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Topic: Zengi

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Siege of Edessa

Zengid Dynasty

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First Crusade

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County of Edessa

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Bohemund I of Antioch

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Siege of Edessa
		Zengi's troops rushed into the city, killing all those who were unable to flee to the Citadel of Maniaces.
		Zengi ordered his men to stop the massacre, although all the Latin prisoners that he had taken were executed; the native Christians were allowed to live freely.
		Zengi was assassinated by a slave in 1146 while besieging Qalat Jabar, and was succeeded in Aleppo by his son Nur ad-Din.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Siege-of-Edessa (2183 words)

	Siege of Edessa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zengi's troops rushed into the city, killing all those who were unable to flee to the Citadel of Maniaces.
		Zengi ordered his men to stop the massacre, although all the Latin prisoners that he had taken were executed; the native Christians were allowed to live freely.
		Zengi was assassinated by a slave in 1146 while besieging Qalat Jabar, and was succeeded in Aleppo by his son Nur ad-Din.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siege_of_Edessa (942 words)

	Zengi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zengi became atabeg of Mosul in 1127, and of Aleppo in 1128, uniting the two cities under his personal rule, and was formally invested as their ruler by the Sultan Mahmud II of Great Seljuk.
		Zengi laid siege to the Crusader fortress of Barin and quickly crushed the army of Jerusalem.
		Zengi, realizing that this new expedition against Damascus was bound to fail, made peace with Shahib ad-Din, just in time to be confronted at Aleppo by an army sent by the Byzantine Emperor John II Comnenus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zengi (1165 words)

	Fulk of Jerusalem - LoveToKnow 1911
		A little later, however, he greatly improved his position by strengthening his alliance with the vizier of Damascus, who also had to fear the progress of Zengi (1140); and in this way he was able to capture the fort of Banias, to the N. of Lake Tiberias.
		Twice in Fulk's reign the eastern emperor, John Comnenus, appeared in northern Syria (1137 and 1142); but his coming did not affect the king, who was able to decline politely a visit which the emperor proposed to make to Jerusalem.
		William of Tyre speaks of him as a fine soldier, an able politician, and a good son of the church, and only blames him for partiality to his friends, and a forgetfulness of names and faces, which placed him at a disadvantage and made him too dependent on his immediate intimates.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Fulk_of_Jerusalem (557 words)

	Wikipedia: Zengi
		Imad ad-Din Zengi (also Zangi or Zengui) (1087-1146) was the son of Aksungur al-Hajib, governor of Aleppo under Malik Shah.
		In 1144 Zengi besieged the Crusader County of Edessa.
		Edessa was the weakest and least Latinized Crusader state, and Zengi captured it on December 24, 1144.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/z/ze/zengi.html (214 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: William of Tyre: Fall of Edessa
		Zengi, its lord and governor, at this time laid siege to the city of Edessa, more commonly called Rohas, the greatest and most splendid city of the Medes.
		Zengi did this, relying on the numbers and strength of his men and also on the very dangerous strife which had arisen between Prince Raymond of Antioch and Count Joscelyn.
		Zengi found the town bereft of defenders and was much encouraged.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/tyre-edessa.html (1548 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		This made Zengi the most powerful Muslim commander in Syria, though the Turks to the north were a constant threat to his position.
		This victory made Zengi famous, for he was responsible for the elimination of one of the four Crusader states.
		Zengi's career is important because of his conquest of Edessa, but it is important even more for the fact that he couched his actions against the Christians in terms of a Muslim holy war.
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/crusade/islam.html (6267 words)

	Cruzada - Wikipédia
		Zengi foi o primeiro líder muçulmano a enfrentar os firanj e que não só sobreviveu, como triunfou.
		O herdeiro de Zengi, Nur al-Din, e o seu sucessor Salah al-Din (“Saladino”), eram extremamente piedosos, observando rigidamente a Sunna e os Pilares do Islão na sua vida pública e particular.
		Enquanto que Zengi apenas podia contar com os seus soldados, o apelo à jihad atraiu os soldados muçulmanos de toda a Arábia, Egipto e Pérsia.
	pt.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cruzada (4645 words)

