Zero waste agriculture

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Topic: Zero waste agriculture

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In the News (Fri 1 Jan 10)

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	Sustain a Green Campus by Reduction and Recycling, CUHK's New Measures in Envirmnmental Rrotection
		The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) seeks continually to provide a congenial campus by conserving natural resources, planting more trees, reducing waste and lowering energy expenditure.
		The newly released "Environmental Report 2001" of CUHK accounted of the University's achievements last year in air quality enhancement, noise reduction, waste recycling, water quality protection, energy conservation and public education.
		CUHK is the first local tertiary institution to have implemented a comprehensive environmental audit on the campus on its own initiatives and released an Environmental Report last year.
	www.cuhk.edu.hk /ipro/pressrelease/020312e.htm (480 words)

	Radioactive Waste Managment in Australia
		Radioactive waste is currently in temporary storage at numerous locations across the country, often within towns and cities.
		Radioactive materials have a variety of important uses in medicine, industry, agriculture, and sterilisation, as well as in our homes.
		The production and use of radioactive materials generate radioactive waste which must be managed safely and appropriately.
	www.radioactivewaste.gov.au (258 words)

	AllRefer.com - toxic waste, Environment (Environmental Studies) - Encyclopedia
		It usually is the product of industry or commerce, but comes also from residential use, agriculture, the military, medical facilities, radioactive sources, and light industry, such as dry cleaning establishments.
		Toxic waste treatment and control has proved to be expensive and time-consuming with more resources spent on court battles than on actual cleanup.
		In some cases such wastes are shipped to developing countries for cheap disposal without the informed consent of their governments.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/toxicwas.html (258 words)

	EWG Report As You Sow: Toxic Waste in California Home and Farm Fertilizers
		In spite of these risks, the California Department of Food and Agriculture is proposing new regulations would allow toxic waste in fertilizer at more than four times the Washington State standard, and up to 85 times the amount allowed in some European countries.
		According to their report, "As You Sow: Toxic Waste in California Farm and Home Fertilizers," every sample of Ironite was contaminated with lead and arsenic at two to four times the State of California hazardous waste threshold.
		Industrial waste is often heavily contaminated with toxic chemicals known to cause cancer, reproductive and developmental toxicity.
	www.ewg.org /reports/asyousow/fertilizerpr.html (526 words)

	Chemical Waste
		When subjecting waste to steam under pressure, the temperature in the chamber of the autoclave must reach at least 121°C and there must be at least 15 pounds per square inch (psi) gauge pressure for at least 30 minutes.
		Carcasses and body parts of animals that have been preserved must be separated from the preservative (refer to the chemical waste section of this manual for the disposal requirements of the preservative) and double bagged to prevent leakage.
		Use a chemical agent that is registered with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the New Mexico Department of Agriculture as a disinfectant and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
	www.western.edu /chemistry/hygiene/waste.htm (675 words)

	FAO - X0076e
		Urban and peri-urban agriculture present complex interactions of social, economic, and environmental phenomena in locations that are undergoing extremely fast change, often with inadequate financial means to respond.
		One study of urban agriculture in Nairobi showed the land used for farming was 32 percent private residential land, 29 percent roadside land, 16 percent along river banks, and 16 percent in other publicly-owned areas.
		Urban and peri-urban agriculture occurs within and surrounding the boundaries of cities throughout the world and includes products from crop and livestock agriculture, fisheries and forestry in the urban and peri-urban area.
	www.fao.org /unfao/bodies/COAG/COAG15/X0076e.htm (5439 words)

	ETC International - Consultancies: Urban Agriculture brochure
		Urban agriculture is acknowledged for its potential role in increasing food security, employment and income generation, poverty alleviation, community resource development and conservation, waste management and environmental sustainability.
		In collaboration with PARC (Palestinian Agricultural Relief Committees) a multi-actor workshop on urban agriculture in Gaza was organised (August 1998) to study the technical, socio-economic and institutional possibilities for urban agriculture in the Gaza Strip and resulted in recommendations for integrating urban agriculture into municipal and sectoral government policies.
		Unnoticed by most policy makers, urban dwellers are often turning to urban agriculture for their subsistence: to provide food and some cash to survive in the urban environment.
	www.etcint.org /uabro.htm (2256 words)

	Urban Agriculture: Home
		Urban Agriculture Notes is written for those who want to start up their own "Office of Urban Agriculture", for those who have already done so, and for gardeners who are curious about what we refer to as political horticulture.
		The Food and Agriculture Organization was founded in October 1945 with a mandate to raise levels of nutrition and standards of living, to improve agricultural productivity, and to better the condition of rural populations.
		CityHarvest is Sustain's urban and peri-urban food and agriculture project to encourage people to 'grow their own' and develop sustainable food economies.
	www.sustainweb.org /urban_index.asp (2502 words)

