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	rnd(thoughts) » Blog Archive » Zeptogram
		The world%u2019s most sensitive scales can now detect a cluster of xenon atoms a billion, trillion times lighter than a gram.
		A zeptogram (10-21)g) is roughly the mass of a single protein molecule and its detection has set a new record.
		The feat opens up the prospect of future devices that could identify single molecules by weight, providing a sensor of extreme sensitivity that would be valuable in medical and environmental testing.
	www.jotajota.org /archives/2005-03/zeptogram (189 words)

	Zeptogram-Scale Nanomechanical Mass Sensing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Such sensitivity also enables the observation of extremely minute (statistical) mass fluctuations that arise from the adsorption and desorption of atomic species upon the surfaces of NEMS devices-processes that impose fundamental sensitivity limits upon nanoscale gas sensors.
		This confirms a remarkably large mass dynamic range from a few kilodaltons (or several zeptogram sensitivity) up to at least the ~100 MDa range, corresponding to femtogram-scale accretions.
		In conclusion, we demonstrate NEMS mass sensing at the zeptogram scale.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/sample.cgi/nalefd/2006/6/i04/html/nl052134m.html (2439 words)

	Science News
		The xenon atoms' collective mass is so small that the scientists had to resort to a little-known unit of measure—the zeptogram—to describe it.
		At 7 zeptograms, or billionths of a trillionth of a gram, this mass is comparable to that of many small proteins important in functions such as cell-to-cell signaling, Roukes notes.
		The zeptogram-magnitude measurement also moves the team closer to its ultimate goal: a chip-based device capable of weighing a single hydrogen atom.
	www.phschool.com /science/science_news/articles/lone_protein.html (279 words)

	Newswise
		A Dalton, also known as an atomic mass unit, is roughly the mass of a single proton or neutron.
		In relation to other units of mass, a Dalton is one-thousandth of a zeptogram, which is one-thousandth of an attogram, which is one-thousandth of a femtogram, which is one-thousandth of a picogram, which is one-thousandth of a nanogram, which is a billionth of a gram.
		While DNA molecules are fairly large, as molecules go, they are still a step smaller than most viruses, which consist of a DNA core surrounded by a protein coat.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/511975 (987 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : KnowHOW
		The success was achieved by replacing a rice gene originally borrowed from daffodils, which also has a counterpart in maize, reports Nature Biotechnology.
		The world?s most sensitive scale can now detect a cluster of xenon atoms, weighing 1,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000 times lighter than a gram, or a zeptogram.
		When atoms or molecules are placed on a small blade, they are weighed by measuring the change in the vibration frequency of a magnetic field and the voltage generated in an attached wire.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1050411/asp/knowhow/story_4560105.asp (164 words)

	ZEPTOGRAM MASS DETECTION---WEIGHING MOLECULES. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Michael Roukes and his Caltech colleagues produce some of the finest nanoscopic electromechanical systems (NEMS) devices in the world.
		His latest achievement is performing mass measurements with nearly zeptogram (zg) sensitivity, that is, with an uncertainty of only a few times 10^-21 grams.
		At this level you can start to weigh molecules one at a time.
	newton.ex.ac.uk /aip/glimpse.txt/physnews.725.1.html (227 words)

	voluntaryXchange: Zeptoscale
		Scientists have succeeded in making a scale that can weigh something as small as a zeptogram.
		I know what you're saying - they're just making up metric prefixes at this point.
		Maybe so, but for perspective in declining order by one thousandths the measures of weight are the gram, milligram, microgram, nanogram, picogram, femtogram, attogram, attaboy, and zeptogram, and yoctogram.
	voluntaryxchange.typepad.com /voluntaryxchange/2005/03/zeptoscale.html (275 words)

	Exquisite Detection
		If steps are not taken, then even without RT, a PCR reaction with our paternal and maternal strands will give a positive result, since all polymerases we have tried have sufficient RT activity to produce daughter strands.
		Our assay for RT is approximately 100,000 times more sensitive than commercially available assays.We can detect 6 molecules (approximately 1 zeptogram) of RT in 10 microliters of buffer.
		We can detect 6 molecules of RT in 10 microliters of buffer containing over 1 pmol of BSA (approximately 0.1 micrograms).
	www.usc.edu /dept/molecular-science/fm-exquisite-detection.htm (608 words)

