Zeno-of-the-Byzantine-Empire

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	Zeno (emperor) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zeno is described as a lax and indolent ruler, but he seems to have husbanded the resources of the empire so as to leave it appreciably stronger at his death.
		Zeno was compelled to shut himself up in a fortress and spent the next 20 months raising an army, largely made up of fellow Isaurians, and marched on Constantinople in August 476.
		Zeno got rid of the problem in 487 by inducing him to invade Italy to fight Odoacer and establish his new kingdom there, all but eliminating the German presence in the east.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zeno_of_the_Byzantine_Empire

	Byzantine Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Byzantine Empire was the empire that brought widespread adoption of Christianity to Europe - arguably one of the central aspects of a modern Europe’s identity.
		The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centred at its capital in Constantinople.
		The Eastern Empire was largely spared the difficulties of the west in the 3rd and 4th centuries (see Crisis of the Third Century), in part because urban culture was better established there and the initial invasions were attracted to the wealth of Rome.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Byzantine_Empire

	Byzantine Empire
		The Byzantine Empire was a continuation of the Roman Empire, which was split towards the end of the 4th century; the eastern part became the Byzantine Empire.
		The empire saw a period of cultural, territorial and economic advances in the 10th and 11th centuries.
		The name Byzantine Empire is an academic term, used to differ this empire from the former Roman.
	i-cias.com /e.o/byz_empire.htm

	Byzantine Empire. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The reconstructed empire was soon attacked from all sides, notably by Charles I of Naples, by Venice, by the Ottoman Turks, by the new kingdoms of Serbia and Bulgaria, and by Catalonian adventurers under Roger de Flor.
		The reigns (395–527) of Arcadius, Theodosius II, Marcian, Leo I, Leo II, Zeno, Anastasius I, and Justin I were marked by the invasions of the Visigoths under Alaric I, of the Huns of Attila, and of the Avars, the Slavs, the Bulgars (see Bulgaria), and the Persians.
		The core of the empire consisted of the Balkan Peninsula (i.e., Thrace, Macedonia, Epirus, Greece proper, the Greek isles, and Illyria) and of Asia Minor (present-day Turkey).
	www.bartleby.com /65/by/ByzantinEmp.html

	Byzantine Empire - All About Turkey
		For 1100 years, the Byzantine's were able to maintain control of their empire, although somewhat tenuously at times; the Empire's expansion and prosperity were balanced by internal religious schisms (such as Nika Riot) and recurring wars with enemies from the outside.
		The Byzantine Empire, however, had left its mark on the culture, never to be entirely erased even after the Conquest.
		Almost all that survives of the Byzantine architecture are its churches, with their glorious frescoes and mosaics.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /bizans.htm

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire
		The decline of the Byzantine Empire is strikingly exhibited in the depreciation of currency during the reigns of the Comneni.
		Again and again was the Byzantine Empire de facto reduced to the limits of the capital city, which Anastasius had transformed into an unrivaled fortress; and often, too, was the victory over its foes gained by troops before whose ferocity its own citizens trembled.
		Upon this motive, the Emperor Zeno closed the Nestorian school at Edessa, in 489 and it was a part of the same policy that induced the successors of Constantine the Great to support the leaders of the Christian clerical party, the Mamikonians, in opposition to the Mazdeistic nobility.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03096a.htm

	AllRefer.com - Odoacer (Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Emperor Zeno of the East, considering himself heir to the West Roman Empire, reluctantly recognized Odoacer's authority over Italy and granted him the title of patrician.
		In 488, Zeno sent Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths, into Italy to expel Odoacer.
		Odoacer defeated the Roman general Orestes at Piacenza, took Ravenna (the West Roman capital), and deposed Romulus Augustulus, last Roman emperor of the West (until the coronation in 800 of Charlemagne).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/O/Odoacer.html

	The Empire
		It is also worth noting, for it is a fact neglected even by some professional historians, that the Byzantine Empire retook the City of Rome from the Ostrogoths in 553, and held it for the next 200 years.
		This covers the various phases of the Roman Empire: the original, the Western, the Eastern (Byzantine), and the Holy Roman Empire.
		The Western division of the Empire, encompassing Rome itself together with Italy, Gaul, Britain, Iberia, and northwestern Africa, was utterly unable to maintain itself in the face of overwhelming barbarian invasion/migration.
	www.hostkingdom.net /empire.html

