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Topic: Zenit 3SL

	Zenit rocket - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zenit was built in the 1980s for two purposes: as a liquid rocket booster for the Energia rocket and, equipped with a second stage, as a stand-alone rocket.
		Zenits are launched from Russia's Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, and by the Sea Launch consortium's floating launch platform in the Pacific Ocean.
		Since the Zenit is not built in Russia, it is planned to be replaced in that service by the new and yet unflown Angara rocket, although Russia does still use the Zenit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zenit_rocket (208 words)

	Zenit
		Currently, two- and three-stage Zenits are launched from Baikonur and three-stage Zenits from Sea Launch Co.'s off-shore platform.
		Zenit ("zenith") traces its roots to work carried out by Mikhail Yangel's design bureau in Dnipropetrovsk as early as December 1974.
		Zenit's second stage is equipped with a single RD-120 engine which uses the same propellants.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/Z/Zenit.html (337 words)

	Zenit - Summary
		The Zenit launch vehicle was first introduced in 1985 but was not announced to the world until 1989.
		The Zenit's highly automated launch system and large payload capability, as well as its ability to launch in all types of weather, made it the ideal launch vehicle for the Sea Launch International Consortium.
		The Sea Launch Co. operates the Zenit 3SL from a floating platform in the South Pacific to service the GTO market.
	www.spaceandtech.com /spacedata/elvs/zenit_sum.shtml (253 words)

	Zenit Data Sheet
		The Zenit (Zenith) rocket was the last, and most advanced, space launch vehicle developed by the former Soviet Union.
		Zenit development was begun by Dnepropetrovsk, Urkraine-based NPO Yuzhnoe during the 1970s as an effort to replace ICBM-based boosters with a purpose-built space launcher.
		In early 2005, a Zenit 3SL successfully orbited Spaceway 1, which was, at 6.1 tonnes, the heaviest commercial GTO payload launched up to that time.
	www.geocities.com /launchreport/zenit.html (1302 words)

	Zenit - Ukraine and Space Transportation Systems
		From its inception, the Zenit program was assigned a dual purpose: (1) develop a new low-cost, 15-metric-ton capacity launch vehicle and (2) design its first stage as a strap on booster for the Energiya heavy-lift launch vehicle.
		The Zenit was intended to replace the Soyuz-U launch vehicle for many programs, but economic and political forces combined to prevent Zenit from becoming a major part of the Russian space transportation infrastructure.
		However, Zenit picked up two new programs in 1994 and is slated to be one of the principal logistics links for the International Space Station (References 445-455).
	www.fas.org /spp/guide/ukraine/launch/zenit.htm (1984 words)

	Zenit Booster Orbits Brazilian COMM Satellite
		It ensures the storage of the rocket in the dock during the transition to the launch location, installation of Zenit onto the launching board and its fuelling.
		The Zenit 3SL booster was designed at the Ukrainian Yangel design bureau Yuzhnoye, and built at the Yuzhmashzavod enterprise in Dnepropetrovsk.
		The acceleration unit DM for Zenit is produced by the Russian space and rocket corporation Energia.
	nyjtimes.com /cover/01-12-04/ZenitBooster.htm (488 words)

	Zenit Launch Vehicle - Zenit Rocket - Used by Sea Launch Consortium
		Zenit Launch Vehicle is an expendable rocket manufactured in Ukraine by NPO Yuznoye.
		A three stage Zenit is used to launch satellites from the Sea Launch Platform.
		The first launch complex for Zenit was built in the eastern "wing" of the Baikonur space port.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /lv/zenit.html (438 words)

	Zenit-2
		Zenit was to be a modular new generation medium Soviet launch vehicle, replacing the various ICBM-derived launch vehicles in use since the 1960's (Tsyklon and R-7 derivatives).
		Zenit development began in March 1976 in accordance with the specifications of GUKOS-MO. The Chief designer was V F Utkin at KB Yuzhnoye, with V P Radovskiy at KB Energomash being responsible for the engines, V G Sergeyev at NPO Elektropribor being responsible for the guidance system.
		The launch was critical in restoring confidence in the Zenit vehicle prior to planned commercial launches of Globalstar satellites from Baikonur and the first Sea Launch flights using a three-stage Zenit from a California-based floating launch platform.
	www.astronautix.com /lvs/zenit2.htm (1890 words)

