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	Pieter Zeeman
		Pieter Zeeman (Zonnemaire (Schouwen-Duiveland), Netherlands, May 25, 1865 – Amsterdam, October 9, 1943) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hendrik Lorentz for his discovery of the Zeeman effect.
		Pieter Zeeman was born in Zonnemaire, a small town on the island of Schouwen-Duiveland, Netherlands to Catharinus Forandinus Zeeman, a minister of the Dutch Reformed Church, and Willemina Worst.
		Zeeman, then a student of the highschool in Zierikzee, made a drawing and description of the phenomenon and submitted that to Nature, where it was published.
	www.mlahanas.de /Physics/Bios/PieterZeeman.html (973 words)

	Zeeman Effect
		First observed by Pieter Zeeman, this splitting is attributed to the interaction between the magnetic field and the magnetic dipole moment associated with the orbital angular momentum.
		The Zeeman effect for the hydrogen atom offered experimental support for the quantization of angular momentum which arose from the solution of the Schrodinger equation.
		While the Zeeman effect in some atoms (e.g., hydrogen) showed the expected equally-spaced triplet, in other atoms the magnetic field split the lines into four, six, or even more lines and some triplets showed wider spacings than expected.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/quantum/zeeman.html (757 words)

	Pieter Zeeman - Biography
		Pieter Zeeman was born on May 25, 1865, at Zonnemaire, a small village in the isle of Schouwen, Zeeland, The Netherlands, as the son of the local clergyman Catharinus Forandinus Zeeman and his wife, née Wilhelmina Worst.
		Zeeman entered Leyden University in 1885 and became mainly a pupil of Kamerlingh Onnes (mechanics) and Lorentz (experimental physics): the latter was later to share the Nobel Prize with him.
		With regard to Zeeman's activities outside the field of the magnetic splitting of spectral lines, mention should first be made of his work on the Doppler effect in optics and in canal rays (laboratory tests).
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1902/zeeman-bio.html (1296 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Doppler effect change in the wavelength (or frequency) of energy in the form of waves, e.g., sound or light, as a result of motion of either the source or the receiver of the waves; the effect is named for the Austrian scientist Christian Doppler, who demonstrated the effect for sound.
		Coanda effect or wall-attachment effect, the tendency of a moving fluid, either liquid or gas, to attach itself to a surface and flow along it.
		WELCOME With a budget of Pounds 110 million, state-of-the-art special effects and a galaxy of British stars, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is expected to be this year's The Lord of the Rings.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=effect (699 words)

	What is the Zeeman effect?
		This is the simplist case of the Zeeman effect, known as the Normal Zeeman effect.
		The Zeeman effect is the splitting of the spectral lines of an atom in the presence of a strong magnetic field.
		In fact, it was the anomalous Zeeman effect that led to the discovery of spin.
	www.physlink.com /Education/AskExperts/ae646.cfm (631 words)

	Digital Library > History of science and scholarship in the Netherlands > Author detail
		Zeeman was born on 25 May 1865 in the village of Zonnemaire (on the island of Schouwen-Duiveland, province of Zeeland) to Wilhelmina Worst and Catharinus Farandinus Zeeman, a Lutheran minister.
		Zeeman repeated the experiment, using a diffraction grating of high resolving power and found that the emission line of sodium was broadened (1896).
		Zeeman served as secretary (1912-1920) and chairman (1931) of the Physics division of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences; as president of the Commission Internationale des Poids et Mesures in Paris from 1940 to 1943; and as rector magnificus of the university of Amsterdam from 1920 to 1923.
	www.historyofscience.nl /author.cfm?RecordId=39 (696 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Zeeman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Zeeman effect splitting of a single spectral line (see spectrum) into a group of closely spaced lines when the substance producing the single line is subjected to a uniform magnetic field.
		The effect was discovered in 1896 by the Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman.
		United's Zeeman analyzes Allegis and the reshaping of the airline.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Zeeman (394 words)

	Biography of P. Zeeman
		Pieter Zeeman was born on May 25, 1865, at Zonnemaire, a small village in the isle of Schouwen, Zeeland, The Netherlands, as the son of the local clergymen Catharinus Forandinus Zeeman and his wife, née Wilhelmina Worst.
		Zeeman entered Leaden University in 1885 and became mainly a pupil of Kamerlingh Onnes (mechanics) and Lorentz (experimental physics): the latter was later to share the Nobel Prize with him.
		Zeeman was Honorary Doctor of the Universities of Göttingen, Oxford, Philadelphia, Strasbourg, Liege, Gwent, Glasgow, Brussels and Paris.
	www.msa.nl /AMSTEL/www/Vakken/Natuur/htm/nobel/physics-1902-2-bio.htm (1242 words)

