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Topic: Zapata swamps

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	WWF - Cienaga de Zapata wetlands benefit from grassroots education programme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The "friends of the birds" club is just one of the many grassroots environmental education projects established in the region as part of a broad-based wetlands conservation and management programme funded in part by WWF in partnership with Cuban government agencies.
		The shoe-shaped Zapata peninsula lies 156km southeast of Havana and extends east and west of the Bay of Pigs.
		While the Cienaga de Zapata is the largest and best known of Cuba's wetlands, 20 per cent of the archipelago is made up of wetlands and WWF is also supporting a project to identify additional Ramsar sites.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/where_we_work/latin_america_and_caribbean/where/cuba/news/index.cfm?uNewsID=2516 (936 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Cuban wetlands (NT0902)
		Swamps are a major type of wetland that are flooded most of the time, with vegetation growing on a layer of peat.
		Birds in the Cuban Wetlands ecoregion include the Zapata sparrow, an endangered bird with only a small patch of suitable habitat left in the wild; the elusive Zapata wren, which is found only on the Zapata Peninsula; the colorful red-shouldered flbird; and a number of rails and waterbirds.
		Logging and grazing in swamps is problematic because it causes the swamps to shift to boggy meadows or wet savannas, changing the habitat and threatening species adapted to the swamp conditions.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/nt/nt0902.html (538 words)

	Cuba - MSN Encarta
		Forests cover about one quarter of the island, but original forest is confined to some of the highest peaks in the Sierra Maestra and in the mangrove swamps of the Zapata Peninsula.
		There are many hundreds of species of birds, some of which are endangered, such as the carpintero real woodpecker, the ivory-billed woodpecker, the pygmy owl, the Cuban green parrot, and the ferminia.
		Cuba has the greatest biodiversity in the Caribbean, much of it endemic, and the country's vast mangrove swamps and wetlands support a wide variety of marine life.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761569844_2/Cuba.html (1005 words)

	Cuba - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		The largest area of swamp in the country is the Zapata Peninsula, south-east of Havana.
		Cuba has a wide variety of tropical vegetation, with some 6,000 species of plant, around half of which are native to the island.
		In the Zapata Peninsula alone there are 170 species of native birds, which are joined by many hundreds more species of migrating waterbirds and others.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761569844___38/Cuba.html (1024 words)

	Travel Agency to Cuba, Mexico and the Caribbean - Report
		Located in the western province of Matanzas, the Zapata Peninsula is one of the largest swamps in the Caribbean, covering an area of 5,000 square kilometers of forests, marshes, and crystal-clear lagoons and canals.
		The Zapata Peninsula holds the Laguna del Tesoro (Treasure Lagoon), a four-meter-deep natural reservoir of fresh water covering 900 hectares and inhabited by golden trout, which is highly coveted by fishing aficionados.
		For all this, the Zapata Peninsula is more than a mere natural refuge, because it offers its treasures to vacationers who bet on enjoying their leisure time in Cuba's many destinations.
	www.vacacionartravel.com /ReportInfo.aspx?rc=133 (514 words)

	www.crocfiles.co.uk/gallery
		Siamese crocodile, Cambodia, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam; Prefers slow-moving areas of freshwater (swamps, sheltered parts of rivers and streams), and such areas may be refugia for the remaining small populations in the wild.
		Cuban crocodile, Zapata Swamp in northest Cuba; Medium-sized crocodilian, reaching 3.5 m in length.
		Australian freshwater crocodile, permanent freshwater areas such as lakes, billabongs and swamps in Australia; a relatively small crocodilian which rarely exceeds 2.5 to 3 m in the wild and takes many years to reach this size.
	www.martincox.assureweb.com /gallery.htm (515 words)

	Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Zapata’s first tune invites us to take a “Boat Ride”, its melody pulling us back in time down the Mississippi River to the swamps and bayous of the South.
		For bringing his vision to life through his superb songwriting, singing and guitar playing, Zapata should be considered without a doubt, an American original, in the same vein as John Cage, Aaron Copeland, Bob Dylan and Leonard Bernstein.
		Buddy Zapata is a roots musician, but he's no stuffed shirt.
	www.buddyzapata.com /Reviews.htm (298 words)

	globeandmail.com : Cuba's last refuge
		No more than 6,000 of these scaly reptiles remain in Zapata's freshwater swamps, making it one of the most vulnerable crocodile species in the world and also one of the hardest to see in the wild.
		Wetlands and waterways are everywhere in Zapata, especially in the rainy season.
		One of the more remote spots in Zapata, Santo Tomas is reached by a potholed road that is the bane of local residents.
	www.theglobeandmail.com /servlet/story/LAC.20031105.CUBA05/TPStory/TPTravel/Idx?pageRequested=2 (758 words)

