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	Zhang Zhung culture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Zhang Zhung culture was centered around sacred Mount Kailash and extended west to Sarmatians and present-day Ladakh, southwest to Jalandhara, south to the kingdom of Mustang in Nepal, east to include central Tibet, and north across the vast Chang Tang plateau and the Taklamakan desert to Shanshan.
		The Zhang Zhung capital city was said to be Khyunglung (Khyunglung Ngülkhar), the "Silver Palace of Garuda Valley", southwest of Mount Kailash, which is identified with ruins found in the upper Sutlej Valley, in the modern Kinnaur District of Himachal Pradesh, India.
		The fact that the some of the ancient texts describing the Zhang Zhung kingdom also claimed the Sutlej valley was Shambhala, the land of happiness (from which James Hilton possibly derived the name "Shangri La"), may have delayed their study by Western scholars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zhang-zhung (1026 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Clues to Legendary Tibetan Culture Emerge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		For much of modern history, the existence of Zhang Zhung was regarded mostly as a fictional prop in the legend of the empire's rise to prominence.
		Zhang Zhung probably existed from about 600 B.C. until its last remnants faded away around 1000 A.D. If Zhang Zhung did, in fact, hold sway over a broad swath of territory, it would be the highest-altitude human civilization yet documented.
		Bellezza said elements of Zhang Zhung endured until about 1000 A.D. and are readily identifiable by a pre-empire architectural style markedly different from the Buddhist motifs that began to dominate Tibet in the 8th century.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A11317-2003Feb15?language=printer (1066 words)

	Journal- The Study of Zhang Zhung
		Zhang Jianlin of the Shaanxi Archaeology Institute excavated at Karpu ruin one kilometer east from the rTsa hrang ruin ñ the location of the Guge kingdom castle and temples.
		The south margin of Zhang Zhung as Chu-mig brgyad cu rtsa gnyis is identified as Mukthinath in Mustang.
		Traditions mention that Zhang Zhung was conquered by king Srong btsan sgam po in the middle of seventh century A.D. At that time, the capital of Zhang Zhung was located at Khyung lung dngul mkhar, which was identified as Khyung lung village near the Sutlej River.
	www.questhimalaya.com /journal/zhang-zhung-01.htm (1896 words)

	Zhang Zhung culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		'''Zhang Zhung culture''' is an ancient culture of western and northwestern Tibet which pre-dated Tibetan Buddhism and is best known as the source of the Bön religion.
		According to various ancient texts, at one point the Zhang Zhung civilization was comprised of 18 kingdoms in the west and northwest portion of Tibet (the exact extent of the civilization and the number of kingdoms varied over time).
		The Zhang Zhung language is still spoken by approximately 2,000 native speakers in the Sutlej Valley of Himachal Pradeshhttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=JNA.
	zhang-zhung-culture.iqnaut.net (722 words)

	Zhang Zhung Empire of Tibet, archaeological discoveries by John Vincent Bellezza
		The Zhang Zhung Preservation Project is dedicated to the study and conservation of the remnants of the ancient Zhang Zhung Empire and civilization of Tibet.
		The Zhang Zhung Preservation Project, under theTibetological direction of John Vincent Bellezza, is researching the rich archaeological heritage of Zhang Zhung, as well as the archaic cultural traditions of the region.
		Zhang Zhung is the source of Tibetan culture and history.
	www.zhangzhung.org (292 words)

	Zhang Zhung
		Zhang Zhung roughly covered the area now known as West Tibet - specifically Guge and the region around Mt. Kailas (Tib., ti se) and Lake Manasarovar (Tib., ma-pham-tsho) - and Ladakh (now a part of Indian controlled Kashmir).
		Although there is no exact history (yet) of Zhang Zhung and its cultural development, it seems that Buddhist and Tantric teachings have reached this area and merged with the indigenous tradition - a development that occurred way before the so-called "first diffusion" (of Buddhism into Tibet).
		This is also indicated out by the title of a genealogy of the Dzogchen teachings within the Bon tradition: Dzogchen Zhang Zhung Nyangyud (Tib., rdzogs-pa chen-po zhang-zhung snyan-brgyud) translates as "The Oral Transmission of the Great Perfection of Zhang Zhung"; also known in a short form as Zhang Zhung Nyangyud.
	www.yoniversum.nl /dakini/zhangzhung.html (207 words)

	John Vincent Bellezza: New Archaeological Discoveries in Tibet
		Zhang zhung, according to classical Tibetan texts, was a powerful nation which dominated the Tibetan plateau before being conquered by the central Tibetan Pugyal (sPu rgyal) dynasty in the 7
		This is remarkable in that until the Communist period the overwhelming majority of shepherds lived in tents and not permanent structures.
		A few important references to the culture and political history of Zhang zhung in Tibetan works are "Old Tibet Chronicle", "’Bel gtam lung snying", "Zhang zhung ju thig", "bsTan byung ke ta ka’i ’phreng ba" "Byams ma", and "Rig ’dzin rig pa’i thugs rgyud".
	www.asianart.com /articles/bellezza/index.html (2039 words)

