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Topic: Zimbabwe African Peoples Union

Related Topics

ZAPU

Zimbabwe African National Union

Zanu PF

Joshua Nkomo

Robert Mugabe

RENAMO

History of Zimbabwe

Rhodesia

Zimbabwe

Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Rhodesia)

Lancaster House Agreement

Land reform in Zimbabwe

ANC

Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland

Hiroshi Inagaki

	Zimbabwe (02/07)
		African nations with embassies in Harare are Algeria, Angola, Botswana, D.R.C., Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, and Zambia.
		Zimbabwe is divided into eight provinces, each administered by a provincial governor appointed by the president.
		Zimbabwe is not a member of the African Growth and Opportunity Act and a number of textile businesses have migrated to other African countries.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5479.htm (7100 words)

	Zimbabwe African People's Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Zimbabwe African People's Union was a political party in Zimbabwe.
		It was banned in 1962 by the Rhodesian colonial government, and was later engaged in a guerilla war against it.
		In general ZAPU was a pro- Soviet orientation, whereas ZANU had a pro- Chinese orientation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/ZAPU (111 words)

	Zimbabwe African National Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Zimbabwe African National Union was a political party during the struggle for Rhodesia 's, ultimately Zimbabwe 's, independence, formed as a split from ZAPU.
		It won the 1980 elections under the leadership of Robert Mugabe, and eight years later merged again with Joshua Nkomo 's ZAPU to form Zanu-PF, the current governing party of the country.
		In 1988 after 8 years of low-level civil war termed Gukurahundi, the opposition Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), led by Joshua Nkomo, merged with ZANU to form Zanu-PF with the added moniker of Patriotic Front, in what was seen as a step towards a one party state.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zimbabwe_African_National_Union (366 words)

	Joshua Nkomo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Joshua Nkomo ( 1918 – July 1, 1999) was a Zimbabwean nationalist leader, an Ndebele, and the leader and founder of the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU).
		The NDP was banned by Ian Smiths white minority government, and it was subsequently replaced by the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU), also founded by Nkomo and Mugabe, in 1962, itself immediately banned.
		ZAPU split along ethnic grounds a year after its formation, with Robert Mugabe breaking away with the Shona majority, forming, with Ndabaningi Sithole and Herbert Chitepo, the Zimbabwe African National Union, leaving ZAPU as a mostly Ndebele organisation.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Joshua_Nkomo (413 words)

	FACT SHEET: Zimbabwe at a Glance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In 1974, the major African nationalists groups--the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union, and the Zimbabwe African National Union, which split away from Zimbabwe African Peoples Union in 1963--were united into the "Patriotic Front" and combined their military forces, at least nominally.
		Zimbabwe is in the midst of political, economic, and humanitarian crises with serious implications for the security situation in the country.
		U.S. citizens residing in or traveling to Zimbabwe should be aware of continuing conditions that could affect their safety, including the outbreak of sporadic demonstrations driven by deteriorating economic conditions.
	deploymentlink.osd.mil /deploy/info/africa/zimbabwe/index.shtml (2223 words)

	Open Letters
		African countries must call a moratorium on debt and interest repayments for a minimum period of 10 years so that enough funds can be accumulated to be used to lay the infrastructure for development.
		This is justified on the basis of Africa's underdevelopment and the glaring impoverishment of African peoples as a consequence of rapacious foreign imperialism.
		It was built on the cruel and evil enslavement of Africans, on the genocide of the native Americans and on the naked oppression and exploitation of peoples and nations world-wide.
	www.geocities.com /hackney_black_people/OpenLetters.htm (11211 words)