	The Bay of Pigs: A Struggle For Freedom
		The area was bordered by the Zapata Swamps on the flanks, and there were few access roads to allow Castro's forces to approach.
		The area was surrounded by the Zapata swamps, which are almost impenetrable.
		The troops could not navigate through the thick swamps, and eventually all were forced to return to the roads where the militia patrols were waiting for them.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1984/EJR.htm (21025 words)

	Great Creek osprey nest platform gets a makeover
		He flew south until he reached the Cienaga Zapata (Zapata Swamp) in Cuba on Sept. 25, where he settled down.
		The swamp is an immense wetland that is apparently a prime osprey habitat.
		Conanicus seems to have found the Zapata swamps much to his liking, for he has been in the area ever since.
	www.jamestownpress.com /news/2006/0302/Front_Page/004.html (839 words)

	Tours from Varadero, Cuba with Cuba Excursions.com
		You can explore its caves and escarpments, a necklace of virgin cays that are easy to get to and the carefully preserved natural landscape at the northeastern end of the peninsula.
		In addition, Cárdenas, the nearby city of Matanzas, the Zapata Peninsula and the San Miguel de los Baños Spa offer cultural, historic and natural attractions.
		Visit to the Ciénaga de Zapata (Zapata swamps) in the province of Matanzas.
	www.cuba-excursions.com /by_destination/varadero.htm (609 words)

	ZOO -- REPTILE WORLD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is found in Cuba, notably in the Zapata swamps and the Isla de la Juventud.
		Although a palustrine crocodilian, well adapted for marsh and swamplands, it occupies all available aquatic habitats from marshes and swamps to rivers, lakes, tidal, areas, and, on rare occasions, the ocean.
		Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) is found in lowland swamps, lakes, rivers, bayheads, sloughs, irrigation ditches, canals, rice fields to small, clear, rocky mountain streams.
	members.aol.com /plcooney/zreptile.html (5565 words)

	Caribbean Inside: a portal of the Caribbean and the America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After you have eaten we recommend that you spend part of your time enjoying the entertainment centers that are in the hotels and villas.
		All the marvels of the Great Natural Park Peninsula de Zapata make it one of those places that Nature created in Cuba to give it the distinct touch that allows it to be a favorite tourist destination in the Caribbean.
		Cuba is blue and green and it's birds, fish and corals, and green and palms and it's the reality for those who dream with idyllic places.
	www.caribeinsider.com /showDestination.do?dest=247112 (284 words)

	Birdwatching Trip Report from Cuba
		The reason for staying at Playa Larga is its close proximity to the Zapata peninsular and the area of swampland that holds the majority of Cuba’s endemic bird species.
		Our first excursion into Zapata was a jeep based trip (using your hire vehicle) to Las Salinas the southernmost accessible point of the swamp, here dense scrubland overhangs the deeply rutted track that needs some caution to be negotiated.
		He then tries to lure out Zapata Wren, and within a few minutes we are fortunate enough to have a bird responding to the tape and come crawling out of the undergrowth and scramble across the path in front of us.
	www.birdtours.co.uk /tripreports/cuba/cuba3/cuba2000.htm (2162 words)

	Prof. Tod Frolking's Cuba May Term
		Ecosystems and endangered species in the Zapata swamps, southern Matanzas Province and coastal dry forests and impacts of tourism on the Varadero peninsula in northern Matanzas Province
		Organic garden in Havana, one of many urban gardens established by the newly created Urban Agricultural Department in the Ministry of Agriculture during the Special Period to provide fresh vegetables for urban residents and income for gardeners.
		A friendly greeting from a Cuban crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer) at a crocodile breeding and research station in the Zapata swamp (Carribean's largest wetland) in southern Matanzas Province.
	www.denison.edu /geology/frolking/cuba.html (1554 words)

