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	Zenit rocket facilities in Baikonur
		Traditionally for the Russian rocketry, the Zenit is assembled and transported to the launch pad in horizontal position on a rail transporter.
		The Zenit rocket inherited from the past an assembly and processing complex in Area 42, which was previously served R-16 and later R-36-type ballistic missiles.
		The test version of the Zenit rocket is on the right, the main rail tracks used to deliver stages and to roll out the vehicle to the launch pad is in the center.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /baikonur_zenit.html (1293 words)

	Zenit rocket - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zenit was build in the 1980s for two purposes: as a Liquid Rocket Booster for the Energia rocket and, equipped with a second stage, as a stand-alone rocket.
		Zenits are launched from Russia's Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, and by the Sea Launch organization's floating launch platform in the Pacific Ocean.
		Since the Zenit is not built in Russia, it is planned to be replaced in that service by the new and yet unflown Angara rocket, although Russia does still use the Zenit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zenit_rocket (195 words)

	Pravda.RU:Defense Ministry satellite successfully launched
		The rocket was initially developed for the rapid deployment and replenishment of Russian satellite group and manned spaceships.
		After further development, the rocket's first stage was used as a booster for the Energia rocket carrier and successfully functioned in two launches.
		Presently, the rocket is periodically used to launch satellites for Russia and Ukraine.
	english.pravda.ru /science/2004/06/10/54361_.html (320 words)

	Sea Launch Launch Vehicle page
		Sea Launch rocket components are manufactured in Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine (first and second stages); Moscow, Russia (third or "upper" stage); and Seattle, Wash. (payload fairing and interstage structure).
		Rocket components are assembled onboard the ACS in a below-decks factory area.
		The horizontally integrated rocket is then transferred to the launch platform, where it is stored in an environmentally controlled hangar during transit to the equator.
	www.sea-launch.com /sllaunch_vehicle.htm (273 words)

	Talk:Zenit rocket - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The sounding rocket zenith was a single-step rocket with a length of 5.6 meters, a diameter of 0.42 meters and a takeoff weight of 610 kilograms.
		This rocket, which was propelled by solid-propellant engine, which supplied a thrust of 45kN in the starting phase and in the further flight phase of 22kN, could carry a pay load of 25 kilograms in 210 kilometers height or a pay load of 130 kilograms at a value of 115 kilometers.
		For example the site I got the Isp for the Zenit rocket only states it in seconds,[7], now we can assume the source was from the Ukraine and it should be metric, but that is not a guarantee.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Zenit_rocket (1730 words)

	Energia biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The number of Zenit boosters was reduced from four to two, and instead of four RD-0120 engines in the core, it had only one.
		With eight Zenit booster rockets and an Energia-M core as an upper stage, the "Vulkan" (which was interestingly the same name of another Soviet heavy lift rocket that was cancelled years earlier) or "Hercules" configuration could have launched a stunning 175 tonnes into orbit.
		The Energia rocket only flew twice, the first on May 15 1987, with the UKSS military payload, and the second on November 15 1988, with the Buran Shuttle.
	energia.biography.ms (669 words)

	Russian Rockets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This rocket is the primary launcher used for manned Russian space flights.
		The Soyuz rocket is also used to deploy low-altitude reconnaissance satellites.
		Zenit, introduced in 1985, is a liquid-fueled launch vehicle that was the first completely new Soviet rocket in 20 years.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /rsa/rockets.html (370 words)

	Zenit Launch Vehicle - Zenit Rocket - Used by Sea Launch Consortium
		Zenit Launch Vehicle is an expendable rocket manufactured in Ukraine by NPO Yuznoye.
		The first stage of the Zenit Rocket was used as strap-on boosters for the now abandoned Energia launch vehicle.
		The Zenit Rocket is the second most powerful booster among serially produced Russian launchers today.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /lv/zenit.html (438 words)

	Frontier Status #114 - 11 September 1998
		While this was the first commercial launch for NPO Yuzhnoye of Ukraine, it was the 31st flight for the Zenit rocket and the second Globalstar launch.
		Zenit has failed to deliver eight times out of 31 -- giving it the distinction of having the worst launch record for any rocket in the world.
		Thirty-six satellites had previously been slated to be launched on three Zenit rockets by the end of 1998 with additional satellites launched on a Russian Soyuz rocket in early 1999.
	www.frontierstatus.com /fs0114.shtml (3235 words)

	Wired News: 12 Satellites Go Down in Russia
		The Zenit-2 rockets, converted from Soviet ballistic missiles, were to form part of a US$2.6 billion communications system using 48 satellites.
		He could not say exactly where the rocket had come down but said it was likely to have been somewhere in the Altai or Khakassia regions of southern Siberia.
		The two-stage rocket was built by Ukraine's Yuzhnoye plant.
	www.wired.com /news/technology/0,1282,14929,00.html (610 words)

