Zimbabwe African People

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Topic: Zimbabwe African People

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	Zimbabwe African People's Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Zimbabwe African People's Union was a political party in Zimbabwe.
		In 1980 it contested the first free elections in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, but lost to its rival the ZANU.
		In general ZAPU was a pro- Soviet orientation, whereas ZANU had a pro- Chinese orientation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/ZAPU

	Zimbabwe African National Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1988 after 8 years of low-level civil war termed Gukurahundi, the opposition Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), led by Joshua Nkomo, merged with ZANU to form Zanu-PF with the added moniker of Patriotic Front, in what was seen as a step towards a one party state.
		The Zimbabwe African National Union was a political party during the struggle for Rhodesia 's, ultimately Zimbabwe 's, independence, formed as a split from ZAPU.
		It won the 1980 elections under the leadership of Robert Mugabe, and eight years later merged again with Joshua Nkomo 's ZAPU to form Zanu-PF, the current governing party of the country.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zimbabwe_African_National_Union

	Zimbabwe (07/05)
		Zimbabwe is not a member of the African Growth and Opportunity Act and a number of textile businesses have migrated to other African countries.
		African nations with embassies in Harare are Algeria, Angola, Botswana, DRC, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, the Sudan, Tanzania, and Zambia.
		Zimbabwe is divided into eight provinces, each administered by a provincial governor appointed by the president.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5479.htm

	Open Letters
		This is justified on the basis of Africa's underdevelopment and the glaring impoverishment of African peoples as a consequence of rapacious foreign imperialism.
		It was built on the cruel and evil enslavement of Africans, on the genocide of the native Americans and on the naked oppression and exploitation of peoples and nations world-wide.
		African countries must call a moratorium on debt and interest repayments for a minimum period of 10 years so that enough funds can be accumulated to be used to lay the infrastructure for development.
	www.geocities.com /hackney_black_people/OpenLetters.htm

	Joshua Nkomo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The NDP was banned by Ian Smiths white minority government, and it was subsequently replaced by the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU), also founded by Nkomo and Mugabe, in 1962, itself immediately banned.
		Joshua Nkomo ( 1918 – July 1, 1999) was a Zimbabwean nationalist leader, an Ndebele, and the leader and founder of the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU).
		ZAPU split along ethnic grounds a year after its formation, with Robert Mugabe breaking away with the Shona majority, forming, with Ndabaningi Sithole and Herbert Chitepo, the Zimbabwe African National Union, leaving ZAPU as a mostly Ndebele organisation.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Joshua_Nkomo

	Zimbabwe in a nutshell
		Notwithstanding this scenario, the people of Zimbabwe seem to be determined to withstand the treachery and decide their future through the presidential ballot of 2002.
		Zimbabwe is a landlocked country located in the Southern Hemisphere, with an area measuring 390,000 square kilometers.
		Zimbabwe is an agricultural based economy, with the agricultural sector contributing to more than 20% of the gross domestic product.
	www.ufa.se /publikationer/OSHD4/6zimbabwe.html

	Zimbabwe: Government must not be allowed to silence African Union - Amnesty International
		Amnesty International had welcomed the appointment of Bahame Tom Nyanduga as a concrete response by the AU to widespread calls from African and international human rights groups for the African Union to address the situation in Zimbabwe.
		"It is deplorable that the government of Zimbabwe has treated the African Union and a respected member of its Commission in this way.
		We urge African Union member states to uphold the African Union’s credibility and integrity and reaffirm their commitment to human rights and accountability by refusing to allow governments to deflect attention from human rights violations by resorting to the flimsy excuse of ‘procedural irregularities’.”
	web.amnesty.org /library/Index/ENGAFR460232005

	Communist Support to Nationalists in Rhodesia
		ZAPU operated chiefly in the western area of Rhodesia, along the Zambezi and near Victoria Falls.
		Both ZANU and ZAPU correspond to the type of organization prescribed in the ideology of the national liberation movement as elaborated from Moscow and Peking.
		During this period the external missions of ZAPU were known to be coming under increasing communist influence, especially in London, where the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) was actively engaged in organising ‘platforms’ on ZAPU’s behalf.
	home.wanadoo.nl /rhodesia/commsupp.htm