	Zimbabwe in a nutshell
		Zimbabwe is a landlocked country located in the Southern Hemisphere, with an area measuring 390,000 square kilometers.
		Zimbabwe is an agricultural based economy, with the agricultural sector contributing to more than 20% of the gross domestic product.
		Notwithstanding this scenario, the people of Zimbabwe seem to be determined to withstand the treachery and decide their future through the presidential ballot of 2002.
	www.ufa.se /publikationer/OSHD4/6zimbabwe.html (1994 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Africa
		PEOPLE AND HISTORY Primarily of the Bantu group of south and central Africa, the fls are divided into two major language groups, which are subdivided into several ethnic groups.
		Zimbabwe Since Independence Prime Minister Mugabe's policy of reconciliation was generally successful during the country's first two years of independence, as the former political and military opponents began to work together.
		In November 1982, Zimbabwe was chosen by the OAU to hold one of the nonpermanent seats in the U.N. Security Council for the following two years, which brought it onto the center stage of world events and gave it much needed experience in international affairs.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/af/zimbabwe9511.html (4980 words)

	Zimbabwe Home
		Great Zimbabwe (meaning houses of stone) was finished in the 14th century and housed as many as 20,000 people.
		The largest group of them are the Shona people (comprising 71% of the population.) They are descendents from the San and Bantu and live mostly in the north, center and eastern portions of the country.
		The Ndebele people comprise 16% of the population and live in the western portion of the country.
	www.questconnect.org /africa_zimbabwe.htm (1889 words)

	Zimbabwe’s people reject imperialist intervention [S&L Magazine]
		OAU observer and South African Minister of Labor Membathisi Mdladlana stated, “It is the view of the mission that the 2005 parliamentary election in Zimbabwe reflects the free will of the people of Zimbabwe.” (Agence France Presse, South Africa Accepts Zimbabwe Elections Outcome, April 2, 2005) Mr.
		The liberation of Zimbabwe and the rest of Africa from the yoke of colonialism and racist white rule was a historic achievement.
		The resistance by the government and people of Zimbabwe to the dictates of the United States and Britain is part of that struggle.
	socialismandliberation.org /mag/index.php?aid=402 (1524 words)

	Communist Support to Nationalists in Rhodesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		During this period the external missions of ZAPU were known to be coming under increasing communist influence, especially in London, where the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) was actively engaged in organising ‘platforms’ on ZAPU’s behalf.
		Both ZANU and ZAPU correspond to the type of organization prescribed in the ideology of the national liberation movement as elaborated from Moscow and Peking.
		ZAPU operated chiefly in the western area of Rhodesia, along the Zambezi and near Victoria Falls.
	home.wanadoo.nl /rhodesia/commsupp.htm (3782 words)

	Zimbabwe Roy Bennett legislator commercial farmer patriot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		I am proud to say that the response was overwhelming and people committed themselves and took a stand as Zimbabweans, there is no doubt that this commitment very definitely played a very crucial role in assisting the opposition get as far as it has in Zimbabwe today.
		The same people formed the opposition, which encompassed all racial groups, and ZANU PF (PVT) LTD was seriously challenged and unless they did something drastic their hold on power and enrichment was about end.
		Have resettled people produced anything of what the properties they have taken over produced, surely agrarian land reform you do not take away productive land and make it un productive, my own property is a prime example and is a microcosm of Zimbabwe as a whole.
	africantears.netfirms.com /roybennet.htm (1028 words)

	Zimbabwe: Government must not be allowed to silence African Union - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Mr Nyanduga had been sent to Zimbabwe by the AU to undertake a fact-finding mission, but left the country having been prevented by the government from fulfilling this mission.
		We urge African Union member states to uphold the African Union’s credibility and integrity and reaffirm their commitment to human rights and accountability by refusing to allow governments to deflect attention from human rights violations by resorting to the flimsy excuse of ‘procedural irregularities’.”
		Amnesty International had welcomed the appointment of Bahame Tom Nyanduga as a concrete response by the AU to widespread calls from African and international human rights groups for the African Union to address the situation in Zimbabwe.
	web.amnesty.org /library/Index/ENGAFR460232005 (309 words)

	A short history of Zimbabwe
		Resistance is organized in the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU) and the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU).
		When the leader of ZAPU, Joseph Nkomo and his closest aides are expelled from the government, ZAPU militants start a rebellion against the government.
		However the voter turnout is low and the campaign is not free and fair although the actual balloting is. Not satisfied with a de facto one-party state, Mugabe calls the ZANU-PF central committee to support the creation of a de jure one-party state in 1990 and lost.
	www.electionworld.org /history/zimbabwe.htm (786 words)