	Frontier Status Report #188
		A Zenit 2 rocket carrying a classified military satellite was successfully launched from Baikonur on Thursday, February 3 at 4:26 a.m.
		The Zenit rocket was originally scheduled for launch on February 2 was rescheduled after a power outage at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
		The Zenit rocket is manufactured by KB Yuzhnoye/PO Yuzhmash of Ukraine and it outfitted with a Blok DM upper stage built by RSC Energia of Russia (PR Newswire; SeaLaunch Web Page).
	www.asi.org /adb/06/09/07/2000/fs-20000204.html (4884 words)

	Tumbling Satellites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Rocket bodies can receive a little kick during insertion of the payload into orbit and can start to tumble around one or more axes.
		Measuring the time interval during which the rocket has flashed some tens of times can, after dividing this total time by the number of flash periods, give a good approximation for the true rotation period.
		Immediately after the launch, most flash periods of rocket stages are of the order of a few seconds.
	www.satobs.org /tumble/tumbleintro.html (803 words)

	Your Daily Briefing Of Satellite
		A Sea Launch Zenit-3SL rocket lifts off from the Odyssey Launch Platform at 7: 51 pm PST February 28 (3:51:00 GMT, Mar. 1) successfully orbiting XM-3 satellite.
		The Sea Launch Zenit-3SL rocket lifted off at 7:51 pm PST Feb. 28 (03:51 GMT, Mar. 1), precisely on schedule, from the Odyssey Launch Platform, positioned at 154 degrees West Longitude.
		Initially, the launch was to take place on Thursday, Feb. 17 and later Friday, Feb. 18, but launch officials postponed the flight because of strong sea currents and winds in the area of the Odyssey oceanic platform.
	www.satnews.com /stories2005/301.htm (405 words)

	Security chief rejects sabotage in Zenit explosion (11/08/98) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Russian experts said two weeks ago that a malfunction in the Russian-built control system of the Ukrainian-built rocket, which was carrying 12 U.S. satellites, caused the explosion that destroyed the rocket and the payload minutes after launch.
		Horbulin, the control system of the Zenit II had a fatal design flaw that did not allow it to recognize a malfunction in the system's operation, which it mistook for a malfunction in the engine.
		The rocket, which was carrying the largest payload of satellites ever carried by one rocket, went down near the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakstan on September 9, five minutes after launch, when the second-stage booster rocket shut down.
	www.ukrweekly.com /Archive/1998/459804.shtml (526 words)

	Crash of Ukrainian rocket imperils space program (09/20/98)
		The 12 satellites that the Zenit II was to take into orbit was the largest payload of satellites ever carried by a single rocket.
		Initial reports are that a computer malfunction, which ordered the Zenit II to shut down its engines during the fifth minute of flight, is responsible for the failed launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakstan.
		He also explained that one of the Zenit II's valuable assets is that it can be stored horizontally and lifted to a vertical position just before launch, an indispensable trait on an ocean platform that constantly sways.
	www.ukrweekly.com /Archive/1998/389801.shtml (954 words)

	rd-120 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Zenit Rocket was derived from the Energia liquid booster strap ons.
		The Zenit Rocket was Russia's answer to Ronald Reagan's SDI (Star Wars) initiative.
		The Zenit was designed to hide in railway tunnels (hence the 12 foot diameter) and launch automatically in four hours.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /rocketengines/rd-120.html (166 words)

	SPACE.com -- Ukrainian Zenit Rocket Returns to Flight
		Russia launched a secretive military satellite aboard a Zenit rocket Friday, marking the first flight of the Ukrainian-built booster since it suffered a catastrophic failure on a sea-going launch pad in January.
		Liftoff of the Zenit 2M rocket was at 1000 GMT (6:00 a.m.
		Sea Launch plans to begin launching Zenit rockets from Baikonur early next year under the company's Land Launch program, which aims to capture a portion of the launch market for mid-size communications satellites.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/sfn_070702_zenit_kosmos2m.html (456 words)

	Rednova NEWS \| Zenit Rocket May Launch New Manned Spaceship - General Designer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		June 10 (Interfax-Kazakhstan) - The Zenit rocket can be used for launching the Klipper manned spaceship being designed by Russia's Energia Aerospace Corporation, Stanislav Konyukhov, General Designer at the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau based in Ukraine, told the press in Baikonur on Thursday.
		The Zenit was built for launching manned spaceships, Konyukhov said.
		The rocket can be easily launched from Baikonur, which has appropriate technical facilities and personnel, he said.
	www.rednova.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=63741 (206 words)

	SEA LAUNCH
		The rocket which is going to be launched from the Odyssey is Ukrain built with a Russian Block DM-SL upper stage module.
		The rockets name is Zenit 2 and has 3 stages, all kerosene/liquid oxygen fueled.
		Rocket launches by the americans are most often done at Cape Canaveral and by the Russians from Baikonur.
	home.c2i.net /jonass/engelsk/sea-launch.htm (756 words)