	Verina
		Aelia Verina (died 484) was the wife of Byzantine emperor Leo I of the Byzantine EmpireLeo I, and the mother-in-law of Zeno of the Byzantine EmpireZeno/, who was married to her daughter Ariadne.
		She originally supported Zeno while the young emperor Leo II was still alive, but after Leo II's death in 474 she turned against her son-in-law.
		She conspired against him with her lover Patricius, her brother Basiliscus, the Isaurian general Illus, and general Theodoric Strabo, forcing Zeno to flee Constantinople in 475.
	www.infothis.com /find/Verina

	Historical diagram: Byzantine Empire
		Decline of the restored Byzantine “Empire” and further reduction of its territory mainly due to the conquests of the
		Predominance of the Empire of Nikaia in the ensuing conflicts.
		Creation of the Latin Empire of Constantinople and foundation of several Latin states in Hellas; a number of territories was placed under the rule of Venice due to its major contribution to the whole operation.
	www.culture.gr /2/21/214/21401m/presveis/Pages/info/Reference/HisByz.html

	Kingdoms of Greece - The Byzantine Empire
		As the Western Empire declined in the face of barbarian incursions and settlement, the Eastern Empire survived and, for some periods, actually thrived.
		The citizens of the Eastern Empire thought of themselves as the true survivors and descendants of Rome, and called themselves Romans until at least the end of the first millennium.
		The Byzantines withdraw to Nicæa in Anatolia, but rival claimants also established holdings in Trebizond and Epirus so that, at one point, there are four claimants to the Byzantine throne, as well as the Bulgar and Serb states.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/GreeceByzantium.htm

	Roman and Byzantine Emperors
		The second portion of the Empire in importance consisted of the rich and populous city of Thessalonica, with the western part of the Macedonian Chalkidike and its three peninsulas of Cassandra, Longos, and Agionoros.
		The Ottoman Empire was shattered and the four sons of the captured sultan, Bayezid, contented for the possession of their European provinces.
		During his reign Byzantine strength decreased in the eastern Mediterranean, and Crete (826) and later Sicily fell to the Arabs.
	users.tibus.com /decline-and-fall/emperors.htm

	justinian-clan.txt
		In addition, they are marked as "Minor" in the sense that most Arthurian characters who came from the the Byzantine empire were minor characters: Sagramore le Desirous was a Prince of Hungary of royal Byzantine blood, Prince Alexander was the son of an ahistorical "Emperor Alexander" and "Empress Tantalis" who married Soredamor (mother of Cliges).
		In the Arthurian legends, the Byzantine empire was a distant and mundane place, whose power was faint in comparison to Arthur's mystical and blessed kingdom.
		Although the term "byzantine" is synonymous with "scheming" to us, most of the nobles of Constantinople work under at least a facade of honesty.
	www.employees.org /~pcorless/pendragon/justinian-clan.txt

	zeno - about zeno
		*Zeno of the Byzantine EmpireEmperor Zeno of the Byzantines (d.
		491 CE), Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire 474-491.
		architect, ireland, zeno, winkens, wexford, architects, zeno winkens, wap, zowap, riba, riai, county wexford, co. wexford, east coast, south east, sunny, leinster, waterford, waterford city, co. waterford, wicklow, co. wicklow, irish, german, germany
	gift.loveportraits.net /zeno.htm

	474
		February 9 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire
		Forty-five years of conflict between the Roman Empire and the Vandals end when the eastern Roman Emperor Zeno's envoys conclude a peace with King Geiseric.
		November 17 - The death of Leo II leaves Zeno sole Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire; his mother-in-law Verina conspires against him.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/4/474.htm

	Byzantine-msg
		If you wish to have a Byzantine persona, and do it well, you really need to nail down a time and region of the Empire you would have lived in.
		The Byzantine Empire was established around 330 and lasted until 1453.
		a Byzantine perspective) are a chronology of events and a list of the
	www.florilegium.org /files/CULTURES/Byzantine-msg.html