	Article: World's most sensitive scales weigh a zeptogram
		Article: World's most sensitive scales weigh a zeptogram
		Groupsrv.com Topic Name : Article: World's most sensitive scales weigh a zeptogram
		The world's most sensitive scales can now detect a cluster of xenon atoms a billion, trillion times lighter than a gram.
	www.groupsrv.com /science/ptopic89731.html (561 words)

	From Single Cell Gene-based Diagnostics to Diagnostic Genomics: Current Applications and Future Perspectives Clinical ...
		Real-time detection of PCR allows us to quantify amplified amplicons with a broad dynamic range and it offers a unique way to detect genetic mutations.
		Other technologies such as immuno-PCR and bio-barcode assay (BCA) combine different amplification tactics offering extreme detection sensitivity ranging from femtogram (10^sup -15^) to zeptogram (10^sup -21^).
		Even though quantum dots technology is in its infant stage, its potential to further increase diagnostic sensitivity and specificity is likely beyond our current imagination.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3890/is_200510/ai_n15743496/pg_19 (653 words)

	APS - 2005 APS March Meeting - Event - Zeptogram Scale Nanomechanical Mass Sensing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		APS - 2005 APS March Meeting - Event - Zeptogram Scale Nanomechanical Mass Sensing
		Abstract: S44.00009 : Zeptogram Scale Nanomechanical Mass Sensing
		We also anticipate this will offer an unprecedented opportunity for many interesting applications in surface science, atomic physics and biology.
	meetings.aps.org /Meeting/MAR05/Event/24127 (168 words)

	[No title]
		UT’s Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics Group, lead by Soren Sorensen and Ken Read, is part of this research program.
		Other top stories were the observation of geoneutrinos (which won fame as a Nature cover story in July and involved UT scientists Mikhail Batygov, Bill Bugg, Yuri Efremenko, Yuri Kamyshkov, and Alexandre Kozlov) and the zeptogram mass sensitivity in a cantilever sensor—allowing scientists to weigh molecules one at a time.
		This technology was built in part on contributions from the ORNL Nanoscale Sciences and Devices Group (many group members have appointments in the physics department).
	www.phys.utk.edu /news/2005/news_12232005_topstories.html (216 words)

	[New Scientist] World’s most sensitive scales weigh a zeptogram [Archive] - Futurelooks Community Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		> The News Room > [New Scientist] World’s most sensitive scales weigh a zeptogram
		View Full Version : [New Scientist] World’s most sensitive scales weigh a zeptogram
		April 4th, 2005, 07:59 PM eptogram is roughly the mass of a single protein molecule and its detection sets a new record — very sensitive detectors could follow
	www.futurelooks.com /forums/archive/index.php/t-14506.html (78 words)

	World’s most sensitive scales weigh a zeptogram - mech-tech - 30 March 2005 - New Scientist
		World’s most sensitive scales weigh a zeptogram - mech-tech - 30 March 2005 - New Scientist
		Sweden calls for a ban on cluster bombs
		For what's in New Scientist magazine this week see contents
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn7208 (617 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Scales tip with tiniest mass yet
		Some hope devices could one day weigh biological molecules
		US scientists have managed to measure the mass of a cluster of xenon atoms at just a few billionths of a trillionth of a gram - or a few zeptograms.
		The record measurement is in the mass range of individual protein molecules, and the detection was made using sensitive scales developed at Caltech.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/4394947.stm (292 words)

	What's New @ IEEE in Circuits
		Neither do they plan to rest on their laurels.
		Further refining and reducing the size of measurement device could allow them to make measurements in the zeptogram range.
		ROVING SPIRIT: IEEE MEMBER WORKING ON MARS ROVER PROJECT
	www.ieee.com /portal/pages/products/whats-new/wnckts/wnckts0304.html (1190 words)

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