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	Zengid dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Zengid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Seljuk Turkish origin, which ruled parts of Northern Iraq and Syria during the 12th and 13th centuries.
		The dynasty was founded by Imad ed-Din Zengi, who became the Seljuk Atabeg (governor) of Mosul in 1127.
		Zengid princes continued to rule in Northern Iraq well into the 13th Century, ruling Mosul until 1234 and with their rule not coming finally to an end until 1250.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zengid_dynasty (406 words)

	Encyclopedia: Zengid dynasty
		A dynasty is a family or extended family which retains political power across generations, or more generally, any organization which extends dominance in its field even as its particular members change.
		The Ortoqid dynasty was an Oghuz Turk dynasty that ruled in the Jezirah (northern Iraq) in the 11th and 12th centuries.
		Events Canonization of Saint Dominic Collapse of the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) Deaths Emperor Chukyo of Japan Emperor Go-Horikawa of Japan Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile - Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and Leon (reigned...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Zengid-dynasty (1717 words)

	[No title]
		Other dynasties are the Great Mongols (Chingizids), Golden Horde (a few rare mints, not the common mints), Walid, Ghilzay, Sarbadar, Amirs of Badakhshan, Khans of Karabakh (in Panahabad), Alikozay, Qalhat Amirs of Hormuz, Shirvanshahs (Khaqanid), Burhanid, Khans of Shimakhi, Injuyid, Qutlughkhanid, Khans of Ganja, Amir of Qunduz (Qunduz and Hisar mints), Mehrabanid and Kart.
		Islamic coinage of the Zuray'id and Sulayhid dynasties.
		This is a discussion of the history of the dynasties, not a description of the coins.
	www.islamiccoinsgroup.50g.com /Jims_Bibliography.txt (16790 words)

	Ayyubid dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origins which ruled Egypt, Syria, and northern Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries.
		The Ayyubid Dynasty was founded by Saladin (Salah ah-Din), who, with his uncle Shirkuh, conquered Egypt for the Zengid King Nur ad-Din of Damascus in 1169.
		In 1250 Turanshah, the last Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt, was murdered and replaced by his Mamluk slave-general Aibek, who founded the Bahri dynasty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty (297 words)

	Damascus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		With the arrival of the Seljuk Turks in the late 11th Century, Damascus again became the capital of independent states.
		It was ruled by a Seljuk dynasty from 1079 to 1104, and then by another Turkish dynasty - the Burid Emirs, who withstood a siege of the city during the Second Crusade in 1148.
		In 1154 Damascus was conquered from the Burids by the famous Zengid Atabeg Nur ad-Din of Aleppo, the great foe of the Crusaders.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Damascus (1635 words)

	Altarabichi Travel & Tourism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Under the subsequent rule of the dynasty of Ur, Mari retained a degree of importance under the Shakkanaku dynasty and Ebla became a subsidiary state.
		The new dynasty, the Abbasids, represented the Eastern (Persian) tradition and a more theocratic version of the Caliphate, consciously spurning the attempts of the early Umayyads to marry Eastern and Western influences.
		The Zengids complemented this consolidation of the spiritual defenses of their realms with a consolidation of their physical preparedness.
	www.altarabichitours.com /touristic.php?country=sy (8994 words)

	EBN AL-AT¨ÈR
		Ebn al-At¯^r's family were landowners and officials of the Zengid dynasty in Mosul.
		The latter was written sometime between 609/1212 and 615/1218, when its patron, the Zengid Sultan Qa@her, died.
		It has much in common with the corresponding parts of the Ka@mel, but, being didactic and dedicated to the dynasty, it is more partial and selective.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v7/v7f6/v7f679.html (1261 words)

	Saladin Biography / Biography of Saladin Biography Biography
		Saladin (1138-1193), a Kurdish ruler of Egypt and Syria, is known in the West for his opposition to the forces of the Third Crusade and for his capture of Jerusalem.
		After several expeditions into Egypt, where the Fatimid dynasty remained the most important of the successor kingdoms established after the fall of the Abbasid empire, Saladin assumed full military power on the death of Shirkuh in 1168.
		The Fatimid caliphate was crushed by 1171, and on the death of Nur-ad-Din 3 years later, Saladin began the conquest of the Frankish lands and of the old Zengid empire.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-saladin/index.html (828 words)

