painter-laureate (naqqash-bashi).
	www.soas.ac.uk /gallery/Qajar/history.html (2043 words)

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