	Zimbabwe African National Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Zimbabwe African National Union was a political party during the struggle for Rhodesias, ultimately Zimbabwe, independence, formed as a split from ZAPU.
		Declaring that his life was in danger from political enemies, Sithole went into self-imposed exile in Silver Spring, Md., in 1983, returning to Zimbabwe nine years later to re-enter the political arena.
		He was elected a lawmaker for his tribal stronghold of Chipinge in southeastern Zimbabwe in 1995.
	www.mywiseowl.com /articles/ZANU (493 words)

	CrisisZimbabwe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		African History indicates that the fear of the African by the African was greatly manifested in post independent Zimbabwe.
		Zimbabwe due to the land reform, economic hardship and the state of belligerence between the Ndebele Ethnic Group and the Shona Ethnic.
		African Colonialism, which is the modern colonization of African Ethnic Groups by one or a few Ethnic Groups on the Land of Africa.
	www.unitedafricaorganization.org /CrisisZimbabwe.html (17196 words)

	Zimbabwe Committee
		The archive of the Dutch Zimbabwe Committee was transferred to the IISH.
		Its objective was to provide unconditional support to all organizations and individuals, especially the Patriotic Front, struggling against the oppression of the Zimbabwe population.
		The Patriotic Front was an alliance of the two liberation movements in Zimbabwe: the ZANU (Zimbabwe African National Union) and the ZAPU (Zimbabwe African Peoples Union).
	www.iisg.nl /collections/zimbabwekomitee.php (143 words)

	Workers World Aug. 29, 2002: The driving force behind Zimbabwe land seizures
		In the 19th century, Zimbabwe was made a colonial possession by the racist colonizer, Cecil Rhodes, on behalf of the then British Empire, which named the nation after Rhodes for this conquest.
		In his special report called, "Zimbabwe: Life after the election," in the May edition of the New African publication, he makes this point on the economy: Black Zimbabweans control just 4 percent of the economy while the white farmers control 30 percent and the British-dominated transnational corporations control 66 percent of the economy.
		Zimbabwe is in the throes of a horrible famine brought by a long period of drought.
	www.workers.org /ww/2002/zimbabwe0829.php (1083 words)

	Joshua Nkomo Summary
		President of the Zimbabwe African People's Union, he was active in the first independent African government in Zimbabwe and was vice president of Zimbabwe from 1990-1996.
		ZAPU split in 1963 and while some have claimed this split was due to ethnic tensions, more accurately the split was motivated by the failure of Sithole, Mugabe, Takawira and Malianga to wrest control of ZAPU from Nkomo.
		ZAPU forces committed two acts of terrorism during their war to overthrow the Rhodesian government when his troops shot down two Air Rhodesia Vickers Viscount civilian passenger planes with surface-to-air missiles.
	www.bookrags.com /Joshua_Nkomo (1994 words)

	Monthly Review April 1999 Patrick Bond
		Even more debilitating was Zimbabwe's sustained deindustrialization—a 40 percent crash in the volume of manufacturing output from 1991 to 1995, and a similar decline in workers' real standard of living, which reflected the half-baked character of neoliberal economic policy.
		Zimbabwe's northern neighbor witnessed the displacement of a long-term authoritarian nationalist (Kenneth Kaunda, who served for twenty-seven years) by an alleged democrat (Chiluba, the former chief Zambian labor leader who, in a 1991 election, was backed by big business).
		Zimbabwe offers the particular political problem of a waning conservative-populist leader who often makes leftish critiques of the IMF and World Bank while his government follows their advice fairly slavishly.
	www.monthlyreview.org /499bond.htm (6105 words)