	Global Exchange - Printer Friendly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Sister Swamps Initiative seeks to broaden US support for Cuban wetlands beyond the World Wildlife Fund, which now works with the Zapata Wetland in southwestern Cuba.
		In fact, the idea for Sister Swamps came from the enthusiasm of US environmentalists who visited Cuba on a Global Exchange delegation, and who met with scientists and educators working to conserve Cuban wetland areas.
		Participants wanted a way to help their Cuban colleagues, who often lack material resources for conservation and education efforts, and in return, saw the value to US counterparts of learning about Cuban models of public participation in education, and alternative economic opportunities based on environmental conservation.
	www.globalexchange.org /countries/americas/cuba/sustainable/susdev/571.html.pf (420 words)

	NATURE. Cuba: Wild Island of the Caribbean. Printable Page \| PBS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cuba includes a patchwork of habitats, from fields and swamps to mountains and forests.
		About 100 miles south of Havana is Ciénaga de Zapata (2) or Zapata Swamp, a world-famous wetland and national park.
		Mangroves, marshes, and woodlands there are home to a wide variety of birds, including two found nowhere else: the Zapata wren and the Zapata rail.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/nature/cuba/print/eco_explorer2.html (491 words)

	BIRDCHAT archives -- February 2000, week 4 (#71)
		By jeep and on foot we reached Cayo Coco's many lagoons, fl mangroves, esturies, Zapata swamps, sand dunes, bush-covered fields, wooded areas, palms, plantations, gardens etc and I got a chance to enjoy the sights and sounds of some 35 species of birds.
		Cuba as a whole is known to have 22O species of which 13O are considered migrants(mostly North American)and 9O natives.
		I was told that like many night birds these ducks often fly over swamps at dusk.
	listserv.arizona.edu /cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0002d&L=birdchat&F=&S=&P=7257 (536 words)

	Eagle-Eye Tours Cuba
		We encounter trogons and todies, lizard-cuckoos and parakeets, and the world’s smallest bird, the Bee Hummingbird.
		This morning we may search for one or two missed species among the picturesque keys, and then leave the marvelous surroundings of Cayo Coco and head to the Trinidad area via the old towns of Ciego de Avila and Sancti Spiritus, and Trinidad where there will be lots to see at this World Heritage Site.
		Four full days of birding will be devoted the famed Zapata Peninsula and swamp region, a large lowland of mixed forests, flooded woods and wet prairies dominated by sawgrass.
	www.eagle-eye.com /Locations/cuba.html (1294 words)

	Cuba Travel Guide \| Travel to Cuba Hotels Reservation \| Cuba Tourism & Vacations Information. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In that regard, company executives referred to reconstruction works being carried out in Guamá, one of the main destinations in the Park.
		The works consist of restoring the boats used to carry vacationers to the resort, as well as the protection of mangrove swamps in the canals.
		The company plans to turn Ciénaga de Zapata (Zapata Swamp) into one of the main tourist options in Cuba's tourism sector.
	www.cubaxp.com /modules/news/print.php?storyid=1394 (107 words)

	Cuba Libre!
		The areas was distant from the major populated areas, so that Castro's army and would not be able to interfere with the landings.
		The area was also isolated by the Zapata swamps, with only a few roads leading in or out of the area.
		Small groups of men took to the swamps, but most were captured in the next few days.
	members.tripod.com /SimulationsWorkshop/cuba.html (1596 words)

	www.cubacasas.net •\|• Cienaga de Zapata (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The first military defeat of the USA, an everlasting chip on the shoulder of the warmongering Empire of Evil Bushit.
		Some 500 meters from the autopista, on the way to Cienfuegos ans Trinidad, gateway to Zapata Peninsula, this city grew in the golden era of sugar exports as the human resources supplier of
		A great choice away from the mosquitoes which appear en masse every second day in the Cienaga de Zapata.
	207.96.254.9 /_a/cities/playa_giron (1505 words)

	Conanicus — First adventure, the journey south to Cuba
		He flew south until he reached the Cienaga Zapata (Zapata Swamp), where he settled down.
		Conanicus seems to have found the Zapata swamps in Cuba much to his liking, for he has been in the area for well over a month.
		A Cuban ornithologist, Freddy Santana, and his students have been monitoring the osprey migration for years in this area of southeastern Cuba, near Santiago, where Conanicus is wintering.
	www.jamestownpress.com /news/2005/1124/Front_Page/005.html (1060 words)