	CrisisZimbabwe
		African History indicates that the fear of the African by the African was greatly manifested in post independent Zimbabwe.
		African Colonialism, which is the modern colonization of African Ethnic Groups by one or a few Ethnic Groups on the Land of Africa.
		Zimbabwe due to the land reform, economic hardship and the state of belligerence between the Ndebele Ethnic Group and the Shona Ethnic.
	www.unitedafricaorganization.org /CrisisZimbabwe.html

	Workers World Aug. 29, 2002: The driving force behind Zimbabwe land seizures
		In his special report called, "Zimbabwe: Life after the election," in the May edition of the New African publication, he makes this point on the economy: Black Zimbabweans control just 4 percent of the economy while the white farmers control 30 percent and the British-dominated transnational corporations control 66 percent of the economy.
		Zimbabwe is in the throes of a horrible famine brought by a long period of drought.
		In the 19th century, Zimbabwe was made a colonial possession by the racist colonizer, Cecil Rhodes, on behalf of the then British Empire, which named the nation after Rhodes for this conquest.
	www.workers.org /ww/2002/zimbabwe0829.php

	Lancaster House Agreement
		The agreement was signed between the Patriotic Front (PF), consisting of ZAPU ( Zimbabwe African Peoples Union) and ZANU( Zimbabwe African National Union) and the Rhodesian government, represented at that time by Bishop Abel Muzorewa and Ian Smith.
		The Lancaster House Agreement was the independence agreement for Rhodesia, nowadays known as Zimbabwe.
		He formed his own party, Zimbabwe Unity Movement (ZUM) in 1989 ahead of general elections in 1990.
	www.mywiseowl.com /articles/Lancaster_House_Agreement

	IISH - Posters Zimbabwe
		ZANU (Zimbabwe African National Union); 1978-1981 [5 D] ZAPU (Zimbabwe African Peoples Union); ca.
	www.iisg.nl /image_sound/poster/zimbabwe.html

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Zimbabwe
		The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as it struggles with an unsustainable fiscal deficit, an overvalued exchange rate, soaring inflation, and bare shelves.
		UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally led to free elections in 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) in 1980.
		National Constitutional Assembly or NCA [Lovemore MADHUKU]; Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition [Brian KAGORO]; Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions or ZCTU [Lovemore MATOMBO]
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/zi.html

	Election in Zimbabwe-Rhodesia, 1979 - part 1
		The military wing of ZAPU is ZIPRA - The Zimbabwe Peoples’ Revolutionary Army The military wing of Mr.
		It may be worth noting that, where people were voting for "peace", this could have been just as much the result of the politicians' campaign, all of whom promised a policy for peace, as of the National Electorate Directorate's propaganda to the same effect.
		We were also told that in a number of cases people asked to be taken to the polling stations by the Security Forces so that they could give the excuse to the guerrillas afterwards that they were forced to go.
	home.wanadoo.nl /rhodesia/elect1.htm

	Zimbabwe SuttonLink Factsheet
		Political parties: Movement for Democratic Change (MDC); National Alliance for Good Governance (NAGG); United Parties; Zimbabwe African National Union-Ndonga (ZANU-Ndonga); Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF); Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU).
		African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1%
		Military branches: Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Republic Police (includes Police Support Unit, Paramilitary Police)
	www.thewhitefathers.org.uk /zb_fct.html

	Zimbabwe African National Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Both ZANU and ZAPU formed political wings within the country (under those names) and military wings: the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) and the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) respectively to fight the struggle from neighbouring countries - ZANLA from Mozambique after the Portuguese withdrew, and ZIPRA from Zambia and other countries.
		In 1988 after 8 years of low-level civil war termed Gukurahundi, the opposition Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), led by Joshua Nkomo, merged with ZANU to form Zanu-PF with the added moniker of Patriotic Front, in what was seen as a step towards a one party state.
		The Zimbabwe African National Union was a political party during the struggle for Rhodesia's, ultimately Zimbabwe's, independence, formed as a split from ZAPU.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zimbabwe_African_National_Union (358 words)