	The Zimbabwean - An Independent Zimbabwe Newspaper
		Now political analysts say the president is intent on ensuring that Tongogara's contribution to the creation of modern Zimbabwe as commander of the guerrilla wing of ZANU, the Zimbabwe African National Union, fades away.
		Patrick Kombayi, a veteran former ZANU activist who was Zimbabwe's first fl mayor, said Mugabe sees all potential leaders merely as obstacles on his own path to power.
		However, Kombayi believes people would not be fooled by the arbitrary rewriting of history."ZANU leaders hate the true heroes even in death," he said.
	www.thezimbabwean.co.uk /viewinfo.cfm?id=1282 (1051 words)

	FRONTLINE/WORLD . Zimbabwe - Shadows and Lies . Recollections of Robert Mugabe . PBS
		In Zimbabwe, the Soviet Union backed Nkomo and China supported Mugabe, but Mugabe was pragmatic enough to realize that a repeat of Angola would be a disaster.
		African demand for land reform was strong, but Mugabe did not want to jeopardize the economy, and despite some militant talk, he did almost nothing to redistribute land until he was challenged in the polls.
		The reluctance these days of African leaders to denounce Mugabe's human rights abuses is self-serving -- they don't want to call attention to their own shortcomings -- but it is also partly a legacy of respect for a man who was once a freedom fighter.
	www.pbs.org /frontlineworld/stories/zimbabwe504/profile.html (3349 words)

	History of Zimbabwe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Mugabe stated that Zimbabwe would follow a nonaligned foreign policy while seeking assistance from all actions and would pursue a pragmatic relationship with South Africa.
		However, through control of the media, the huge parastatal sector of the economy, and the security forces, the government has managed to keep political opposition to minimum.
		Beginning in 1999, Zimbabwe has experienced a period of considerable political and economic upheaval.
	www.historyofnations.net /africa/zimbabwe.html (2448 words)

	Lancaster House Agreement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Lancaster House Agreement was the independence agreement for Rhodesia, nowadays known as Zimbabwe.
		The agreement was signed between the Patriotic Front (PF), consisting of ZAPU ( Zimbabwe African Peoples Union) and ZANU ( Zimbabwe African National Union) and the Rhodesian government, represented at that time by Bishop Abel Muzorewa and Ian Smith.
		Following the Meeting of Commonwealth Heads of Government held in Lusaka from 1 to 7th August 1979, the British Government issued invitations to Bishop Muzorewa and the leaders of the Patriotic Front to participate in a Constitutional Conference at Lancaster House.
	www.mywiseowl.com /articles/Lancaster_House_Agreement (662 words)

	Election in Zimbabwe-Rhodesia, 1979 - part 1
		Since many people in an area have identical names and for other normal reasons a card would have had to be issued.
		It may be worth noting that, where people were voting for "peace", this could have been just as much the result of the politicians' campaign, all of whom promised a policy for peace, as of the National Electorate Directorate's propaganda to the same effect.
		We were also told that in a number of cases people asked to be taken to the polling stations by the Security Forces so that they could give the excuse to the guerrillas afterwards that they were forced to go.
	www.rhodesia.nl /elect1.htm (7045 words)

	Zimbabwe History - Luxury African Holiday (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Archaeologists have found stone-age implements and pebble tools in several areas of Zimbabwe, a suggestion of human habitation for many centuries, and the ruins of stone buildings provide evidence of early civilization.
		On December 21, after three months of hard bargaining, the parties signed an agreement at Lancaster House calling for a cease-fire, new elections, a transition period under British rule, and a new constitution implementing majority rule while protecting minority rights.
		Beginning in 1999, Zimbabwe has experienced a period of considerable political and economic upheaval.
	www.luxury-african-holidays.com /zimbabwe-history.htm (2457 words)

	Election in Zimbabwe-Rhodesia, 1979 - part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The military wing of ZAPU is ZIPRA - The Zimbabwe Peoples’ Revolutionary Army The military wing of Mr.
		It may be worth noting that, where people were voting for "peace", this could have been just as much the result of the politicians' campaign, all of whom promised a policy for peace, as of the National Electorate Directorate's propaganda to the same effect.
		We were also told that in a number of cases people asked to be taken to the polling stations by the Security Forces so that they could give the excuse to the guerrillas afterwards that they were forced to go.
	home.wanadoo.nl /rhodesia/elect1.htm (7045 words)

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