	2004 ARE Atlantis Search Progress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Collins was especially encouraged by a visit to the Portsmouth, Ohio earthworks, which was included in our book and documentary, "Mound Builders." Collins now believes, as we do, that this remarkable structure may well have been a depiction of Atlantis' central city exactly as described by Plato.
		He now leans toward the central city possibly lying in the Zapata swamps of Cuba, which we discovered in 2002 through the examination of high-resolution satellite images from NASA.
		A now-underwater island in Zapata has the exact dimensions described by Plato for the central city.
	www.mysterious-america.net /2004areatlantiss.html (1214 words)

	Bay of Pigs Invasion - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Instead of attacking the city of Trinidad, which was closer to the pro-Castro guerrillas' area of operations in the Escambray mountains, the new plan was to land in two points in the Bay of Pigs and the Zapata swamps.
		The landings would take place on Girón and Larga beaches.
		The administration believed that the troops could retreat to the mountains to lead a guerrilla war if they lost in open battle.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion (996 words)

	World Wetlands Day 2004 -- Cuba
		The San Francisco-based human rights organization began "Sister Swamps" as part of its Eco-Cuba Exchange, a program developed to raise awareness and promote collaboration around environmental issues between Cuba and the US.
		In the year since the launch of Sister Swamps, Eco Cuba Exchange has sent over 100 participants on trips to Cienega de Zapata, the Caribbean's largest wetland ecosystem, doubling the number of American scientists and professionals visiting the region in 2003.
		For more information on Sister Swamps and supporting US-Cuban cooperation on the environment, please contact Rachel Bruhnke, Eco-Cuba Exchange, at (415) 575 5531 or at rachel@globalexchange.org.
	www.ramsar.org /wwd/4/wwd2004_rpt_cuba1.htm (442 words)

	CUAUTLA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		CUAUTLA must be written and pronounced Kuahtlán, its etymology comes from Kuah- uitl, "tree, staff", and tlan-tli, "abundance", and it is translated as forest., because when the conquerors arrived the town did not exist, it was impossible to live there because of the swamps, there were some uncontrolled water springs in Tasas de Casasano.
		The most important town was Xochimilkatziko, a place where a Xochimilca town once lived.
		It is a part of the Zapata's Route
	ing.morelostravel.com /destinos/cuautla.htm (414 words)

	Political Affairs Magazine - Terrorism: US Conundrum over Terror Suspect Posada Carriles Grows (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The White House even deceived its ambassador to the United Nations, Adlai Stevenson, who was ridiculously exposed when he denied the facts.
		Those B-26 also gunned down rural population in the Cienaga de Zapata (Zapata Swamps), innocent victims of that State terrorism policy.
		If the Twin Towers attack took the lives of around three thousand persons, the figure is about equal to the human losses suffered by the Cuban people during the criminal attacks launched on Cuba from the great Northern power.
	www.politicalaffairs.net /article/articleview/1176/1?PrintableVersion=enabled (844 words)

	IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Colaptes fernandinae
		This species has been downlisted to Vulnerable because although it has a very small population, which is severely fragmented and rapidly declining, the largest subpopulation in Zapata is thought to number more than 250 individuals.
		The largest population persists in the Zapata Swamp, where total numbers are estimated at 300-400 pairs
		Design and distribute posters in villages around the Zapata Swamp to raise awareness of the importance and vulnerability of this species and others such as A.
	www.iucnredlist.org /search/details.php/5109/all (615 words)

	History of Cuba - Speech by Fidel Castro, May 2, 1961 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Otherwise, there would be no explanation for the spontaneous sentiment of support for the Revolutionary Government, that overflowing good will that every man and woman has expressed today.
		Fruits of the revolution are seen everywhere… We saw the pupils of the schools for young peasants of the Zapata swamps parade by, the swamps that the mercenaries chose for their attack.
		We saw thousands and thousands of peasants who are studying in the capital and who come from distant mountain areas or from cane cooperatives or from people's farms parade.
	www.historyofcuba.com /history/speech1.htm (2220 words)

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