	AllRefer.com - Zeeman effect (Physics) - Encyclopedia
		In the so-called normal Zeeman effect, the spectral line corresponding to the original frequency of the light (in the absence of the magnetic field) appears with two other lines arranged symmetrically on either side of the original line.
		In the anomalous Zeeman effect (which is actually more common than the normal effect), several lines appear, forming a complex pattern.
		Since the separation of the components of the spectral line is proportional to the field strength, the Zeeman effect is particularly useful where the magnetic field cannot be measured by more direct methods.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/Z/Zeemanef.html (400 words)

	[No title]
		The Zeeman Effect is the splitting of a single spectral line into a group of closely spaced lines when the substance producing the single line is subjected to a uniform magnetic field.
		For the normal Zeeman effect on the Cd red line, perpendicular to B, we measured the splitting 2s as a function of voltage applied to the magnet coils over a range from 4 V to 12 V, in steps of 1 V. We observed the polarization of the displaced lines and the undisplaced line.
		I chose to study the Zeeman effect as an interpretation of the precession of the orbital angular momentum vector in the magnetic field, similar to a precession of the axis of a spinning top in a gravitational field.
	www.unc.edu /~mgood/research/Zeeman_Effect.doc (2383 words)

	The Zeeman Effect in Atomic Mercury
		In a helium-like system, the total angular momentum J of the atom is determined solely by the total angular momentum of the two valence electrons, since the orbital and intrinsic spin angular momenta of the electrons in the closed-shell, inert core are coupled to zero.
		In the Zeeman effect, an atom is placed in a strong, homogeneous magnetic field B = B z.
		A photograph of the Zeeman effect apparatus used in this experiment is given in Fig.
	community.middlebury.edu /~PHManual/zeeman.html (2135 words)

	Pieter Zeeman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Pieter Zeeman, a Dutch physicist, was born on May 25, 1865, in Zonnemaire, the Netherlands.
		It is by way of the Zeeman Effect that astronomers cam measure the strength of the magnetic field on the surface of the sun, or other stars.
		In 1902, Zeeman and Lorentz were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, for their, extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomenon.
	physics.rug.ac.be /Fysica/Geschiedenis/Mathematicians/zeeman.html (222 words)

	University of Kentucky Radio Astronomy Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Zeeman splitting was first detected in the 21-cm line by Verschuur.
		Zeeman effect observations are useful in studying the interstellar magnetic field because they provide an estimate of the field strength.
		The disadvantage of Zeeman effect measurements lies in the fact the only the radial component of the field is usually measured.
	www.pa.uky.edu /~aips/PAGELINKS/res_descr.html (388 words)

	Zeeman effect — Infoplease.com
		Pieter Zeeman - Zeeman, Pieter, 1865–1943, Dutch physicist.
		Modelling the effects of soil properties on the concentration of Cd extracted by 10mM Ca[Cl.sub.2] from soils of the Sydney Basin.
		The effect of intravenous EDTA therapy on chronic kidney disease.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0853329.html (468 words)

	Zeeman effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Zeeman effect (IPA [zeɪmɑn]) is the splitting of a spectral line into several components in the presence of a magnetic field.
		It is analogous to the Stark effect, the splitting of a spectral line into several components in the presence of an electric field.
		The Zeeman effect is very important in applications such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Mössbauer Spectroscopy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zeeman_effect (950 words)

	Zeeman Effect
		In the Zeeman effect, a spectral line is split into several components in the presence of a magnetic field.
		With an overly-high magnetic field strength, the effect is disturbed, and the Zeeman effect becomes something quite different called a Paschen-Back effect.
		The Zeeman effect is also being studied as a method for identifying trace elements in the human body without running a risk of harming the cells.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Zeeman_Effect (219 words)

	Ondrejov Solar Magnetograph - Zeeman Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Zeeman Effect is the splitting of spectral lines on two or more components with similar frequencies for a case of a light source in magnetic field.
		Zeeman was awarded with The Nobel Prize for physics in 1902.
		This theory was verified by Zeeman's experiments and later it was refined and generalized by quantum mechanics.
	www.asu.cas.cz /~solmag/english/zeeman.htm (208 words)

	Pieter Zeeman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pieter Zeeman (Zonnemaire, May 25, 1865 – Amsterdam, October 9, 1943) (IPA [ze:mɑn]) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hendrik Lorentz for his discovery of the Zeeman effect.
		In 1902, he received the Nobel Prize for Physics for the discovery of the the Zeeman effect, together with his former mentor Lorentz.
		Paul Forman, "Alfred Landé and the anomalous Zeeman Effect, 1919-1921", Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences, Vol.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pieter_Zeeman (986 words)

	Pieter Zeeman
		Zeeman, who had been a student of Lorentz at the University of Leiden, began lecturing at Leiden in 1890.
		Six years later, at the suggestion of Lorentz, he investigated the effect of magnetic fields on a source of light and found that each of the lines in the spectrum of emitted light split into several lines; this became known as the Zeeman effect.
		Zeeman was appointed professor of physics at the University of Amsterdam in 1900 and director of its Physical Institute in 1908.
	physics.nobel.brainparad.com /pieter_zeeman.html (167 words)

