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Topic: Zinc finger

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	Zinc finger - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The zinc ion is crucial for the stability of this domain type - in absence of the metal ion the domain unfolds as it is too small to have a hydrophobic core.
		The structure of each individual finger is highly conserved and consists of about 30 amino acid residues, constructed as a ββα fold and held together by the zinc ion.
		These proteins typically interact with the major groove along the double helix of DNA in which case the zinc fingers are arranged around the DNA strand in such a way that the α-helix of each finger contacts the DNA, forming an almost continuous stretch of α-helices around the DNA molecule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zinc_finger (401 words)

	Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University
		Zinc finger proteins have been found to regulate gene expression by acting as transcription factors (binding to DNA and influencing the transcription of specific genes).
		Since a sensitive indicator of zinc nutritional status is not readily available, the RDA for zinc was based on a number of different indicators of zinc nutritional status and represents the daily intake likely to prevent deficiency in nearly all individuals in a specific age and gender group (4).
		Zinc bioavailability (the fraction of zinc retained and used by the body) is relatively high in meat, eggs, and seafood because of the relative absence of compounds that inhibit zinc absorption and the presence of certain amino acids (cysteine and methionine) that improve zinc absorption.
	lpi.oregonstate.edu /infocenter/minerals/zinc/index.html (3645 words)

	ZINC
		Zinc (Zn) is another essential element in humans, vital for growth and development, sexual maturity and reproduction, dark vision adaptation, sense of smell and taste, insulin storage and release, and for a variety of immune defenses.
		Zinc metabolism is altered during disease and physical stress through hormones, cytokines and toxins, presumably as part of a host defense response.
		Zinc is usually indicated in rehabilitation therapy from malnutrition and/or malabsorption in children and adults, used in feeding programs for premature infants and neonates and is also a component of TPN solutions.
	www.tjclarkminerals.com /minerals/zinc.htm (743 words)

	ZINC FINGER PROTEINS FOR THE REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Zinc finger proteins for the regulation of gene expression
		Control of gene expression, using such specifically selected combinations of three zinc finger peptides, was originally demonstrated by the specific inhibition of an oncogene in a mouse cancer cell line and also, conversely, by activating particular genes in expression plasmids.
		Klug, A. Zinc finger peptides for the regulation of gene expression.
	www.med.miami.edu /mnbws/Klug-.html (796 words)

	EGR Protein & Zinc Finger Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The four conserved residues are that coordinate the zinc ion are shown in the center of the zinc finger domain.
		A zinc finger is a type of protein domain that is common in transcription factors.
		The type of zinc finger that occurs in EGR proteins is zf-C2H2, where zf stands for zinc finger, and C2H2 represents two cysteine and two histidine amino acids responsible for the stability of the domain.
	www.rit.edu /~jld0484/741/project4/zincfinger_intro.html (689 words)

	Zinc finger
		A zinc finger is part of a protein that can bind to DNA.
		Zinc finger domains typically consist of two β sheets, each carrying a cysteine residue, and an α helix carrying two histidine residues.
		The cysteine and histidine residues bind a zinc atom.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/zi/Zinc_finger.html (90 words)

	Zinc
		Zinc is found in the highest concentration in the middle ear and cochlea, the eye, the brain, and in the prostate and sperm.
		Zinc deficiency often results in elevated blood levels of copper, due to the dynamic competition of these metals in the body.
		Zinc toxicity is associated with gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, changes in HDL and LDL cholesterol ratios, copper deficiency and impaired immunity.
	www.drkaslow.com /html/zinc.html (1356 words)

	Pfam 21.0 : zf-C2H2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Zinc finger domains PUBMED:3125980, PUBMED: are nucleic acid-binding protein structures first identified in the Xenopus laevis transcription factor TFIIIA.
		A zinc finger domain is composed of 25 to 30 amino-acid residues including 2 conserved Cys and 2 conserved His residues in a C-2-C-12-H-3-H type motif.
		The zinc finger motif is an unusually small, self-folding domain in which Zn is a crucial component of its tertiary structure.
	pfam.janelia.org /cgi-bin/getdesc?name=zf-C2H2 (462 words)

	Journal of Nanobiotechnology \| Full text \| Chemically synthesized zinc finger molecules as nano-addressable probes for ...
		Two zinc finger probes of the SP1 motif were chemically synthesized and modified with a Dy-633 fluorophore.
		Zinc finger proteins are transcription factors which have concise and simple structure [2], can be made synthetically and might therefore provide alternative probes for dsDNA recognition [3].
		The double-stranded DNA targets were immobilized on a silanized glass fibre and incubated with the zinc fingers in a flow-through chamber (Figure 2).
	www.jnanobiotechnology.com /content/3/1/5 (1384 words)

	InterPro: IPR000679 Zinc finger, GATA-type
		The interactions occur via highly-conserved zinc finger domains in which the zinc ion is coordinated by 4 cysteine residues [ 2, 3 ].
		NMR studies have shown the core of the zinc finger to comprise 2 irregular anti-parallel beta-sheets and an alpha-helix, followed by a long loop to the C-terminal end of the finger.
		Interactions between the zinc finger and DNA are mainly hydrophobic, explaining the preponderance of thymines in the binding site; a large number of interactions with the phosphate backbone have also been observed [ 3 ].Two GATA zinc fingers are found in the GATA transcription factors.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR000679 (3349 words)