	The Zenit launch vehicle
		The Zenit rocket became the latest and the most advanced launch vehicle developed in the former Soviet Union in the 20th Century.
		In agreement with NPO Energia, the Zenit's first stage was chosen as a base for the strap-on boosters of the Energia super heavy-lift launcher.
		The Zenit 3SL rocket, built in Ukraine and Russia, blasted off from the Sea Launch platform, positioned in the equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean, at 1356 GMT on June 10, 2003.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /zenit.html (4485 words)

	Sea Launch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The one failure, of a Hughes-built communications satellite owned by ICO Global Communications, occurred on the second commercial launch on March 12, 2000 and was blamed on a software error that failed to close a valve in the second stage of the rocket.
		All Sea Launch missions up to date has used the three-stage Zenit 3SL launch vehicle (custom-designed for the project), which is capable of moving up to six tonnes of payload into geosynchronous orbit.
		Sea Launch rocket components are manufactured by SDO Yuzhnoye/PO Yuzhmash in Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine (Zenit rocket for the first and second stages); by Energia in Moscow, Russia (Block DM-SL for third stage); and by Boeing Seattle, USA (payload fairing and interstage structure).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sea_Launch (1187 words)

	Pravda.RU:Directv satellite to be launched from floating platform in the Pacific (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This is the opinion of the spokesman for the Russian space corporation, Energia, which participated in the development of the boost unit for the Zenit rocket within the Sea Launch project.
		According to the expert, the further the launching site is from the equator, the less possible it is to use the effect of the earth spin.
		If launched from the equator zone, the Zenit launch vehicle can place to the geostationary orbit a satellite weighing twice as much as if it were launched from Baikonur.
	newsfromrussia.com /science/2004/05/04/53748_.html (423 words)

	SPACE.com -- Countdown Coverage for Zenit 3SL Rocket's JCSAT 9 Satellite Launch
		The 20-story Zenit 3SL rocket is riding the thrust of the first stage main engine.
		A Japanese telecommunications satellite is relying on the Sea Launch Zenit 3SL rocket for a smooth ride into orbit today from a floating platform stationed in the equatorial waters of the Pacific Ocean.
		The Zenit 3SL rocket was rolled out from its transport hangar aboard Odyssey and erected on the launch pedestal yesterday.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/sfn_060412_sealaunch_jcsat9.html (1481 words)

	Space Transportation News of October 2000
		Liftoff of Sea Launch's fifth Zenit 3SL vehicle, carrying the 5,108-kg Thuraya 1 geomobile communication satellite, is delayed by 48 hours to October 21 due to an unspecified ground instrumentation problem.
		Zenit 3SL, carrying the Thuraya 1 geomobile communication satellite, is due on October 19.
		The Zenit 3SL has been improved to be able to carry the record-breaking 5,108-kg satellite to geostationary transfer orbit.
	www.space-launcher.com /News2000-10.html (5662 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Sea Launch Mission Report \| Mission Status Center
		Tuesday night's blastoff of the Sea Launch Zenit 3SL rocket carrying the XM 3 radio broadcasting satellite was aborted with seven minutes remaining in the countdown because of trouble with the booster.
		Sea Launch reports that final preparations are underway for tonight's flight of the Zenit 3SL rocket carrying the XM 3 radio broadcasting satellite.
		A Sea Launch Zenit 3SL rocket is standing atop its ocean-going platform in the Pacific Ocean for Wednesday night's blastoff to deliver a replacement spacecraft into orbit for XM Satellite Radio.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /sealaunch/xm3/status.html (2188 words)

	Zenit-3SL
		Thuraya was launched from the Odyssey platform in the Pacific Ocean positioned on the equator at 154 deg W. The two-stage Yuzhnoe Zenit core delivered Thuraya and its Energiya Blok DM-SL upper stage to a -2212 x 182 km suborbital trajectory.
		The two-stage Zenit put the Blok DM in a suborbital trajectory with a 190 km apogee; the DM first burn went to a 180 x 990 km x 1.3 deg orbit, with the second burn delivering Rock to geostationary transfer orbit.
		The Zenit second stage and the DM third stage with payload entered a -2160 x 195 km suborbital trajectory at 2248:10.
	www.astronautix.com /lvs/zenit3sl.htm (1774 words)

