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	Zeugma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zeugma (from the Greek word "ζεύγμα", meaning "yoke") is a figure of speech in which one word applies to two others in different senses of that word, and in some cases only logically applies to one of the other two words.
		Dictionaries differ on the exact definition of zeugma, some not including the lack of logical application to one word (eg Oxford), and others insisting on it (eg Hutchinson's Dictionary of Difficult Words).
		In syllepsis, a similar concept to zeugma, a word modifies others in appropriate, though often incongruous ways.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zeugma (250 words)

	Zeugma and syllepsis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Zeugma generally will be taken as an error, although it is sometimes used as a figure in poetry.
		A careful writer would recognize the zeugma, decide which meaning he or she wanted, and then express the idea in a new, unambiguous sentence.
		When used intentionally, as in the response to raiders' attack, zeugma indicates the speaker is shocked almost to the point of incoherence.
	www.io.com /~eighner/writing_course/oldquestions/qa040100.html (459 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Drowned Cities of the Upper Euphrates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Zeugma, however, is different: It consists of twin towns—Seleucia on the west bank and Apamea opposite on the east—named respectively for Alexander the Great's general Seleucus Nicator and his Bactrian queen Apama.
		Zeugma, however, recovered, and it is last heard of in 1048, when a bishop of Zeugma attended a church council, although by then it had probably shrunk tolittle more than a large village squatting in the ruins of the Roman town.
		Zeugma is now being explored by Turkish, French and Swiss archeological teams, but the scale of the effort is small in light of both the riches the site holds and the brief time remaining in which to carry out the work.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/199805/drowned.cities.of.the.upper.euphrates.htm (3205 words)

	artnet.com Magazine Features - Zeugma Nears Extinction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Zeugma was founded by Seleucus I Nicator, who was one of Alexander's generals, in ca.
		Zeugma, built overlooking the river on quite a steep hillside, grew to a size three and a half times that of Pompeii and twice that of Roman London.
		The splendor of Zeugma fell into decline in the middle of the third century with the decline of the Roman Empire.
	www.artnet.com /magazine/features/acar/acar8-28-00.asp (2185 words)

	[No title]
		ZEUGMA ; The city that stood here 2,000 years ago, was at the eastern edge of the Roman Empire.
		In the third century, Zeugma is believed to have suffered an invasion, a devastating fire and an earthquake in quick succession.
		Before the century ended, Persians sacked Zeugma, leaving the ruins to be buried by time's accumulation of dirt.
	www.angelfire.com /ar/atay/ZEUGMA/ZeugRomanVilla.html (773 words)

	NOVA \| Transcripts \| Lost Roman Treasure \| PBS
		Zeugma is really two cities on opposite banks of the Euphrates: Seleucia, a hillside town, and Apamea, on the flat plain.
		Zeugma is buried under 10 feet of very fine sedimentary soil, the results of thousands of years of the regular flooding of the Euphrates.
		After the raid, the Roman soldiers who defended Zeugma were moved away to other parts of the empire, as the city went into a slow decline.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/transcripts/2911_zeugma.html (4127 words)

	Zeugma
		While the city was called Zeugma, it was really made up of two cities, Seleucia on the west bank and Apamea on the east bank.
		To the north of the modern Gazi Antep in Eastern Turkey, a route from Zeugma went north to Samosata and Melitene or south to Antioch along the foothills of the Amanus range.
		And Zeugma was a wealthy city as it controlled much of the trade between Mesopotamia and everything to the west.
	www.ancientroute.com /cities/Zeugma.htm (927 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Horizon - The Secret Treasures of Zeugma
		In the summer of 2000, one of the great frontier cities of the Roman Empire, the city of Zeugma, all but disappeared from the face of the Earth under the flood waters of a dam.
		The team’s discoveries at Zeugma caused an international outcry and further excavations were hurriedly put together.
		Zeugma was founded by one of Alexander the Great’s generals, Seleucia Nicator, and prospered under later Roman rule.
	www.bbc.co.uk /science/horizon/2000/zeugma.shtml (666 words)

