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Topic: Zhang Chunqiao

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	Daring to Scale the Heights for the Emancipation of Humanity - revcom.us
		Zhang Chunqiao occupied high positions of authority in the party and state structures—he was a member of the Political Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party, a vice premier, and head of the political department of the People's Liberation Army.
		Zhang Chunqiao was drafted by Mao to join the Cultural Revolution Group in Beijing to give guidance and direction to the unprecedented "revolution within the revolution." Zhang was in the thick of some of its most complicated and breakthrough episodes—including the dramatic events that came to be known as the Shanghai January Storm.
		Zhang Chunqiao was a pivotal figure in the struggle between revolution and counterrevolution between 1973 and 1976.
	rwor.org /a/003/tribute-zhang-chunqiao.htm (1767 words)

	Zhang Chunqiao \| Obituaries \| Guardian Unlimited
		Zhang Chunqiao, who has died aged 88, was an unknown cultural apparatchik in the Chinese Communist party who rose to play a leading role in Mao Zedong's last political battle.
		Zhang was born into a fairly wealthy landlord family in the eastern province of Shandong - intriguingly in Juye, which was also the home county of Jiang Qing.
		Zhang then employed his protege Yao Wenyuan, an ambitious literary polemicist (and future fellow member of the gang of four), to work secretly at Jiang's behest on a critique of a play written by the deputy mayor of Beijing, Wu Han.
	www.guardian.co.uk /obituaries/story/0,,1482850,00.html (1191 words)

	Zhang Chunqiao; member of China's Gang of Four \| The San Diego Union-Tribune
		Zhang Chunqiao, a radical Maoist who held several positions at the apex of China's government when he was convicted in 1981 as a member of the infamous Gang of Four, died April 21, the Chinese government reported Tuesday.
		Zhang; Jiang Qing, Mao's widow; Yao Wenyuan; and Wang Hongwen were arrested in a moment of rare drama by an elite unit of the People's Liberation Army.
		Zhang, who was described as a smooth and pleasant man with sharp features, met with Nixon in Shanghai as chairman of the city's revolutionary committee and in Beijing as a member of the Politburo.
	www.signonsandiego.com /uniontrib/20050515/news_lz1j15chunq.html (788 words)

	Telegraph \| News \| Zhang Chunqiao
		Zhang Chunqiao, whose death was announced yesterday aged 88, was one of the "Gang of Four" arrested after the death of Chairman Mao in 1976 for fomenting the excesses of the Cultural Revolution.
		Zhang Chunqiao was born in 1917 and worked as a party propagandist in Shanghai, a focus for trouble between reform and revolution.
		Zhang gained control of the newspapers, ordered the demonstrators to return to their tasks and held a series of mass meetings to humiliate the Shanghai party leadership, whom he accused of "economism" for giving in to workers' demands for better pay.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/05/11/db1101.xml (835 words)

	Zhang Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Zhang (Traditional Chinese: 張, Simplified Chinese: 张, pinyin: Zhāng, Wade-Giles: Chang, Yale: Jeung, Penkyamp: Zoeng or Cheung) is among the most common Chinese surnames.
		Zhang1's literal translation is "to open forth", or "to spread", although its common use is a measure word for (relatively) flat objects such as paper and mattresses.
		Zhang Guo Lao, one of the Eight Immortals
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/z/zh/zhang.html (202 words)

	Shanghai January Storm: Zhang Chunqiao and the Anting Incident - revcom.us
		Zhang Chunqiao was born in Anhui Province, in East China, and began his revolutionary activities in the 1930s.
		Zhang Chunqiao, as director of the Propaganda Department, made it possible for this to be published in two newspapers in Shanghai.
		Zhang Chunqiao from the CCRG went to Anting, and during a nine-hour meeting, he listened to the rebels' demands and discussed with them the complex question of how to handle the contradiction between "grasping revolution" and "promoting production" in the course of waging the class struggle.
	rwor.org /a/003/zhang-chunqiao-anting-incident.htm (1310 words)

	Zhang Chunqiao - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a Chinese name; the family name is Zhang.
		Zhang Chunqiao (Simplified Chinese: 张春桥; Traditional Chinese: 張春橋; pinyin: Zhāng Chūnqiáo; Wade-Giles: Chang Ch'un-chiao) (1917–April 21, 2005) was a member of the Gang of Four.
		His most widely respected article is "On Exercising All-Round Dictatorship over the Bourgeoisie," in which he explained the bases and extent of the problem of the bourgeoisie in China and what would have to be done to prevent capitalist restoration.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zhang_Chunqiao (309 words)

	Zhang Chunqiao: Communist leader of China’s Cultural Revolution [S&L Magazine]
		Veteran Chinese communist Zhang Chunqiao died of throat cancer on April 21, 2005, at the age of 88.
		Zhang Chunqiao was assigned to greet Nixon at the airport.
		Zhang was sentenced to death, but his sentence was commuted to life in prison in 1983.
	socialismandliberation.org /mag/index.php?aid=396 (1290 words)