	Space Today Online: Boeing Sea Launch Rocket
		The Ukranian/Russian Zenit 3SL booster successfully lifted off from the Odyssey launch platform moored 1,400 miles south east of Hawaii.
		An American-made communications satellite was ferried to Earth orbit by a Ukranian rocket launched from a platform floating in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
		Its Zenit -- a horizontally-integrated, self-erecting, self-fueling rocket -- served as the first and second stage of the Sea Launch rocket.
	www.spacetoday.org /Rockets/BoeingSeaLaunch.html (1456 words)

	RedOrbit - Space - Sea Launch Seeks to Overcome Delays Caused By a Problematic Launch a Year Ago (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A decade after it was founded, the consortium of American, Russian, Ukrainian and Norwegian rocketeers and mariners that make up Sea Launch is trying to regain momentum and become a profitable player in a merciless business that includes such huge competitors as International Launch Services and Arianespace.
		The only serious failure came in March 2000, when the Zenit malfunctioned, sending a satellite into the ocean instead of space.
		The Americans then worked with the Russians, who are responsible for mating the satellite to the upper-stage of the Zenit rocket.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display?id=154813&source=r_space (1026 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Sea Launch Mission Report \| The Zenit 3SL rocket
		The Zenit 3SL rocket lifts off during the first commercial launch last October.
		Sea Launch uses the Ukrainian-produced Zenit rocket and Russian-built Block DM-SL upper stage.
		The Zenit booster is similar to the two-stage Zenits that have flown over 35 times since 1985.
	spaceflightnow.com /sealaunch/pas9/000727rocket.html (287 words)

	Sea Launch set for first commercial launch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The commercial Zenit 3SL booster will carry a Hughes communications satellite in August.
		The maiden flight saw the Zenit 3SL launched carrying the 4,500kg (9,900lb) DemoSat dummy payload, representing a communications satellite.
		The Odyssey was on the equator, 1,500km (930 miles) south-east of Hawaii at 154°W. This was the first satellite launch into geostationary-transfer orbit to be made from an offshore platform.
	www.aeronautics.ru /sealaunch1.htm (189 words)

	SPACE.com -- Sea Launch Zenit 3SL Orbits Single Bird for Pair of Users
		A Zenit 3SL rocket lifts off from the Odyssey Launch Platform on Oct. 1, 2003.
		Having endured a relatively slow couple of years, Sea Launch officials said they are optimistic for 2004 and hope to stage as many as six launches from the Pacific.
		The mission originally was slated to fly atop a Boeing Delta 4 rocket, but delays prompted officials to switch the spacecraft to a Sea Launch Zenit 3SL.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/zenit_launch_031001.html (545 words)

	Astronomy News
		The Odyssey carries the Russian-Ukrainian rocket Zenit- 3SL with the US’ communications satellite EcoStar-10 attached to it.
		From its equatorial launch site at 154 degrees West Longitude, a Zenit-3SL launch vehicle will lift the EchoStar X spacecraft to a high perigee geosynchronous transfer orbit for its ultimate orbital location at 110 degrees West Longitude in February.
		The Sea Launch Zenit 3SL rocket will launch the EchoStar 10 from the Odyssey platform in the Pacific Ocean (154° West, 0° North).
	www.activeboard.com /forum.spark?forumID=58381&subForumID=150688&action=viewTopic&commentID=5586594 (690 words)

	Return to selections:
		Flights of the Zenit have resumed under the auspices of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
		- ZENIT 4, 1964/05/18, 11F69, was VOSTOK 4, 11F64.
		Not to be confused with the Russian launch vehicle known as Zenit.
	www.spacecraftnames.info /z.html (398 words)

	Zenit 3SL - General Information
		The Sea Launch venture was formed in April 1995 between Boeing Commercial Space Co., RKK Energiya, Kvaerner Maritime AS and NPO Yuzhnoye.
		The Zenit 3SL experienced its first launch failure on March 12, 2000, on its third mission.
		Planned improvements of the Zenit 3SL include a better management of propellant margins in order to increase the payload capability to geostationary transfer orbit to about 5,500 kg by early 2002 and over 6,000 kg by late 2002.
	www.orbireport.com /Launchers/Zenit_3SL (526 words)