	Fall of Edessa
		Zengi, whose rise to power had begun at Mosul in 1127, bad gradually acquired authority through war, intimidation, and treaty over a whole host of Moslem principalities in Syria.
		Zengi, its lord and governor, at this time laid siege to the city of Edessa, more commonly called Rohas, the greatest and most splendid city of the Medes.
		Zengi did this, relying on the numbers and strength of his men and also on the very dangerous strife which had arisen between Prince Raymond of Antioch and Count Joscelyn.
	www.ordotempli.org /fall_of_edessa.htm (1621 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		This victory made Zengi famous, for he was responsible for the elimination of one of the four Crusader states.
		Zengi's career is important because of his conquest of Edessa, but it is important even more for the fact that he couched his actions against the Christians in terms of a Muslim holy war.
		This is not to imply that Zengi was cynical in his use of jihad; on the contrary, he believed strongly in its need.
	the-orb.net /textbooks/crusade/islam.html (6267 words)

	Islam during the Crusades (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This made Zengi the most powerful Muslim commander in Syria, though the Turks to the north were a constant threat to his position.
		In some circles, Zengi was accused of having instigated the murder, but Unur proved to be an inconstant ally.
		They were able to force Zengi to retire to the safety of Aleppo and Unur actually paid a call on Fulk at Acre.
	crusades.boisestate.edu /Islam/08.shtml (339 words)

	Articles - Second Crusade (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Both Zengi and King Baldwin II turned their attention towards Damascus; Baldwin was defeated outside the city in 1129.
		Zengi, already seeking to take advantage of Fulk's death in 1143, hurried north to besiege Edessa, which fell to him after a month on December 24, 1144.
		Zengi himself was praised throughout Islam as "defender of the faith" and al-Malik al-Mansur, "the victorious king".
	www.kimia-sains.com /articles/Second_Crusade (3452 words)

	Zengi (Site not responding. Last check: )
		One of the three, Zengi Hua Zheng, 25, of China, also was being held on charges of...
		The capture of the Frankish stronghold of Edessa by the Muslim ruler Zengi and the deaths of the capable Byzantine emperor, John Comnenus, and Fulk of Anjou, the king of Jerusalem, left the Christian...
		Seyit Halil Zaviye in Kayseri (1355) and at the tomb of Mehmet Zengi in Kayseri.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Zengi (497 words)

	LinkedIn: ali zengi
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	www.linkedin.com /pub/3/804/070 (69 words)

	Zengid dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The dynasty was founded by Imad ed-Din Zengi, who became the Seljuk Atabeg (governor) of Mosul in 1127.
		This latter feat made Zengi a hero in the Muslim world, but he was assassinated by a slave two years later, in 1146.
		On Zengi's death, his territories were divided, with Mosul and his lands in Iraq going to his eldest son Saif ad-Din Ghazi I, and Aleppo and Edessa falling to his second son, Nur ad-Din Mahmud.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zengid_Dynasty (406 words)

	CRUSADES - LoveToKnow Article on CRUSADES (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The people of Antioch refused to submit; a projected visit to Jerusalem, during which John was to unite with Fulk in a great alliance against the Moslem, fell through; and in the spring of 1143 the emperor died in Cilicia, with nothing accomplished.
		On the whole, the interference of the Comneni, if it checked Zengi for the moment in 1138, may be said to have ultimately weakened and distracted the Franks, and to have helped to cause the loss of Edessa (1i~4), which marks the turning-point in the history of the kingdom of Jerusalem.
		Two years later Zengi died; but he left an able successor in his son, Nureddin, and an attempt to recover Edessa was successfully repelled in November 1146.
	91.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CR/CRUSADES.htm (19679 words)

	Outremer (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Its arrival in January managed to discourage Zengi from a siege, but now as so many other times, events in the Muslim world distracted the Muslim leader and he returned to Mosul.
		Fortunately for them, Zengi decided to turn his attention now to Damascus, and so the shreds of the County of Edessa yet remained.
		By an even greater fortune for the Christians, Zengi was murdered in his sleep on September 14, 1146, by one of his eunuchs whom he had angered.
	crusades.boisestate.edu /outremer/16.shtml (280 words)

	Nur ad-Din - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nur ad-Din Mahmud bin Zengi (also Nur ed-Din, Nur al-Din, or Nureddin) was the second son of Zengi, the atabeg of Aleppo and Mosul.
		Almost as soon as he began his rule, he defeated an attempt by the Crusaders to retake the County of Edessa, which had been conquered by Zengi in 1144.
		In 1147 the leaders of the Second Crusade, called after the fall of Edessa, decided to attack Damascus, the city that had allied with the Kingdom of Jerusalem when Zengi had attempted to conquer it.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Nur_ad-Din (343 words)