	TIME Europe TIME Trail: Zimbabwe
		The slow pace of land reform led to particular tension in Matabeleland in southwestern Zimbabwe, the home of the Ndebele people and the heartland of the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), the main opposition party and onetime allies with ZANU in the struggle against apartheid.
		The country's new government was headed by the Zimbabwe National African Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), a group of African nationalists that had fought for a different kind of independence from that declared by Ian Smith's white regime in 1965 (TIME, Nov.
		But Zimbabwe was virtually bankrupt after the long war for independence and the economy was further weakened by the mass emigration of Europeans and a severe drought in the early 1980s.
	www.time.com /time/europe/timetrails/zimbabwe (995 words)

	Chimurenga! The Lessons of the Zimbabwe Liberation War - an anarchist analysis
		ZANU, and ZAPU (Zimbabwe African People's Union), the two main nationalist parties, were banned, after which they turned to armed struggle, with incursions from 1966 on.
		The lessons of the Zimbabwe war, for South Africa as much as for Zimbabwe, are that: struggle must aim to overthrow of capitalism and State; that national liberation needs a class perspective; that struggle needs revolutionary ideology and independent nonheirachical grassroot bodies.
		Even ZANU, which in the latter stages of the war claimed to be socialist, believed that a "national democratic" stage had to take place first [1].
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/africa/safrica/unrest/zimbabwe1.html (1544 words)

	Zimbabwe -> History on Encyclopedia.com 2002
		Two nationalist organizations, the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) led by Robert Mugabe and the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) led by Joshua Nkomo, operating from bases in Mozambique and Zambia, respectively, carried out guerrilla warfare campaigns against the white government throughout the 1970s.
		However, after a British commission's hearings revealed widespread African opposition to the terms, Britain refused to recognize Rhodesian independence on the basis of the accord.
		In 1963 the federation broke up as African majority governments assumed control in Northern Rhodesia and in Nyasaland (renamed Zambia and Malawi respectively).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/Zimbabwe_History.asp (1843 words)

	Inter Press Service News Agency
		Discussions on Zimbabwe last week centred on the possibility of the two main parties - the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) and opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) - forming a government of national unity, or GNU as it is called in Zimbabwe.
		Zimbabwe's history with the government of national union is characterised by neutralising the opposition parties.
		The current political framework is not favourable for a government of national union, an agenda that seems to be pushed on Zimbabwe by external forces.
	www.ipsnews.net /print.asp?idnews=19108 (874 words)

	The World Guide 2003/2004
		Peoples: The majority of Zimbabweans, 94 per cent, are of Bantu origin from the Shona (founders of the first nation in the region) and the Ndebele group (a Zulu people that arrived in the 19th century).
		Social organizations: Organization of Rural Associations for Progress; Council of Trade Unions of Zimbabwe, National Students Union of Zimbabwe.
		Religions: African traditional beliefs 55 per cent; Christian 45 per cent, predominantly Anglican.
	gbgm-umc.org /country_profiles/countries/zwe/index.cfm (166 words)

	TIME Europe Mugabe's Win
		Although Nkomo's party, the Zimbabwe African People's Union, won all 15 of the Matabeleland constituencies, redistricting had eliminated five seats that ZAPU held in the previous Parliament.
		Zimbabwe's 100,000 whites gave former Prime Minister Ian Smith a lopsided victory over more moderate candidates in the country's whites-only election the previous week.
		The first general election since Zimbabwe won independence from Britain five years ago might prove to be its last.
	www.time.com /time/europe/timetrails/zimbabwe/zi071585.html (301 words)