	S.P.Korolev RSC Energia - SEA LAUNCH SYSTEM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The high spots of the history of developing and operating the unique Sea Launch Complex have covered the period since origin of the project in 1991-1992 when NPO Energia together with Russian enterprises conducted preliminary basic research on development of a Sea-Based Rocket and Space Complex.
		At 8:02:59.178 A.M. Moscow Time (September 30, 2003 at 9:02:59.178 P.M. PDT) the eleventh launch of Zenit-3SL rocket was performed from the Odyssey Launch Platform.
		For the first time in a commercial launch, a capability was demonstrated to put more than 6 ton SC into a geotransfer orbit owing to special engineering measures implemented by RSC Energia to further improve the unique performance of the upper stage.
	www.energia.ru /english/energia/sea-launch/chron.html (703 words)

	Rocket Visibility Predictions for Durham NC USA
		25400 is Zenit(Russia) rocket that launched Resurs 01-N4.
		Azimuth is the angle measured in degrees clockwise from north.
		Elevation is the angle measured in degrees up from the horizon.
	home.att.net /~r.d.mckee/rockets.html (193 words)

	Wired News: Ukraine Begs for Rocket Restart
		A Ukrainian-made Zenit rocket carrying an Okean-O Ukrainian-Russian research satellite has been sitting at the base since its launch was cancelled last Thursday.
		One of its rockets crashed in September last year, destroying 12 satellites of the Globalstar Telecommunications consortium it was carrying.
		"Each launch of Zenit rockets is a big political issue for us," said Kuchma, who headed the plant producing the rocket before his presidency in 1994.
	wired-vig.wired.com /news/politics/0,1283,20708,00.html (514 words)

	Globalstar Zenit Launch Malfunctions
		New York - September 11, 1998 - Globalstar announced today that a rocket malfunction has resulted in the loss of 12 Globalstar satellites launched yesterday on a Zenit 2 rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.
		Preliminary data indicates there was a problem in the second stage of the rocket.
		Among the recovery alternatives previously put into place by Globalstar in the event of a launch failure are an acceleration of launches and launch options contracted for on Soyuz and Delta 2 rockets, and launch of additional satellites on the Zenit 2 pending satisfactory conclusion of the launch failure investigation.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/globalstar-98i.html (282 words)

	Sea Launch
		The international spacecraft rocketed from its floating platform at 3:28 GMT at 154 degrees west longitude on the equator and carried a U.S. broadcasting satellite into a geo-stationary orbit.
		The rocket will be withdrawn from its hangar on the platform, lifted into a vertical position, fueled with kerosene and liquid oxygen, and launched.
		Zenit's horizontal integration and highly automated operations are enabling features for Sea Launch: The vehicle is transported from its environmentally controlled hangar on the Odyssey, erected, fueled, and launched -- all via automated remote control.
	www.xs4all.nl /~carlkop/sealaun.html (2967 words)

	Almost-launched Sealaunch Rocket Needs First Stage Engine Replaced \| SpaceRef - Your Space Reference
		At least two weeks would be needed to replace the used rocket engine with one taken from the first stage from one of these other two unused rockets.
		The Zenit was originally designed as a strap-on booster for the massive Energia booster which launched Russia's space shuttle Buran on its single mission.
		The horizontally integrated rocket is then transferred to the launch platform, where it is stored in an environmentally controlled hangar during transit to the equator." Launches occur in the South Pacific in international waters on the equator at 154° west longitude.
	www.spaceref.com /news/viewnews.html?id=274 (541 words)

	The Seattle Times: Business & Technology: Sea Launch could use a lift
		A Russian-built rocket and satellite are loaded in preparation for launch at sea on the Earth's equator, where eastbound rockets pick up the maximum boost from the Earth's rotation.
		And eastbound rockets benefit from the momentum of the Earth, which rotates faster at the equator than it does elsewhere.
		They then worked with the Russians, who are responsible for mating the satellite to the Zenit rocket's upper stage.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/businesstechnology/2002324328_sealaunch10.html (917 words)

	BBC News \| UK \| Satellite firm plans rocket relaunch
		Sea Launch, the company which launched the rocket from a platform in the Pacific Ocean, says it lost communications with the craft a few minutes after take-off at 1439 GMT.
		A separate launch on Sunday of a Proton rocket from the Baikonur space base in Kazakhstan was a success.
		The Zenit rocket used a refitted North Sea oil rig as a platform for blasting satellites into space.
	news.bbc.co.uk /low/english/uk/newsid_675000/675317.stm (544 words)

	Energia Familly Description
		Later it was proposed as an alternative to the Angara launcher, but was refused because this last one had to be completely Russian but the boosters of Energia M were built in Ukraine.
		The Zenit launcher which development began in 1976 became operational in 1985 because of numerous difficulties of development and production.
		The leader of study was V F Utkin of KB Yuzhnoye, with V P Radovskiy of KB Energomash for engines, V G Sergeyev of NPO Elektropribov was responsible for the guidance system.
	www.buran-energia.com /energia/famille-desc.php (436 words)

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