	Precision Agriculture - Nanotech Methods Used, Such as ‘Smart Dust’, Smart Fields’ and Nanosensors
		Precision agriculture promises higher yields and lower input costs by streamlining agricultural management and thereby reducing waste and labour costs.
		“Precision farming,” also known as site-specific management, describes a bundle of new information technologies applied to the management of large-scale, commercial agriculture.
		Precision farming technologies typically connect global positioning systems (GPS) with satellite imaging of fields to remotely sense crop pests or evidence of drought, and then automatically adjust levels of irrigation or pesticide applications as the tractor moves around the field.
	www.azonano.com /Details.asp?ArticleID=1318 (1682 words)

	Saint-Laurent Vision 2000 Action Plan, Le Fleuve Newsletter, Volume 9, issue 1, Agriculture
		The agricultural community is already well aware of the issues of adequate livestock waste storage and rational crop fertilization.
		The public’s growing concern and desire for farm producers to adopt more sustainable practices are acknowledged by the activities planned in the Agricultural Intervention sector of Phase III and their respective budgets.
		Sixty million dollars have been earmarked for the PAIA for the drainage basins in western Québec alone to assist producers in doing what is needed to comply with the legislation by the year 2003.
	www.slv2000.qc.ca /bibliotheque/lefleuve/vol09no1/agriculture_a.htm (1682 words)

	NJDA Natural Resource Conservation
		Agricultural conservation planning assistance involves development of conservation management plans for farmers and landowners using best management practices (BMPs) for soil erosion and sediment control, animal waste nutrient management, water quality improvement, non-point source pollution control and other natural resource management concerns.
		Hosted by a local conservation district at the end of each school year, schools participate by district invitation and winners are recognized at the state level and enter national competition.
		Agricultural water supply and management assistance, available through the conservation districts, county agricultural agents and the SSCC, can help farmers secure agricultural water use allocations and enable farmers to better manage irrigation water and stormwater discharge.
	www.state.nj.us /agriculture/rural/natrsrc.htm (1378 words)

	FAO:AG21:Magazine:Spotlight:Conservation agriculture
		For conservation agriculture, burning crop residues after the harvest is a waste of both time and resources
		Conservation agriculture also requires careful planning of crop rotations, new approaches to weed control and pest management, and range of other "precision farming" skills.
		During the transition phase from conventional to conservation agriculture, certain soil-borne pests or pathogens might create new problems due to the change in the biological equilibrium.
	www.fao.org /ag/magazine/0110sp.htm (1195 words)

	Water Science and Technology 39:5 (1999) 161-168 - O. J. Skjelhaugen - Closed system for local reuse of blackwater and food waste, integrated with agriculture
		Water Science and Technology 39:5 (1999) 161-168 - O. Skjelhaugen - Closed system for local reuse of blackwater and food waste, integrated with agriculture
		Food waste and blackwater from new water saving toilets is stored in sub-surface tanks close to the house for one to two years, and then treated in a closed system.
		To increase the recycling rate of blackwater and food waste to farm land, a small scale system, independent of sewer pipelines and sewage works, has been developed.
	www.iwaponline.com /wst/03905/wst039050161.htm (1195 words)

	Washington State Dept. of Agriculture Pesticide Management - Waste Pesticide Collections - WSDA
		The Washington State Department of Ecology's Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program provides information on reducing and preventing hazardous waste.
		The goal of this program is to properly dispose of unused or unusable pesticides and to eliminate the potential source of contamination to the environment.
		To collect and properly dispose of canceled, suspended or otherwise unusable pesticides and minimize further accumulation through education and outreach.
	agr.wa.gov /PestFert/Pesticides/WastePesticide.htm (1060 words)

	Community-Based Technologies for Domestic Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
		Urban Agriculture draws on the often unmanaged and "un-recovered" urban waste stream inherent to a majority of cities in the developing world and attempts to re-direct these resources toward the toward the production of food and fibre in an economically and environmentally sound fashion.
		Failing to recover organic wastewater from urban areas means a huge loss of life- supporting resources that instead of being used in agriculture for food production, fill rivers with polluted water (Niemczynowicz, 1996).
		Ghosh (1991) postulates that the wetland treatment technology for wastewater treatment in developing countries offers a comparative advantage over conventional, mechanised treatment systems because the level of self-sufficiency, ecological balance and economic viability is far greater.
	www.p2pays.org /ref/03/02008.htm (1060 words)