	Zimbabwe - Atlapedia Online
		In 1957 the African National Congress (ANC) was reformed under Joshua Nkomo and renamed the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU).
		In 1962 the ZAPU were banned and in Aug. 1963 the ZAPU split to form another party called the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU).
		Joshua Nkomo authorized the government's transport minister to visit his South African counterpart in an attempt to resolve the delays in the importation of maize via South Africa.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/zimbabwe.htm (1562 words)

	Schiller Institute President's Day 2002 Zimbabwe Ambassador
		Zimbabwe's presence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was a SADC [Southern African Development Community] decision, aimed at saving the people of the D.R.C. from imminent danger and genocide; and this was part of the wider SADC goal, to assist the African people everywhere.
		Zimbabwe is proud of its role in the D.R.C., and we know that the Congolese people are happy and grateful for the assistance they receive from the government and people of Zimbabwe.
		Within Zimbabwe itself, Britain and its allies are trying to destabilize the elected government of President Mugabe, in any way they can think of, in order to install a puppet government that will dance to their tune.
	www.schillerinstitute.org /conf-iclc/2002/pres_day/mubako.html (2557 words)

	Zimbabwe African People's Union. Who is Zimbabwe African People's Union? What is Zimbabwe African People's Union? Where is Zimbabwe African People's Union? Definition of Zimbabwe African People's Union. Meaning of Zimbabwe African People's Union.
		Search for images of Zimbabwe African People's Union
		List of political parties in the Zimbabwe
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Zimbabwe_African_People's_Union (2557 words)

	Zimbabwe news
		The slow pace of land reform led to particular tension in Matabeleland in southwestern Zimbabwe, the home of the Ndebele people and the heartland of the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), the main opposition party and onetime allies with ZANU in the struggle against apartheid.
		The third is that the people of Zimbabwe are now beginning to make their voices heard and show their opposition to the anarchy and lawlessness that stalk our country.
		Two decades ago when Zimbabwe won its independence, the country had the potential to become an African success story: fertile soil, abundant mineral resources and a new government that spoke of modernization and reform.
	www.zimbabwesituation.com /aug16a.html (6189 words)

	Zimbabwe
		Black nationalist movements were led by Bishop Abel Muzorewa of the African National Congress and Ndabaningi Sithole, who were moderates, and guerrilla leaders Robert Mugabe of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and Joshua Nkomo of the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), who advocated revolution.
		Zimbabwe, a landlocked country in south-central Africa, is slightly smaller than California.
		In 2000, veterans of Zimbabwe's war for independence in the 1970s began squatting on land owned by white farmers in an effort to reclaim land taken under British colonization—one-third of Zimbabwe's arable land was owned by 4,000 whites.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0108169.html (6189 words)

	Zimbabwean political flags
		The flag used by the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) during the liberation struggle against the minority-regime in Rhodesia in the 1970s is not the same as that described by Ned Smith as being used by the Ndebele in Zimbabwe.
		This flag of ZAPU (Zimbabwe African Peoples Union) is shown in The Flag Institute Bulletin (No. 005 of 01.08.1978) and in an article in the Czech Vexilologie journal (No.18 of March 1976) by Pavel Fojtik and Jaroslav Martykan on the Flags of Freedom.
		Faul about this, and he affirms that the flags he saw in Zimbabwe during the 1980 election used the white star on the black bar.
	atlasgeo.span.ch /fotw/flags/zw}.html (6189 words)

	Planet Ark : Famine stalks 10 million southern Africans
		The shortages were most acute in Malawi, Zimbabwe, Lesotho and Swaziland where at least 10 million people were threatened by potential famine, the two food agencies said in a statement after joint crop assessment missions in the four countries.
		LONDON - At least 10 million people in four southern African countries could starve to death unless the international community quickly mobilises vast quantities of food aid, senior United Nations officials said yesterday.
		U.N. food agency officials declined to estimate how many people in southern Africa had already died from starvation, saying the picture was complicated by unreliable official figures and death from disease linked to hunger.
	www.planetark.com /dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/16202/story.htm (6189 words)

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