	ZEUGMA Tarihçesi
		Zeugma was really a magnificent city, 4 th legion headQuarters being stationed there, high ranked officers live of in the city, and it was also wery popular by rich merchants for it’s strategic advantages.
		She jumped into the sea and suiaded with her sisters; the waves threw her corpse to the shore and a monument was built on Napoli shore in her name.
		The main port was found in Zeugma in 1993 and was brought to the Museum of Gaziantep.
	www.zeugmaweb.com /zeugma/english/engoyku.htm (1208 words)

	[No title]
		ZEUGMA lies on the EUPHRATES river, which served as a link between ANATOLIA and MESOPOTAMIA from the earliest times.It is near the village of BELKIS 10 km.
		In particular, this route was used to bring timber from the AMANUS and TAURUS mountains to the first literate, urban civilizations of Southern Mesopotamia and probably by Assyrian traders in metals passing to and from their outpost at Kultepe in Central Anatolia.
		Zeugma became important both as a military base, home for one of only three legions on the Eastern frontier, but also as a trading city on the "Silk Route" from China to the West.
	www.angelfire.com /ar/atay/ZEUGMA/ZeugMain.html (513 words)

	Zeugma -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Zeugma (from the (A native or inhabitant of Greece) Greek word for "yoke") is a (Language used in a figurative or nonliteral sense) figure of speech in which one word applies to two others in different senses of that word, and in some cases only logically applies to one of the other two words.
		"Are you getting fit or having one?" (from the (A program broadcast by television) television program (additional info and facts about MASH) MASH) In this zeugma, Hawkeye uses the word "fit" not only in two different meanings, but also as two different parts of speech: "physically toned" (adjective) and "neurological crisis" (noun).
		In (Use of a word to govern two or more words though agreeing in number or case etc. with only one) syllepsis, a similar concept to zeugma, a word modifies others in appropriate, though often incongruous ways.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/z/ze/zeugma.htm (236 words)

	About Zeugma - the meaning of the word, the place and the website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Roman Empire and with this shift the name of the city was changed into Zeugma to mean “bridge-passage.” During the Roman rule, the city became one of the attractions in the region, due to its commercial potential originating from its geostrategic location.
		On the obverse, a temple in Zeugma, and the capricorn, a reference to Legio IV Scythica.
		Mars, which aroused increased media interest in Zeugma, was found amongst storage jars in the larder of one of the villas.
	www.zeugma.co.uk /zeugma.htm (1630 words)

	zeugma
		Zeugma is sometimes used simply as a synonym for syllepsis, though that term is better understood as a more specific kind of zeugma: when there is disparity in the way that the parallel members relate to the governing word (as a vice or for comic effect).
		Zeugma comprises several more specialized terms, all of which employ ellipsis and parallelism (among the governed members of the sentence).
		The zeugma figures are of two types: those in which the governing word is the main verb (in which case these are subsequently categorized according to the position of that governing verb), and those in which the governing word is another part of speech (usually the subject noun).
	humanities.byu.edu /rhetoric/Figures/Z/zeugma.htm (234 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Horizon - The Secret Treasures of Zeugma
		Zeugma was founded by the Greeks in 300BC and quickly grew to become a major city.
		Zeugma is actually two cities on opposite banks of the Euphrates.
		There must be scores of other villas as beautiful as this buried in the lower terraces of Zeugma that will never now be found, but at this one site it's now possible to recreate what this villa might once have looked like.
	www.bbc.co.uk /science/horizon/2000/zeugma_transcript.shtml (4090 words)

	BELKIS - ZEUGMA
		Zeugma was in fact a bridge, a bridge to culture and arts with its spectacular mosaics made with colorful stones of the Euphrates, frescoes, statues and architecture.
		As a result of this work in Zeugma, there is now a large pile of archeological records including hundreds of drawings, thousands of written documents, over 500 photographs and 2,376 digital visions.
		In order continue with post-excavation works in a systematic and scientific manner and to launch new projects for the future of Zeugma, the GAP Administration is maintaining its coordination function with regard to the PHI, relevant organizations and agencies, teams engaged in excavations and local governments.
	www.gap.gov.tr /English/zeugma.html (2544 words)