	Coinage of the Byzantine Empire
		For example, Anastasius' accession to power occurred through his marriage to Ariadne, the widow of Emperor Zeno, an event depicted on his earliest coinage (see
		The tradition of dynastic legitimation is clearly illustrated on the coins of Heraclius (610–41).
		This helps to explain the stereotyped hieratic image on most Byzantine coins.
	www.doaks.org /CoinExhibition/uses/Uses4Main.html

	Coins of the Byzantine Empire
		It is a period of longevity almost unrivalled in history; and yet, until recently it is a period written off by historians as merely the extended decline and fall of the Roman Empire.
		The Istanbul Archaeological Museum holds one of the great collections of Byzantine artifacts, all uncovered during excavations and construction projects in the city and its environs.
		The legendary wealth of Constantinople, with its sublime craftsmanship and awesome golden mosaics, (the "Sages standing in God's Holy fire," of Yeats' much quoted poem,) was coupled with a spirituality that dictated penance and abstinence even for a soldier who had killed in battle.
	www.wegm.com /coins/byindex.htm

	1.2.2.9a The Late Empire
		In contrast to the turmoil in the West, the wealthier and more populous Eastern Empire enjoyed a century of relative peace under five effective emperors.
		The last, Anastasius, introduced a coinage reform in 498 that ended the Roman series and begins the Byzantine Empire.
		To view available coins of the Late Empire, click on the links below:
	www.classicalcoins.com /page61.html

	A Bequest Unearthed, Phoenicia and the Phoenicians, Punic, Canaanites -- The Phoenician Encyclopedia -- Encyclopedia Phoeniciana
		History of the Syriac Orthodox Church (Syriacs links); Byzantines of the East, the Melkites
		Origin of the Phoenician Empire -- Accurately Dating Phoenician History, presented at the Annual Conference of World History Association (Chronology link)
		In Honorem: Deacon Abdalla Zakhir, the Gutenberg of the East; Eastern Christians were key to Arab Renaissance; they introduced the first Arabic script press (ArabPress or Zakhir link)
	www.phoenicia.org /index.shtml

	Anastasius I (emperor) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was born at Dyrrhachium not later than A.D. At the time of the death of Zeno (491), Anastasius, a palace official (silentiarius), held a very high character, and was raised to the throne of the Roman empire of the East, through the choice of Ariadne, Zeno's widow, who married him shortly after his accession.
		It was the uncompromising attitude of the orthodox extremists, and the rebellious demonstrations of the Byzantine populace, that drove him in 512 to abandon this policy and adopt a monophysitic programme.
		The emperor was a convinced Monophysite, but his ecclesiastical policy was moderate; he endeavoured to maintain the principle of the Henotikon of Zeno and the peace of the church.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anastasius_I_of_the_Byzantine_Empire (516 words)

	Verina
		Aelia Verina (died 484) was the wife of Byzantine emperor Leo I of the Byzantine EmpireLeo I, and the mother-in-law of Zeno of the Byzantine EmpireZeno/, who was married to her daughter Ariadne.
		She originally supported Zeno while the young emperor Leo II was still alive, but after Leo II's death in 474 she turned against her son-in-law.
		She conspired against him with her lover Patricius, her brother Basiliscus, the Isaurian general Illus, and general Theodoric Strabo, forcing Zeno to flee Constantinople in 475.
	www.infothis.com /find/Verina (516 words)

	474
		February 9 - Zeno of the Byzantine EmpireZeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire/
		Forty-five years of conflict between the Roman Empire and the Vandals end when the eastern Roman Emperor Zeno of the Byzantine EmpireZeno's envoys conclude a peace with King Geiseric/.
		November 17 - The death of Leo II leaves Zeno sole Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire; his mother-in-law Verina conspires against him.
	www.infothis.com /find/474 (516 words)

	www.reviewingtheevidence.com THREE FOR A LETTER, by Mary Reed and Eric Mayer
		This is the third in Mary Reed and John Mayer's series about John the Eunuch, Lord Chamberlain of the court of Emperor Justinian of the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century, A.D. I recently reviewed out of turn the fourth and latest in the series, FOUR FOR A BOY (highly recommended).
		Justinian wants to restore the Eastern Roman Empire's control over Italy militarily via a campaign by his famous general Belisarius and politically by placing 8-year-old twin heirs on the Ostrogoth throne.
		Justinian and his wife Theodora keep their Ostrogoth hostage-guests at a villa outside Constantinople owned by the elderly eccentria Zeno.
	www.reviewingtheevidence.com /review.html?id=2223 (610 words)