	Zeeman effect
		Also known as Zeeman splitting, the broadening or splitting of a spectral line into several polarized components when the source is in a strong magnetic field; it is named after the Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman (1865-1943).
		Because the amount of Zeeman splitting and of polarization depend on the magnetic field strength, this effect provides a power tool for investigating cosmic magnetic fields.
		Zeeman splitting is observed in the case of some magnetic variables which are associated with intense magnetic fields.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/Z/Zeemaneffect.html (252 words)

	Doppler Shift and Zeeman Effect Spectroscopy
		We would expect, for example, that the Zeeman effect which you studied in a previous experiment should be visible in at least some of the solar absorption lines.
		For the Zeeman effect measurements, the 16 in telescope must be used.
		Even with a multichannel detector, this would tend to reduce the apparent Zeeman splitting or broadening; since your data acquisition scheme involves scanning through the spectrum, this means your spectra will be subject to a non-uniform spectrum normalization, again because the sunspot light is so much less intense than that of the surrounding region.
	cat.middlebury.edu /~PHManual/doppler.html (2809 words)

	Pieter Zeeman - Wikimedia Commons
		Deutsch: Pieter Zeeman (1865 – 1943) war ein niederländischer Physiker.
		English: Pieter Zeeman (1865 – 1943) was a Dutch physicist.
		Nederlands: Pieter Zeeman (1865 – 1943) was een Nederlands natuurkundige.
	commons.wikimedia.org /wiki/Pieter_Zeeman (78 words)

	The Zeeman Effect
		The Zeeman effect can be interpreted in terms of the precession of the orbital angular momentum vector in the magnetic field, similar to the precession of the axis of a spinning top in a gravitational field.
		For example, polarizing sunglasses are often effective in suppressing ambiant glare because light reflected from surfaces has a particular polarization and polarizing sunglasses are designed to not pass that polarization of light.
		One practical example in astronomy of such polarization effects is that in the preceding example the middle transition is polarized such that it cannot be easily be obverved from directly over a surface perpendicular to the magnetic field.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/light/zeeman-split.html (397 words)

	Advanced Lab - Zeeman Effect:Experiment
		The main effect should be plane polarization, although instrumental effects may suggest (spurious) small circular polarization effects.
		Study the expected Zeeman patterns on the attachment and attempt to interpret your polarization observations, with both orientations of the magnet.
		This apparatus is not intended to be suitable for making good studies of the anomalous Zeeman effect because the resolution of the L-G plate is inadequate to achieve clean separations of the Zeeman components.
	www.physics.gatech.edu /advancedlab/labs/zeeman/zeeman-2.html (1427 words)

	Zeeman Effect
		Some isotopes present in natural mercury have nuclear magnetic moments, which produce hyperfine splitting, with magnitude comparable to the Zeeman splitting we wish to measure.
		The Zeeman splitting of the 546.1 nm line is given by Melissinos, p.
		You can (and should) also obtain quantitative data on the splitting directly from visual observations, by determining at what field component rings from different orders overlap (or are equally spaced).
	galileo.phys.virginia.edu /classes/317/zeeman/zeeman.html (725 words)

	NIST:, Atomic Spectroscopy - Zeeman Effect
		The Zeeman effect for "weak" magnetic fields (the anomalous Zeeman effect) is of special interest because of the importance of Zeeman data in the analysis and theoretical interpretation of complex spectra.
		In a weak field, the J value remains a good quantum number although in general a level is split into magnetic sublevels [3].
		Some higher-order effects that must be included in more accurate Zeeman-effect calculations are treated by Bethe and Salpeter [4] and by Wybourne [14], for example.
	physics.nist.gov /Pubs/AtSpec/node12.html (447 words)

	The Zeeman Effect
		When considering the Zeeman effect, it is easiest first to consider the hydrogen atom without hyperfine structure.
		Figure 8 illustrates the geometry of the Zeeman effect.
		Including hyperfine structure with the Zeeman effect is more difficult, since the field associated with the proton magnetic dipole moment is weak, and hence it does not take a particularly strong external field to make the Zeeman effect comparable in magnitude to the strength of the hyperfine interactions.
	www.pha.jhu.edu /~rt19/hydro/node10.html (564 words)

	Magnetic effect on molecular dissociation energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The only stringent requirement for this effect is the paramagnetic character of the parent molecule or of at least one of the two dissociation products.
		Under an external magnetic field, the Zeeman effect should be considered for both the parent molecule and for the NO and O dissociation products.
		This magnetic effect may be linked to the unusual magnetic properties of gaseous and liquid oxygen in which there is an equilibrium between monomer, dimer, trimer, etc...
	www.magniel.com /hmtj/ann98/602.html (521 words)

	Zeeman effect concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Zeeman effect concept from the Astronomy knowledge base
		has effect splitting of a spectral line into a multiplet of lines with distinct polarization characteristics.
		anomalous Zeeman effect (4 facts) - Zeeman effet in which spectral lines are split into several components, in contrast to the normal Zeeman effect which results in only two distinct components.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/Zeemaneffect.html (127 words)

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