	Changthang Circuit Expedition - John Bellezza
		Of particular interest is the pre-Buddhist Zhang Zhung civilization which was based in northern and western Tibet as late as the 8th century.
		The literature of the Bon religion is replete with references and allusions to Zhang Zhung which, according to these sources, was large and powerful.
		The Zhang Zhung religious centers (sad mkhar) are built in a very different fashion from their Buddhist successors.
	www.tcoletribalrugs.com /article38ChangThang.html (3596 words)

	Zhang Zhung Retreat- Founders
		The Zhang Zhung Foundation has partnered with the IFA in order to raise funds for the retreat area.
		Also, Please note : The Zhang Zhung Retreat Fund is a discrete endowment account and remains separate from the general operating funds of ZZF.
		As the Zhang Zhung Retreat moves towards operational status teachers from the various traditions are invited to join in utilizing the retreat as a teaching venue to offer their Dharma teachings.
	www.zhangzhung.com /btr.html (712 words)

	Bon: History and Teachings
		Before Tibet existed as a nation, the kingdom of Zhang Zhung reached from Kashmir to the center of modern Tibet, and from Nepal into central Asia’s deserts.
		The kings of Zhang Zhung were all Bonpos, as were the people of that time.
		The Tibetans assassinated the last king of Zhang Zhung, King Ligmincha, in the seventh century, and Zhang Zhung was militarily annexed.
	www.chammaling.org /history.html (700 words)

	Sherab Chamma Ling - Tibetan Bön Buddhist Centre
		Tonpa Shenrab was born in the ancient Zhang Zhung kingdom to the west of Tibet, called Olmo-lungring, in 16017 BCE.
		In the Zhang Zhung language, the sceptre is known as a "chagshing" and represents the three methods of teachings.
		It was only after the teachings and the symbol travelled from Zhang Zhung and Tibet into West India and East China, that it was adopted by various religions and organizations and altered to change the arms to turn right or clockwise.
	www.sherabchammaling.com /yungdrung-bon.html (1884 words)

	E-sangha, Buddhist Forum and Buddhism Forum > Zhang Zhung language in Bonpo
		But if you Google Zhang zhung Language, there are several links which give you basic information.
		Zhang Zhung language as it exists now has roughly two forms; some archaic fragments and a semantically incomplete version which inhabits the famed mdzod phugs, the Bonpo Abhidharma.
		Because the Zhang Zhung language in the mdzod phug is evidentally a sort of reconstruction and lacks verbs and other semnatic markers which semantically complete language requires.
	www.lioncity.net /buddhism/lofiversion/index.php/t15779.html (655 words)

	Expedition to the Western Tibet: Kailash-Zhang Zhung area / Adventure / Mountain.RU
		Expedition to the Western Tibet: Kailash-Zhang Zhung area / Adventure / Mountain.RU Mountain photos - amateur and professional photos of mountains.
		The most ancient settlement - the cave city of Zhang Zhung - extended some kilometers on the Sutlej northern bank and contained up to 3000 inhabitants.
		The capital of Zhang Zhung was called Khyunglung Ngulkhar, the 'Silver Palace of Garuda Valley', it ruins in the upper Sutlej valley south-west of Mount Kailash.
	www.mountain.ru /eng/adventure/2004/tibet_photo (145 words)

	Clues to Legendary Tibetan Culture Emerge (WP) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Zhung was real, perhaps even an empire in its own right.
		Zhang Zhung probably disappeared primarily because the climate could no
		Still, it is difficult to decipher the exact fate of Zhang Zhung, since
	www.tibet.ca /wtnarchive/2003/2/19_2.html (929 words)

	Regions Central Asia - IIAS Newsletter Online
		This projected Zhang Zhung language seems to have echoes in several surviving dialects in the area.
		The last day of the symposium was dedicated exclusively to this fascinating field of Zhang Zhung linguistic studies, which seems to be all the more intriguing and appealing to scholars because of the paucity of unequivocal evidence for the 'language'.
		Without exaggeration, I may say that the Osaka symposium constitutes a milestone in Bon Studies, promising a brighter future for the field, for which we all owe Nagano and the other people involved, not in the least the staff at the National Museum for Ethnology at Osaka, a debt of gratitude.
	www.iias.nl /iiasn/20/regions/20CA1.html (700 words)

	Zhang Zhung Foundation
		Tibetans closely associate Zhang Zhung with their cultural roots and this finds some expression in the Tibetan's timeless myths of Shambhala and especially in their folk religion called Bon.
		The Zhang Zhung Foundation, Inc., is a non-aligned, non-sectarian cultural organization without political or religious aims, which is dedicated to the study and preservation of the full range of Tibetan culture and the propagation of the Buddhism in all forms throughout the Americas.
		The Zhang Zhung Foundation operates in order to educate the public about the history, culture and contemporary status of Tibet; to study, preserve and transmit information about Tibetan culture, and to facilitate and support interfaith cooperation and dialogue among all people.
	www.zhangzhung.com /zz.html (873 words)