	CNS - Space: Ukraine: Launch Capabilities
		Ukraine has developed the Zenit (Zenith), Tsiklon (Cyclone), and Dnepr (Dnipro) rockets and is working on the development of a new lightweight launch vehicle, the Mayak.[1] These rockets, many of which are based on Soviet-era missile technology developed in Ukraine, are used for launching international commercial satellites, Ukrainian satellites, and Russian military satellites.
		The Dnepr booster is a converted RS-20 intercontinental ballistic missile which is used to launch small satellites.[10] Kosmotras, the Ukrainian-Russian-Kazakh company which develops the rocket, is working on improvements which would, among other advancements, allow the Dnepr to launch several satellites simultaneously and place them in different orbits.[10]
		Instead, launches are conducted either at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan or at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia.[11] Ukraine maintains close cooperation with Russia, which uses Ukrainian rockets for many of its satellite launches.
	cns.miis.edu /research/space/ukraine/launch.htm (365 words)

	National Space Agency of Ukraine / Launch Vehicles / Zenit-3SL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Two-staged Zenit launch vehicle, developed and produced by "SDO Yuzhnoye" and "Yuzhny Machine-Building Plant", is the primary launch vehicle for Sea Launch project.
		Zenit – 3 SL Type and launch location
		Mass of spacecraft launched from the equator area:
	www.nkau.gov.ua /nsau/catalogNEW.nsf/0/EFB7A4C2121BE0F6C2256E8B0044EBA8?OpenDocument&Lang=E (142 words)

	U.S. Satellite Launched From Sea-Based Platform Atop Zenit Rocket - NEWS - MOSNEWS.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The communications satellite with a reach stretching from upper North America to lower South America went into orbit Thursday on the Zenit 3SL rocket.
		The Odyssey launch platform with the Zenit 3SL booster aboard departed its California port earlier this month, followed a few days later by the Sea Launch Commander control ship.
		After a brief open-ocean chase, the command vessel and converted Norwegian oil platform joined up and made the rest of the journey to the equator in tandem formation.
	www.mosnews.com /news/2005/06/23/zenitlaunch.shtml (821 words)

	Zenit-3SL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Zenit is a two-stage liquid fueled rocket introduced in 1985 and capable of carrying a 30,000 lb (13,600 kg) payload to a Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
		The Zenit-3SL is a three-stage version of Zenit launch vehicle consisting of a liquid oxygen/kerosene fueled Zenit-2S launch vehicle (RD-171, RD-120 and RD-8 engines), Block DM-SL upper stage (11D58M), and payload unit containing spacecraft.
		It is capable of carrying a 13,200 lb (6,000 kg) payload into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).
	www.deagel.com /pandora?p=pm00381001 (116 words)

	Your Daily Briefing Of Satellite
		The spacecraft includes a flexible payload with a fully steerable downlink antenna that can be reconfigured on orbit to seamlessly address market conditions.
		"We look forward to working with DirecTV and Sea Launch as Spaceway F1 continues through final testing and integration with the Zenit launch vehicle," said Dave Ryan, vice president and general manager of commercial and civil satellite programs at Boeing.
		Spaceway F1 is one of four Boeing-built Ka-band satellites DirecTV has scheduled for launch over the next three years as part of a historic expansion of programming capacity.
	www.satnews.com /stories2005/392.htm (264 words)

	Zenit-3SL Launch Called Off - Kommersant Moscow
		U.S. Boeing is one of the major creators of the project.
		The floating platform was constructed by Norwegian Kvaerner, while Russian space corporation Energy installed the rocket-related facilities both on the platform and on control vessel; designed and made the upper-stage rocket for Zenit.
		Sea Launch project has been implementing since 1995.
	www.kommersant.com /page.asp?idr=500&id=-5030 (284 words)

	spacetoday.net: Zenit 3SL launch delayed
		The launch of a Zenit 3SL rocket carrying a XM Satellite Radio spacecraft was delayed 24 hours because of sea conditions.
		The Zenit 3SL was scheduled to lift off from the Sea Launch Odyssey platform on the Equator in the Pacific Ocean Wednesday evening, but the launch was postponed 24 hours because of "unfavorable sea conditions." The launch has been rescheduled for Thursday at 10:53 pm EST (0353 GMT Friday).
		The rocket will place into orbit XM-3, a new digital radio satellite for XM Satellite Radio.
	www.spacetoday.net /Summary/2801 (260 words)

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