	2000 Excavations at Zeugma, Turkey
		As a Roman outpost, Zeugma hosted one of the Syrian legions, Legio IIII Scythica, and the influx of soldiers as well as civilians swelled the population of the two cities, causing a building boom of houses and shops.
		Subject to further invasions from the east throughout the fifth and sixth centuries, Zeugma fell to Islam in the seventh century, although it maintained a bishopric as late as 1048.
		The excavations yielded evidence for public life in the city, including several baths, a temple and a possible hall of records, but more spectacular were the results from the domestic quarters which uncovered a number of houses, many sumptuously decorated with fine mosaics and elaborate wall paintings.
	department.monm.edu /classics/icc/ICC2003/Tobin2003.htm (345 words)

	Scientific American: The Sinking Treasures of Zeugma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As a strategic fortress city, Zeugma was home to one of only eight Roman legions stationed in the Empire's Asian provinces.
		Given Zeugma's geographical and cultural significance, its imminent flooding has drawn much 11th-hour attention from the media.
		David Kennedy of the University of Western Australia notes that historians have suspected Zeugma's importance for centuries, and any doubt vanished after Guillermo D. Algaze of the University of California at San Diego surveyed the area in the late 1980s.
	www.sciam.com /print_version.cfm?articleID=000A754C-CC2C-1C75-9B81809EC588EF21 (564 words)

	Project Zeugma, History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Director of the French Archaeological Mission to Zeugma (a body depending from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Paris) was Catherine Abadie-Reynal.
		From June 2000 Oxford Archaeological Unit became responsible for excavating the upper terrace of that part of Zeugma which was to be inundated.
		Much useful information about Zeugma may be obtained from another website established by David Kennedy of the University of Western Australia, an archaeologist who has also excavated there.
	www.ist.lu /html/projets/de/Zeugma/intro.html (292 words)

	The Epoch Times \| Book Review: Hidden Treasure: McGrath’s poem, ‘Zeugma’
		At the simplest level, the word zeugma connects artist to artifact, the plow to the ox, the conqueror to the conquered.
		McGrath uses zeugma to show that civilization may be viewed as going from: a to z, or from z to a.
		David Bly (high school teacher): “‘Zeugma’ revives the notion that the language of poetry is yoked to history, as well as to lost meanings.
	www.theepochtimes.com /news/5-6-18/29486.html (681 words)

	artnet.com Magazine Features - Zeugma Plundered Mosaics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On July 2, 1992, the Gaziantep Museum was alerted to an illegal dig at Zeugma.
		This was among a local photographer's color negatives and in the photograph, standing next to the mosaic, was a tin of Turkish oil paint.
		Zeugma's Mona Lisa or Alexander, whose looks of astonishment are dashed with anger, must be expressing her fury at the thieves!
	www.artnet.com /magazine/features/acar/acar8-29-00.asp (763 words)

	Possible Protest Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The decision whether Zeugma mosaics should be exhibited at the Topkapi Palace will, of course, be made according to Turkish law and democratic traditions.
		Failing a Zeugma museum, a compromise plan would be to exhibit the mosaics in a museum reasonably close to Zeugma, such as Gaziantep.
		The preparation and packing of the Zeugma mosaics would be done entirely by the professional mosaic conservation experts who have worked for over three years conserving the entire collection of Zeugma mosaics.
	www.packhum.org /letter.html (2457 words)

	The Things They Carried as Extended Zeugma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		An early example of zeugma comes from Quintilian, the ancient Roman rhetorician, who cites the following from Cicero: "Lust conquered shame, boldness fear, madness reason," where the verb "conquered" is understood to also govern the final two phrases in the sentence (Crowley 203).
		Confusion about zeugma and its relation to syllepsis is treated humorously by Willard Espy (134-36), who provides some good examples, and more authoritatively by the Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, which includes examples of the device by Shakespeare and Milton (905-6).
		Broadened beyond the stories, zeugma describes the human brain, not solely Tim O’Brien’s, in which are yoked—perhaps until death—precious cargo and hazardous, the cheap and mundane and the costly.
	www.tristate.edu /Community_Read/things_they_carried_tierney.htm (1202 words)