	Humbul full record view for -- Zhang Zhung preservation project
		The Zhang Zhung Preservation Project (ZZPP) is dedicated to the study and conservation of the remnants of ancient Zhang Zhung, a Bon Kingdom that covered most of the Tibetan plateau prior to the 8th century CE.
		Due to its nomadic structure resulting in few physical remains, this literature, together with Buddhist traditions, is considered key in the study of Zhang Zhung.
		In terms of background material, the site features an introduction to Zhang Zhung by His Holiness Tenpai Nyima Menri Trizin Ponse Lama as well as a profile of the site's creator and key researcher John Vincent Bellezza.
	www.humbul.ac.uk /output/full2.php?id=13860 (328 words)

	The Way to Zhang Zhung (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		The Way to Zhang Zhung is a pulp-fantasy RPG, with a wuxia twist.
		In it players assume the roles of noble warriors, wise mystics and countless other heroic characters of their own devising in order to protect the Way to Zhang Zhung!
		For centuries the Secret Lands have remained veiled by mystery and enchantment - only the very fortunate or wise have been able to find the way to its holy soil.
	www.ookytentacles.com /TWZZ_home.htm (269 words)

	Oral Tradition from Zhang Zhung by Reynolds, John M at Wisdom Books
		An Introduction to the Bonpo Dzogchen Teachings of the Oral Tradition from Zhang Zhung
		The texts of the Zhang Zhung snyan-rgyud are of great importance for the understanding of the historical development of Dzogchen in early Tibet.
		This volume includes translations from the Tibetan of the Dzogchen teachings originally transmitted by the master Tapihritsa to his disciple Nangzher Lodpo at the Darok lake in Zhang Zhung, north-west Tibet.
	www.wisdom-books.com /ProductDetail.asp?CatNumber=14663 (269 words)

	The Monitor Database - file 2003-208 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Supplied note: "The Zhang zhung Studies Forum is an interdisciplinary academic and scholarly forum designed to promote discussion and exchange of information, and more in particular of new research data, on the broad topic of Zhang zhung and so-called 'early Bon culture'.
		It is likewise understood that common codes of courtesy and civility in e-mail exchange will be observed.
		P.S. Kindly note the Zhang zhung Studies Panel at the upcoming tenth seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies in Oxford [6-12 Sep 2003 - ed.], organised by Mr.
	coombs.anu.edu.au /WWWVLAsian/database/2003/Monitor2003-208.html (219 words)

	Zhang Zhung Preservation Project - internet guide
		Zhang Zhung Preservation Project - china internet guide - we help you find China related sites on the web
		Pre-Buddhist archaeological discoveries of Zhang Zhung the ancient empire of Tibet.
		Research on cultural traditions and sites under direction of Tibetologist John Vincent Bellezza.
	www.chinaproductguide.com /internet/0000000469.htm (43 words)

	FreisslerSoft Books Zhang
		The Little Luminous Boy: The Secret oral Tradition from the Land of Zhang-zhung depicted on two Tibetan Paintings
		Fragmentations and Dramatic Moments: Zhang Tianyi and the Narrative Discourse of Upheaval in Modern China (Asian Thought and Culture, 54)
		Pioneer of the Chinese Revolution: Zhang Binglin and Confucianism
	www.freisslersoft.com /zh/Book_Zhang.html (147 words)

	Yungdrung Bön : The Propagation of Bön in Zhang-zhung and Tibet
		Karmay, The Treasury of Good Sayings, Oxford University Press, London 1972: xxxii n.4, for a discussion of this.)
		All dates except in the 20th century and unless otherwise stated are taken from Sangs-rgyas-kyi btsan-rtsis ngo mtshar nor-bu'i phreng-ba zhes bya-ba-bzhugs-so by Nyima Tenzin in Tibetan-Zhang Zhung Dictionary, The Bonpo Foundation, Delhi 1965, 23-40.
		It has been translated into English by Per Kvaerne, 'Chronological table of the Bonpo', Acta Orientalia, xxxiii (Paris 1971): 33-48.
	www.yungdrung-bon.net /page/anglais/A-histoire/A-HISTOIRE2_BON.html (1128 words)

	Order of Nazorean Essenes
		The Sogdians were a major trading people along the Silk Route to the northwest of Tibet and many Buddhist texts in the Sogdian language have been recovered from Central Asia.
		On Zhang-zhung in particular, see Tsering Thar, "The Ancient Zhang Zhung Civilization," in Tibet Studies, Lhasa 1989, pp.
		(22) On the sMar-yig script of Zhang-zhung, see Tshe-ring Thar, "The Ancient Zhang Zhung Civilization," op.
	essenes.net /Bonpo1.html (10307 words)

	On Zhang Zhung by Hummel, Siegbert at Wisdom Books
		On Zhang Zhung by Hummel, Siegbert at Wisdom Books
		Bon and Dzogchen - click to see others in same category
		A study on the ancient stronghold of the Bon religion in the country of Zhang Zhung, focusing mainly on its language.
	www.wisdom-books.com /ProductDetail.asp?CatNumber=9815 (58 words)

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