	The Art and Architecture of the Islamic world, c (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The religious architecture of the Fatimid caliphate in Cairo was employed to express the ideological concerns of the ruling Shi‘a dynasty, but this period also witnessed the development of some of the finest portable artefacts of the Islamic period.
		The revival of Sunni fortunes under the Saljuqs, Zengids and Ayyubids created the environment for artistic innovation in the fields of architecture, Qur’anic calligraphy and manuscript illumination.
		Zengid Dynasty based in northern Syria and Iraq who ruled between c.1127 and 1251.
	kafka.uvic.ca /historyinart/courses/ha354/HA354outline4.htm (1568 words)

	Nur ad-Din - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The growing weakness of Damascus under Mujir ad-Din allowed Nur ad-Din to overthrow him in 1154, with help from the population of the city.
		Damascus was annexed to Zengid territory, and all Syria was unified under the authority of Nur ad-Din, from Edessa in the north to the Hauran in the south.
		He was cautious not to attack Jerusalem right away, and even continued to send the yearly tribute established by Mujir ad-Din; meanwhile he briefly became involved in affairs to the north of Mosul, where a succession dispute in the Sultanate of Rüm threatened Edessa and other cities.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nur_ad-Din (2029 words)

	Encyclopedia: Seljuk Turks
		The Pahlavi dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Iran from 1925 to 1979, from which two Shahs were drawn.
		As the dynasty declined in the middle of the 13th century, the Mongols invaded Anatolia in the 1260s and divided it into small emirates called the Anatolian beyliks, which in turn were later conquered by the Ottomans.
		Muhammed ben Daud (1029 â€“ December 15, 1072), the second sultan of the dynasty of Seljuk Turks, in Persia, and great-grandson of Seljuk, the founder of the dynasty.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Seljuk-Turks (6338 words)

	Zengid Dynasty: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Zengid Dynasty
		Zengid Dynasty: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Zengid Dynasty
		Zengid Dynasty Muslim Dynasty, of Turkish origin, which ruled parts of Northern Iraq and Syria during the 12th and 13th Centuries.
		His son and successor As-Salih Ismail was only a child, and was forced to flee to Aleppo, which he ruled until 1181, when he was murdered and replaced by his relation, the Atabeg of Mosul.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ze/Zengid-Dynasty.html (403 words)

	Zengid dynasty -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The dynasty was founded by Imad ed-Din (Click link for more info and facts about Zengi) Zengi, who became the Seljuk (Click link for more info and facts about Atabeg) Atabeg (governor) of (A city in northern Iraq on the Tigris across from the ruins of Nineveh) Mosul in 1127.
		This latter feat made Zengi a hero in the Muslim world, but he was assassinated by a slave two years later, in 1146.
		His son and successor (Click link for more info and facts about As-Salih Ismail al-Malik) As-Salih Ismail al-Malik was only a child, and was forced to flee to Aleppo, which he ruled until 1181, when he was murdered and replaced by his relation, the Atabeg of Mosul.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/z/ze/zengid_dynasty.htm (348 words)

	Malter Galleries Past Auctions
		A nice piece of sculpture from one of the mot famous periods of Egyptian history.
		New Kingdom, Dynasty XIX - XX, 1292 - 1075 BC.
		A steatite lid of an unguent jar in the form of a scarab.
	www.maltergalleries.com /archives/auction04/841.htm (6716 words)

	chronological 1100 - 1149
		March, Conrad III (first German king of the Hohenstaufen dynasty and uncle of Frederick I Barbarossa, an early leader of the Third Crusade) is elected king of the Romans and ruler of Germany.
		May 01, Conrad III (first German king of the Hohenstaufen dynasty and uncle of Frederick I Barbarossa, an early leader of the Third Crusade) personally leads German forces into the Second Crusade, but his army would be almost completely destroyed during their crossing of the plains of Anatolia.
		A Crusading army under Raymond of Antioch is destroyed by Nur ad-Din Mahmud bin Zengi (son of Imad ad-Din Zengi, founder of the Zengid Dynasty) near the Fountain of Murad.
	www.allcrusades.com /CHRONOLOGICAL/chrono-1100-1149.html (4663 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ayyubid-dynasty
		The Bahri dynasty or Bahriyya Sultante المماليك البحرية was a Mamluk dynasty that ruled Egypt from 1250 to 1382 when they were succeeded by the Burji dynasty, another group of Mamluks.
		Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Toba of Japan Emperor Tsuchimikado ascends to the throne of Japan January 8 - Pope Innocent III ascends Papal Throne Frederick II, infant son of German King Henry VI, crowned King of Sicily Births August 24 - Alexander II of Scotland (d.
		Events Saladin dies, and the lands of the Kurdish Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt and Syria are split among his descendants.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ayyubid_dynasty (3215 words)