	PVI-Lakeside School Collaborative Program: China's "Gang of Four"
		Zhang Chunqiao, a radical Maoist who held several positions at the apex of China's government when he was convicted in 1981 as a member of the infamous Gang of Four, died April 21, the Chinese government reported yesterday.
		Zhang, who four years earlier was one of the most powerful leaders in China, not only refused to answer questions but also pretended to go to sleep.
		Zhang was a deputy prime minister, the third in power - behind Deng Xiaoping, also a deputy prime minister, and Zhou Enlai, the prime minister.
	www.pacificvillage.org /villagevoices/lakeside05/archives/000738.html (857 words)

	RFA: Zhang Chunqiao: Symbol of Unchecked Political Power
		Zhang's death at the age of 88 from cancer was reported several weeks late by China's official Xinhua news agency, which described him as "one of the culprits of the Lin Biao and Jiang Qing Counterrevolutionary Clique."
		Zhang, who was instrumental in giving Mao the opportunity to regain a political foothold in Shanghai following his loss of influence after the disastrous Great Leap Forward (1958-59), was handed a death sentence by a special tribunal of the Supreme People's Court in January 1981.
		At the time that Zhang was Shanghai Party secretary and head of the Propaganda Department, he allowed the city to be used by Mao as a base from which to launch the Cultural Revolution.
	www.rfa.org /english/news/in_depth/2005/05/11/china_zhangchunqiao (668 words)

	Gang of Four Summary
		In August 1973, Zhang Chunqiao was added to the Politburo Standing Committee, the most powerful governing body in China, while Wang Hongwen became not only a member of the standing committee but a CCP deputy chairman as well.
		Zhang Chunqiao was noted as a radical ideologue, and it was he who led the abortive Shanghai People's Commune of January 1967.
		It sentenced Jiang Qing and Zhang Chunqiao to death with two-year reprieves.
	www.bookrags.com /Gang_of_Four (1329 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Asia-Pacific \| China's Gang of Four member dies
		Zhang Chunqiao died of cancer last month at the age of 88.
		Zhang and three others, including Jiang Qing, the third wife of Communist Party founder Mao Zedong, were imprisoned for their roles in the turmoil.
		Zhang Chunqiao's death leaves a sole survivor - Yao Wenyuan, who was released nearly a decade ago into quiet oblivion.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/asia-pacific/4533401.stm (299 words)

	Zhang Chunqiao (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Zhang Chunqiao (張春橋, Pinyin zhang1 chun1 qiao2) (born 1917) was a member of the Gang of Four.
		He worked as a writer in Shanghai in the 1930s.
		He was released for medical reasons in August 2002 and was arranged to live in obscurity back in Shanghai.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/zh/Zhang_Chunqiao.html (162 words)

	Digital Chosunilbo (English Edition) : Daily News in English About Korea
		Chinese authorities say Zhang Chunqiao died of cancer on April 21 at the age of 88.
		Zhang was one of the leading figures behind the Cultural Revolution, a movement from 1966 to 1976 in which ultra-leftists sought to destroy any trace of traditional Chinese culture and values, along with any opposition to the leadership of the Communist Party.
		Zhang's final years were spent in obscurity, and there had been reports he died perhaps as far back as 1991.
	english.chosun.com /w21data/html/news/200505/200505100033.html (328 words)

	Member of China's Gang of Four Dies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Zhang Chunqiao, a member of the infamous Gang of Four blamed for the worst violence of China's 1966-76 Cultural Revolution, is seen in this May, 1975 photo.
		Zhang was imprisoned along with Jiang Qing, the widow of communist founder Mao Zedong, and two others following show trials in 1981 on charges that they persecuted thousands of people following Mao's call to wage permanent revolution.
		BEIJING - Zhang Chunqiao, one of the Gang of Four that terrorized China during the 1966-76 Cultural Revolution by persecuting thousands of people, wrecking the economy and pushing the country to the brink of famine, has died at age 88.
	www.comcast.net /data/news/2005/05/10/129002.xml (523 words)

	Our Daily Dead » Blog Archive » Zhang Chunqiao, 88; One of China’s Gang of Four Blamed for Cultural ...
		Zhang Chunqiao, 88; One of China’s Gang of Four Blamed for Cultural Revolution’s Evil
		BEIJING — Zhang Chunqiao, a member of the Gang of Four blamed for many of the excesses of China’s 1966-76 Cultural Revolution — a period that saw the economy derailed, thousands of moderate party officials and intellectuals purged and the nation traumatized — has died.
		Zhang was the most intellectually rigorous member of the Gang of Four, the group that directed much of the Cultural Revolution.
	www.ourdailydead.com /zhang-chunqiao.htm (274 words)

	Gang of Four (China) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The group was founded by Mao Zedong's fourth wife Jiang Qing, the other members were Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan and Wang Hongwen.
		The group was formed after the 9th Party Congress in 1969 and named the Gang of Four by Mao, who is regarded as the fifth member of the group (Kang Sheng[?] and Xie Fuzhi[?] are also seen as similarly radical but not part of the Gang).
		Jiang Qing and Zhang Chunqiao received death sentences (later commuted to life imprisonment), while Yao Wenyuan and Wang Hongwen were given twenty years.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ga/Gang_of_Four_(China).html (316 words)