	Mexico City Urban Agriculture
		A third, transitional zone is made up of the small valleys that bisect the mountains, in which irrigated agriculture for the production of quality fodder (alfalfa) predominates, along with that of maize.
		An analysis of the studied animal and agricultural production systems reveals a close relationship between the different spaces and systems, with the waste products of one system providing a source of energy and nitrogen for another, establishing a good basis for the development of a sustainable alternative for large cities.
		Also included within the upland model are family kitchen gardens and backyard livestock which constitute a form of production associated with the local culture in which the population live alongside the animals that are used for agricultural activities on the terraces.
	www.cityfarmer.org /mexico.html (1060 words)

	Sustainable Agriculture in Print: Current Books, SRB 97-05
		Discusses the inability of sustainable agriculture and forestry to be productive when significant numbers of species in natural biota are lost; agricultural technologies that improve the environment and contribute to increasing biodiversity; relationship between microbial biomass and soil organic matter; using landscaping, legumes, and new crops to increase the diversity of agriculture; monitoring biodiversity.
		Discusses the farmer's need for agricultural chemicals, preventing water pollution from manufacturing and agrochemicals, agricultural use of sewage sludge, river and groundwater contamination from farming activities (including fish farming), farm waste and nitrate pollution, agricultural requirements for water for irrigation and aquaculture, agricultural benefits and environmental impact from land drainage.
		Includes an extensive roster of organizations around the world that are promoting and implementing the transition to sustainable agriculture, their particular goals and special areas of interest, addresses and contact information.
	www.nal.usda.gov /afsic/AFSIC_pubs/srb97-05.htm (1060 words)

	CAE - Agriculture and Conservation Policies: 2002 and Beyond
		Cost-share programs essentially transfer funds from public agencies to agricultural practitioners who install conservation practices or new waste management structures on their farms.
		However, if conservation practices are uncertain, and regulators do not monitor the reduction in pollution loading from the practices, regulators cannot be certain that total loadings will be reduced.
		While cost-share programs provide important financial resources for land based conservation, and federal and state resources for these programs have "bucked" the trend by continuing to grow, it is not clear that they alone will be sufficient to meet the goals of the Clean Water Act.
	www.aftresearch.org /researchresource/wp/wp98-6.html (6614 words)

	Recycling -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Biological household waste is still collected separately in some towns in Germany, and may be used for fertiliser or landfilled in more sensitive locations where other waste cannot be.
		Recycled materials can be derived from pre-consumer waste (materials used in (additional info and facts about manufacturing) manufacturing) or post-consumer waste (materials discarded by the (A person who uses goods or services) consumer).
		In the former (A republic in north central Europe on the Baltic; established by the Soviet Union in 1954; reunified with West Germany in 1990) East Germany, biological household waste was collected and used as fodder for pigs.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/re/recycling.htm (930 words)

	waste treatment - find the latest books, CDs and technical publications from over 50 life science publishers
		waste treatment - find the latest books, CDs and technical publications from over 50 life science publishers
		A selection of 'out of print' CPL titles are still available at greatly reduced prices - last few copies remaining on agriculture, biotechnology, renewables, environment and food!
		Wastewater Treatment, Biological and Chemical Processes - 3rd Edition
	www.cplpress.com /glossary/G83.htm (930 words)

	New Leaf Paper: Environmentally Responsible and Economically Sound Paper Products: recycled, tree free and chlorine free
		Agricultural byproducts are fibrous byproducts of agriculture, such as cereal straws and corn stalks, which have previously been treated as a waste stream.
		Pre-consumer materials are those that have not met their intended end-use by a consumer and include allowable waste left over from manufacturing, converting, and printing processes.
		It is processed like post- consumer waste and is deinked for reuse.
	www.newleafpaper.com /terminology.html (693 words)

	Waste: Municipal Solid Waste in the United States
		The remaining are classified as industrial waste generated by manufacturing, agriculture, and mining.
		Included in the definition of municipal solid waste are durable and nondurable goods, containers, food scraps, yard waste, and inorganic waste from residential, commercial, recreational, and institutional sources.
		Municipal solid waste can also include sludge from water and wastewater treatment facilities, septic tanks, construction and demolition debris, medical waste, slaughterhouse waste, grease, and grit trap waste.
	www.texasep.org /html/wst/wst_1msw_ussw.html (441 words)