	Byzantine Empire. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The reconstructed empire was soon attacked from all sides, notably by Charles I of Naples, by Venice, by the Ottoman Turks, by the new kingdoms of Serbia and Bulgaria, and by Catalonian adventurers under Roger de Flor.
		The reigns (395–527) of Arcadius, Theodosius II, Marcian, Leo I, Leo II, Zeno, Anastasius I, and Justin I were marked by the invasions of the Visigoths under Alaric I, of the Huns of Attila, and of the Avars, the Slavs, the Bulgars (see Bulgaria), and the Persians.
		The core of the empire consisted of the Balkan Peninsula (i.e., Thrace, Macedonia, Epirus, Greece proper, the Greek isles, and Illyria) and of Asia Minor (present-day Turkey).
	www.bartleby.com /65/by/ByzantinEmp.html (1302 words)

	Byzantine Empire. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The reigns (395–527) of Arcadius, Theodosius II, Marcian, Leo I, Leo II, Zeno, Anastasius I, and Justin I were marked by the invasions of the Visigoths under Alaric I, of the Huns of Attila, and of the Avars, the Slavs, the Bulgars (see Bulgaria), and the Persians.
		The reconstructed empire was soon attacked from all sides, notably by Charles I of Naples, by Venice, by the Ottoman Turks, by the new kingdoms of Serbia and Bulgaria, and by Catalonian adventurers under Roger de Flor.
		The collapse of the empire opened the way for the vast expansion of the Ottoman Empire to Vienna itself and also enabled Ivan III of Russia, son-in-law of Constantine XI, to claim a theoretical succession to the imperial title.
	www.bartleby.com /65/by/ByzantinEmp.html (1302 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire
		The decline of the Byzantine Empire is strikingly exhibited in the depreciation of currency during the reigns of the Comneni.
		Upon this motive, the Emperor Zeno closed the Nestorian school at Edessa, in 489 and it was a part of the same policy that induced the successors of Constantine the Great to support the leaders of the Christian clerical party, the Mamikonians, in opposition to the Mazdeistic nobility.
		Abroad, the Byzantine State was menaced, as of old, on three sides: on the East by the Seljuk Turks, who had supplanted the Arabs; on the West by the Normans, who had sodded the Arabs in that quarter; on the North by the Slavs, Bulgarians, and Finnic-Ugrian (Magyars, Petchenegs, and Cumani).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03096a.htm (16935 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire
		The decline of the Byzantine Empire is strikingly exhibited in the depreciation of currency during the reigns of the Comneni.
		Upon this motive, the Emperor Zeno closed the Nestorian school at Edessa, in 489 and it was a part of the same policy that induced the successors of Constantine the Great to support the leaders of the Christian clerical party, the Mamikonians, in opposition to the Mazdeistic nobility.
		Abroad, the Byzantine State was menaced, as of old, on three sides: on the East by the Seljuk Turks, who had supplanted the Arabs; on the West by the Normans, who had sodded the Arabs in that quarter; on the North by the Slavs, Bulgarians, and Finnic-Ugrian (Magyars, Petchenegs, and Cumani).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03096a.htm (16935 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire
		The decline of the Byzantine Empire is strikingly exhibited in the depreciation of currency during the reigns of the Comneni.
		Again and again was the Byzantine Empire de facto reduced to the limits of the capital city, which Anastasius had transformed into an unrivaled fortress; and often, too, was the victory over its foes gained by troops before whose ferocity its own citizens trembled.
		Byzantine civilization produced a succession of typical women of middle class who are a proof, first, of the high esteem in which women were held in social life and, secondly, of the sacredness of family life, which even now distinguishes the Greek people.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03096a.htm (16935 words)

	AllRefer.com - Anastasius I (Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Anastasius I[anustA´shus, –zhus] Pronunciation Key, c.430–518, Roman emperor of the East (491–518); successor of Zeno, whose widow he married.
		Anastasius was succeeded by Justin I. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press.
		Anastasius I, Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine, Biographies
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/Anastas1.html (219 words)

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