	Baldwin III of Jerusalem Information - TextSheet.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		At the beginning of his reign the Byzantine Empire was attempting to impose its influence over the Principality of Antioch in Cilicia, and Zengi of Mosul had invaded the County of Edessa.
		As Damascus was an ally of Jerusalem against Zengi, this plan was very foolish; the siege was a complete failure, and afterwards Damascus fell under the control of Zengi's successor Nur ad-Din.
		In 1149, after the failure of the crusade, Baldwin III appeared in Antioch as regent after the fall of Raymund, the husband of the princess Constance, daughter of Bohemund II of Antioch.
	www.medbuster.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/baldwin_iii_of_jerusalem.html (666 words)

	De Orde der Tempeliers, Hoofdstuk 3
		Zengi of Zangi was (ook volgens islamitische kroniekschrijvers) wreed, onbetrouwbaar en vaak dronken.
		Zengi die al onderweg was met zijn leger moest onverrichter zake terugkeren.
		Zengi trouwde met Prinses Zomorod en kreeg een kleine stad als bruidschat van Damascus.
	home.tiscali.nl /~vanexel/Hfdst-3.html (1266 words)

	Al-Mustarshid (Site not responding. Last check: )
		During this time Zengi, the famous foe of the Crusaders, grew into great power; he was given Mesopotamia by the Seljuk Sultan Mahmud II, including Mosul, Nasibin, and Harran.
		On the death of Sultan Mahmud, Zengi was recalled to the East by certain rebel members of the Seljuk house, stimulated by the Caliph and Dubeis.
		Zengi now resumed operations in Syria and in 529 AH (1134 AD) laid siege to Damascus, but was induced, partly by the bravery of the enemy, partly at the instance of the Caliph, to whom Zengi had made some concession in the public prayers, to relinquish the attempt.
	goc.subdomain.de /Al-Mustarshid (470 words)

	joscelin ii of edessa (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1138 he allied with Antioch and Byzantine emperor John II Comnenus to attack Zengi, atabeg of Aleppo, although Zengi defeated them.
		In 1144 Zengi invaded and captured Edessa itself.
		When Zengi died in 1146, Joscelin attempted to recapture Edessa but was defeated by Zengi's son Nur ad-Din.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /joscelin_ii_of_edessa.html (319 words)

	Who achieved more in the battle against the Christians? Zengi or Nur ed-Din?
		Zengi and Nur ed-Din were completely different people, and despite being Father and Son they had totally different temperaments.
		Zengi was a warrior, a proud man, who didn't really have any use for God, except as a tool to motivate his people (preaching jihad against the Franks).
		If his slave had not killed Zengi then it might have been a completely different story, but he was killed, and there is no doubt about it that Zengi definitely laid the foundations for Nur ed-Din's life.
	www.coursework.info /i/21377.html (337 words)

	Fulk Of Jerusalem (Site not responding. Last check: )
		However, the greatest concern during Fulk's reign was the rise of atabeg Zengi of Mosul.
		Fulk then allied with the vizier of Damascus, who was also threatened by Zengi, and was able to capture the fort of Banias, to the north of Lake Tiberias.
		William felt that the major fault of Fulk's reign was his inattention to the defense of the states to the north against the invasions of Zengi, which culminated in the fall of the County of Edessa in 1143.
	www.wikiverse.org /fulk-of-jerusalem (510 words)

	MUSUL IN THE TIME OF ZENGILER
		Zengi, the commender of The Grand Seljuk Sultan Melikşah, was Aksungur’s son.
		Atabey Zengi tried to set up a powerful army and to rule over around him, he arranged wars to Diyarbakir, Syria and so forth.
		Although Zengi authorized the Seljuk Sultan Mahmud’s son Alparslan and signed a treaty with Mesud in 1146, he was killed during the Caber Castle Occupation.
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0008/0008_08_35_05.htm (515 words)

	Imad ad Din Zengi also Zangi or Zengui 1087 1087 1146...
		Imad ad-Din "Zengi" (also "Zangi" or "Zengui") (1087 1087-1146 1146) was the son of Aksungur al-Hajib, governor of Aleppo Aleppo under Malik Shah Malik Shah.
		In 1144 1144 Zengi besieged the Crusader County of Edessa County of Edessa.
		Edessa was the weakest and least Latinized Crusader state, and Zengi captured it on December 24 December 24, 1144.
	www.biodatabase.de /Zengi (292 words)

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