	Zengid dynasty - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Zengid dynasty - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Zengid dynasty contains research on
		Zengid dynasty, Zengid Atabegs of Mosul, Zengid Atabegs of Aleppo, Zengid Atabegs of Damascus, Zengid Atabegs of Sinjar (in Northern Iraq) and Zengid Atabegs of Jazira (in Northern Iraq).
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Zengid_dynasty (455 words)

	Seljuk -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		For the dynasty and empire founded by Seljuk, see (Click link for more info and facts about Seljuk Turks) Seljuk Turks.
		He founded the (Click link for more info and facts about Seljuk dynasty) Seljuk dynasty around year 1000.
		Seljuk's grandson (Click link for more info and facts about Toghrül) Toghrül conquered (An empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC and destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC) Persia in the mid- (Click link for more info and facts about 11th century) 11th century.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/S/Se/Seljuk.htm (106 words)

	Artuqids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Vast numbers of coins were struck by another group, the Artuqids, who were based mainly in Mardin in eastern Turkey.
		While the Artuqid dynasty lasted from 1098 to 1408 the Zangids only ruled from the early the 1100's until approximately 1250.
		The pictorial dirhams of the Artuqids and other contemporary dynasties are believed to be the work of Nestorian engravers who were familiar with western iconography.
	www.mycoinpage.com /DawsonLewis/Pages/Ref/ArtuqidsZangids.htm (1051 words)

	> Damascus abcworld.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		After the fall of the Umayyads and the establishment of the Abbasid caliphate in AD 750, Damascus was ruled from Baghdad, although in AD 858 al-Mutawakkil briefly established his residence there with the intention of transferring his capital there from Samarra.
		In 945 the Hamdanids took Damascus, and not long after it passed into the hands of Muhammad bin Tughj, founder of the Ikhshidid dynasty.
		In 968 and again in 971 the city was briefly captured by the Qaramita.
	www.abcworld.net /Damascus.html (3119 words)

	UT - MENIC: Arts and Humanities: History: Middle Ages: The Islamic Empires (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Islamic Caliphate - brief (one paragraph) description of each of the dynasties that claimed the caliphate through the Middle Ages.
		ArabNet: Ayyubid Rule - brief portrait of the dynasty which was established by Salah al-Din Al-Ayyubi (Saladin).
		Arts of the Ayyubid Period, The - considers the history and arts of the dynasty which came to power under the leadership of the Kurdish Zengid general Salah al-Din, also known as Saladin.
	link.lanic.utexas.edu /menic/Arts_and_Humanities/History/Islam (599 words)

	The Art of the Ayyubid Period \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Ayyubid dynasty came to power under the leadership of the Kurdish Zengid general Salah al-Din (r.
		The sultanate depended on mamluks (slave soldiers) for its military organization, yet the end of the dynasty in 1250 was largely caused by Turkic mamluks themselves, who overthrew the last Ayyubid sultan in Egypt, al-Malik al-Ashraf (r.
		In the arts, the Ayyubids are known especially for their works in inlaid metalwork and ceramics, particularly luster- and underglaze-painted wares.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/ayyu/hd_ayyu.htm (455 words)

	Second Crusade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Damascus, ruled by the Burid Dynasty, later allied with King Fulk when Zengi besieged the city in 1139 and 1140; the alliance was negotiated by the chronicler Usamah ibn Munqidh.
		Some of the French considered their pilgrimage completed, and wanted to return home; some of the barons native to Jerusalem pointed out that it would be unwise to attack Damascus, their ally against the Zengid dynasty.
		Conrad, Louis, and Baldwin insisted, however, and in July an army assembled at Tiberias.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Crusade (3725 words)

	Ayyubid dynasty
		American Dynasty: Aristocracy, Fortune, and the Politics of Deceit in the House of Bush
		The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance
		Sons of Camelot : The Fate of an American Dynasty
	news-server.org /a/ay/ayyubid_dynasty.html (342 words)

	The Eastern Mediterranean, 1000-1400 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Zengid ruler Nur al-Din commissions hospitals and institutions of higher learning in Aleppo (Maristan, 1148–55; Madrasa al-Shu’aybiya, 1150–51) and Damascus (Maristan, 1154; Madrasa Nuriyya, 1172).
		The kingdom of Armenian Cilicia (in present-day southern Turkey), after three centuries of rule from its capital at Sis, ends when a Mamluk force overruns the region and removes the last king of the dynasty.
		The Cilician court is famous for its extensive patronage of remarkable illuminated manuscripts.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/07/wae/ht07wae.htm (830 words)

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