	Stefan Landsberger's Chinese Propaganda Poster Pages--Zhang Chunqiao
		Zhang Chunqiao (1917-2005) was born in Juye County, Shandong Province.
		In October 1976, Zhang was arrested by Hua Guofeng and Ye Jianying as a member of the Gang of Four and expelled from the Party.
		Zhang was rumored to have died of cancer in 1991, but his death was anounced officially on 21 April 2005.
	www.iisg.nl /~landsberger/zcq.html (685 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Member of "Gang of Four" Zhang Chunqiao dies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Zhang Chunqiao, member of the "Gang of Four", died of cancer on April 21 at the age of 88.
		Zhang, one of the culprits of the "Lin Biao and Jiang Qing counter-revolutionary clique," was given death sentence with a two- year reprieval by a special tribunal of the Supreme People's Court in January 1981.
		His sentence was commuted to life imprisonment with political rights deprived for life in January, 1983, and was commuted again to 18 years in prison with political rights deprived for 10 years.
	english.peopledaily.com.cn /200505/10/eng20050510_184390.html (123 words)

	KATV Channel 7 - Member of China's Gang of Four Dies
		Zhang Chunqiao, a member of the infamous Gang of Four blamed for the worst violence of China's 1966-76 Cultural Revolution, died last month of cancer, the government said Tuesday.
		Zhang and Jiang were both sentenced to death in 1981, but Zhang's penalty was later commuted to life in prison.
		Zhang and Wang set up a Shanghai Revolutionary Committee that tried to turn the city, China's most prosperous and Westernized, into a bastion of Maoist radicalism.
	www.katv.com /news/stories/0505/227081.html (479 words)

	Member of China's Gang of Four dies
		Zhang and the other three Gang of Four members, including Mao's widow Jiang Qing, were arrested and the Cultural Revolution was declared over.
		Zhang was sentenced to death, a sentence later changed to life in prison.
		Zhang had been a writer, an editor of a newspaper, a propagandist, a military leader in the Second World War and a Communist Party politician from a young age.
	www.cbc.ca /world/story/2005/05/10/china-zhanf050510.html (1222 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Member of China's Gang of Four Yao Wenyuan dies
		Yao was the last member of the Gang of Four which refers to Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, Jiang Qing, Yao Wenyuan, and one of the chief culprits of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing Anti-Revolution Clique.
		Zhang Chunqiao died of cancer on April 21, 2005, at age of 88.
		He was given death sentence with a two-year reprieval by a special tribunal of the Supreme People's Court in January 1981, and his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment with political rights deprived for life in January 1983, and was commuted again to 18 years in prison with political rights deprived for 10 years.
	english.peopledaily.com.cn /200601/06/eng20060106_233391.html (254 words)

	Liege Calling - Obituary: Zhang Chunqiao
		Zhang Chunqiao, a member of the Gang of Four, died on April 21st,
		Mr Zhang, though prickly, had been a witty and articulate public speaker, with a disarming habit—in the middle of rants against “capitalist-roaders” and “bourgeois remnants”—of fishing cigarettes out of his pocket and lighting up.
		Mr Zhang's guilty silence in court was not only his, but theirs.
	eduardo1dacosta.multiply.com /journal/item/911 (905 words)

	The Epoch Times \| Notorious Cultural Revolution Leader Dies
		The recent death of Zhang Chunqiao, one of the notorious Gang of Four and key player in China’s bloody and chaotic Cultural Revolution (1966-76), has highlighted a past which the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has difficulty coming to terms with.
		During his height of power, Zhang was instrumental to Mao Zedong in pushing forward the ultra-leftist political theories of the cultural revolution which has been recognized to have killed millions of Chinese.
		A month after Mao’s death, Zhuang and the other members of the Gang of Four were arrested and he was sentenced to death which was then commuted to life, then shortened to an 18-year sentence.
	www.theepochtimes.com /news/5-5-17/28836.html (408 words)

	Member of China's 'Gang of Four' dies
		BEIJING -- State-run media said Thursday Zhang Chunqiao, a member of the Gang of Four which terrorized China during the Cultural Revolution, died.
		Xinhua said Zhang's death sentence was commuted twice to 18 years in prison with political rights deprived for 10 years.
		Zhang had been on medical parole since January 1998.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1400202/posts (344 words)

	Radio Australia - News - China announces death of Gang of Four member, Zhang Chunqiao (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		China has announced the death of Zhang Chunqiao, a member of the infamous Gang of Four blamed for the worst violence of the country's 1966-76 Cultural Revolution.
		China's official news agency Xinhua did not report where he was living at the time of his death or give details of survivors.
		Zhang was arrested along with Jiang Qing, the widow of communist leader Mao Zedong, and two others a month after Mao's death in 1976, marking the end of Cultural Revolution.
	www.abc.net.au /ra/news/stories/s1364714.htm (190 words)

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