	Zeugma
		At Zeugma we know that the Internet has a wonderful array of fantastic knowledge and information websites along with a great range of fun ones too, it is just sometimes hard to find them.
		Zeugma's objective is to bring together a range of interesting information, web links and guides for people to enjoy.
		Throughout Zeugma we use photographs and where we have taken them (Richard Fisher) then you are welcome to use them on your computer desktop as background images or on your website if you give an acknowledgement reference to this site (zeugma.co.uk).
	www.zeugma.co.uk (1038 words)

	ZEUGMA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Zeugma is a word of Greek origin evoking the concept of convergence and interconnection.
		Our own personal interpretation means that Zeugma signifies synthesis.
		Human beings, wherever they come from, are constantly seeking to express life, death, joy and human suffering.
	www.zeugma.qc.ca /english/zeugma.html (105 words)

	SkyscraperCity Forums - ZEUGMA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Yet not all wealth can be measured in currency, and the villagsed real asset is the magnificent ruins of the ancient city of Zeugma, which has stayed buried beneath the pistachio groves for nearly two thousand years.Belkis/Zeugma is considered among the four most important settlement areas under the reign of the Kingdom of Commanage.
		Because, the Zeugma city was on the silkroad connecting Antiach to China with a quay on the river Euphrates.
		At that time, there was a wooden bridge connecting Zeugma to the city of Apemia on the other side of Euphrates, and current excavations revealed that there was a big customs and a considerable amount of border trade in the city.
	www.skyscrapercity.com /printthread.php?t=174879 (3123 words)

	Zeugma - Content (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Zeugma offers poets a place to have their work seriously read and critiqued by others similarly focused.
		Zeugma is a place where people will tell you to cut all your adverbs, delete stanza three, and consider recasting into quatrains.
		Zeugma Members Zeugma was started in the dark ages of the internet (the mid-nineties) as a closed mailing list.
	www.zpoems.net /z/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=1 (425 words)

	Zeugma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Zeugma is a computing services consultancy run by James Campbell.
		When I started my business in 1991, I chose the name Zeugma because I'd seen the word during one of my dictionary safaris and liked the look of it.
		Find out about the project to document and rescue as much as possible of Zeugma before it's too late at the Zeugma 2000 Project site.
	www.zolid.com /zeugma (194 words)

	Livius Picture Archive: Zeugma (Belkis) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Zeugma (litt.: "bridge") was one of the places where the river Euphrates could be crossed.
		The river crossing was of great strategic importance, and we know, for example, that the Romans stationed the Fourth legion Scythica at Zeugma.
		The famous mosaics of Zeugma were saved but most of the ruins are now submerged.
	www.livius.org /a/turkey/zeugma/zeugma.html (192 words)

	Tenser, said the Tensor: Zeugma
		It turns out that zeugma is a term for a kind of parallel construction where the parts aren't exactly parallel.
		Back in January, he defined zeugma for his readers at the bottom of this post: nebula zeugma firebird.
		What's unusual about it as zeugma is that it's not a syllepsis: the examples usually given for zeugma, such as 'she left in a flood of tears and a sedan chair', are actually syllepsis.
	tenser.typepad.com /tenser_said_the_tensor/2004/06/zeugma.html (590 words)

	zeugma
		The one I settled on was zeugma primarily because it was pretty obscure, i.e., you need a pretty good dictionary to even have it listed, and because I thought the definition was cool.
		A 'zeugma' is a type of gerund from what I understand.
		The ancient city of Zeugma, originally, was founded by Selevkos Nikador, one of the generals of the Alexander the Great, in 300 B.C. At that time the city was named after the general and called “ Selevkaya Euphrates.” And the population in the city was approximately 80 000.
	www.freerepublic.com /~zeugma (1305 words)

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