	NERC
		The Franklin County Solid Waste Management District and the Northeast Recycling Council, Inc. are organizing this event with funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Department of Agriculture, and assistance from Franklin Medical Center, the Montague Council on Aging, and the Franklin County Sheriff's Office.
		Thanks to funding from the USDA Rural Utilities Service, NERC and the Solid Waste District will be able to design and host several pilots in Franklin County.
		The drugs will be sent to a hazardous waste facility for secure incineration.
	www.nerc.org (441 words)

	www.bioshelter.com
		Three Sisters Permaculture Design is a Consultation and Education Service.We offer consultation on organic farming, greenhouse design and management,constructed wetlands for waste water treatment, ecological landuse planning, permaculture designs, gardening, landscaping, native plants and More.
		Permaculture (permanent culture, permanent agriculture) is a system of land use planning which incorporates concepts of ecosystem dynamics, ecologically appropriate technologies, and an ethic of care of the earth into a comprehensive design system.
		The bioshelter at Three Sisters farm is an example of permaculture as applied to greenhouse design and management.
	www.bioshelter.com (715 words)

	Syrian agriculture
		There is also a viewed need for using agricultural and animal waste, and refuse from urban areas, as energy sources.
		Agricultural Production has considerably developed during recent years as a result of investment development for natural resources and adopting modern techniques in all fields of Agricultural production, besides the good Policies and Procedures taken by the government to encourage agricultural investment and to develop it vertically and horizontally.
		The project had executed /44/ flights during 1997-1998 season and they included works of planting clouds in the whole Syrian lands, what means that the project has been ready by national cadres who work independently to contribute in realizing the water security in Syria.
	www.syrianagriculture.org (1076 words)

	BMU - Press 11.05.2004 : Waste water treatment in Germany exemplary within the EU
		Germany's successes in waste water treatment and its ten years of experience in implementing the Directive cannot hide the fact that enormous challenges had to be met, not only in the "new" states (of the former East Germany) but also in the "old" states.
		Germany has achieved one of the important goals set by the EU waste water directive of 1991.
		The Commission notes: "Germany and Austria have fulfilled the requirements of the Directive in virtually all respects." The findings of the report show that although, generally speaking, improvements have been achieved in the European Union, there are still huge delays in many Member States, for example in the designation of so-called sensitive areas.
	www.bmu.de /english/water_management/pm/5922.php (390 words)

	FACULTY FIRSTS
		Solid municipal and agricultural waste is being treated and returned to the land, or used in greenhouses.
		Expansion of cultivation to marginal lands and reclamation of depleted soils have been made possible by innovative soil and water management regimes development of plants and livestock that thrive under hot desert climate stress conditions and crops that can be grown on brackish water.
		RIP IRRIGATION AND FERTIGATION have opened up even arid regions to intensive, high-yield cash crops, while also saving fresh water and making utilization of brackish water feasible cutting use of pesticides and increasing yields.
	indycc1.agri.huji.ac.il /faculty.htm (293 words)

	pg2.htm
		In-vessel systems fully enclose organic waste in a container to mini mize odor, leakage, tem perature variations, etc. The vessel could be located somewhere on campus, or potentially on the Community Supported Agriculture site.
		The post-consumer food waste, which is the food people put on their plates but don't eat, went from the "J" to North Coast Quality Compost (NCQC) in Arcata.
		The postconsumer food waste from the Depot was not being diverted, but plans were in the works to do just that.
	www.humboldt.edu /~recycle/htmls/news/fall99/pg2.htm (586 words)

	Municipal Solid Waste
		Agriculture byproducts/crops, sludge waste, tires, and other biomass solids, liquids and gases.
		Municipal solid waste: large pile of used newspapers.
		Waste Energy Consumption by Type and Energy Use Sector, 2003
	www.eia.doe.gov /cneaf/solar.renewables/page/mswaste/msw.html (256 words)

	USIS Washington File: EXCERPTS: GLOBAL WARMING TO IMPACT U.S. AGRICULTURE
		Increases in rainfall intensity pose a threat to agriculture and the environment because heavy rainfall is primarily responsible for soil erosion, leaching of agricultural chemicals, and runoff that carries livestock waste and nutrients into water bodies.
		Agriculture can reduce atmospheric CO2 through tree-planting and similar programs that sequester significant amounts of carbon and through increased planting of biofuel crops that could replace fossil fuels.
		Agricultural systems are most sensitive to extreme climatic events such as floods, wind storms, and droughts, and to seasonal variability such as periods of frost, cold temperatures, and changing rain-fall patterns.
	usembassy-australia.state.gov /hyper/WF990210/epf318.htm (1332 words)

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In the News (Fri 1 Jan 10)