	Comparison of two zinc finger proteins
		The members of this protein family each have from five to nineteen of the 28 amino acid zinc finger domains.
		We see insertion of the second Zfp235 zinc finger relative to Zfp111 and insertion of either the eighth or ninth Zfp111 zinc finger relative to Zfp235.
		Zinc fingers 10 through 13 of Zfp235 match zinc fingers 10 through 13 and also zinc fingers 14 through 17 of Zfp111.
	www.math.cornell.edu /~lawren/cseq/node9.html (425 words)

	Voytas Lab: Zinc Finger Research
		Zinc finger arrays can be designed to recognize any site in the plant genome, thereby making it possible modify any chromosomal sequence.
		Current research is directed at developing zinc finger nuclease-assisted gene targeting for widespread use, including establishing key parameters for high frequency gene replacement and robust methods for the design of zinc finger arrays.
		Achieving this goal is facilitated by the Zinc Finger Consortium – a group of scientists dedicated to promoting applications of zinc finger proteins for genome modification.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~voytas/ResearchZFN.html (376 words)

	Zinc Finger Anti-HIV Licensing Opportunity
		The CCHC zinc fingers are sequences of 14 amino acids with four invariant residues, Cys(X)2Cys(X)4His(X)4Cys, that chelate zinc.
		Compounds that react with the CCHC zinc fingers and remove the zinc ions cause a change in the conformation and charge of the nucleocapsid protein, which can be detected as a change in its electrophoretic mobility using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) or other means.
		Purified CCHC zinc fingers may be reconstituted with radioactive zinc-65 and the release of zinc-65 caused by test compounds interacting with retroviral CCHC zinc fingers can be used to determine the reactivity of test compounds.
	www.bioinfo.com /zinc.html (739 words)

	The Scientist : A Finger on the Pulse of Transcriptional Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The key to zinc fingers' success is their sequence-specific, modular structure.
		Barbas likens them to "molecular Lego blocks." With each zinc finger targeting a specific 3-base pair DNA sequence, a six-fingered protein, for example, should have the capacity to bind just one of nearly 70 billion unique 18-bp sequences.
		Zinc fingers also are the most common DNA-binding motif, which has surprised Klug: "I didn't expect it to be 1% or 2% of the human genome." About 700 human genes encode zinc-finger proteins.
	www.the-scientist.com /2003/7/14/33/1 (1492 words)

	RRResearch: Zinc!
		There's a whole family of DNA-binding proteins called zinc finger proteins, because zinc mediates an interaction between histidines in the protein and DNA.
		The ingredients list doesn't include zinc, but it may be present as a contaminant, and variation in the level of contamination might even explain the long-term variations we see in transformation frequency.
		If zinc does help cells take up DNA, I should see higher transformation frequencies when the uptake solution is supplemented with zinc, and/or lower transformation frequencies when it is supplemented with histidine.
	rrresearch.blogspot.com /2006/09/zinc.html (600 words)

	Drosophila Genes
		Zinc finger transcription factors A - L
		zinc finger transcription factor - required for the elaboration of pattern in the tarsus -
		GATA family zinc finger transcription factor - required downstream of serpent for the expression of specific genes in the differentiated midgut
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/aimain/6zinc.htm (397 words)

	A 2.2 Å resolution crystal structure of a designed zinc finger protein bound to DNA - Nature Structural & ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Thukral, S.K., Morrison, M.L. and Young, E.T. Mutations in the zinc fingers of ADR1 that change the specificity of DNA binding and transactivation.
		zinc finger peptide is not, in general, responsible for base recognition.
		Shi, Y. and Berg, J.M. DNA unwinding induced by zinc finger protein binding.
	www.nature.com /nsmb/journal/v3/n11/abs/nsb1196-940.html (773 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Conservation, diversification and expansion of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in the ...
		C2H2 zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) constitute an abundant family of nucleic acid binding proteins in the genomes of higher and lower eukaryotes.
		It was shown in [30] that the minimal region required for specific DNA binding includes the single zinc finger and two basic regions on either side of the ZF domain.
		Kubo and coworkers [24] investigated members of the family C1 with two, three and four fingers and suggested, based on the distribution of domains, that multi-fingered proteins in petunia are probably older than those with two fingers.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2164/5/39 (7088 words)

	Zinc: Future Directions
		It is abundantly clear that zinc is of extraordinary and diverse importance in human biology and nutrition.
		Examine the consequences (beneficial or otherwise) of zinc mediated inhibition of protein oxidation.
		Research questions or directives for the clarification of the epidemiology of human zinc deficiency and improved methods/strategies for the detection, prevention and management of zinc deficiency in otherwise healthy humans as well as in a wide range of disease states.
	ods.od.nih.gov /News/Zinc_Future_Directions.aspx (1227 words)

	Interactive Fly, Drosophila
		Similar to tinman, the zinc finger- and homeobox-containing gene zfh-1 is expressed in the early mesoderm and later in the forming heart, suggesting a possible role in heart development.
		This similarity, together with the tandem arrangement of each set of three fingers, raises the possibility that the different zinc-finger regions of ZFH-1 protein were generated by a gene duplication event.
		All zinc fingers in ATBF1 and Drosophila Zfh proteins belong to the C2-H2 type except for two each in ATBF1 and Drosophila ZFH-1, which are of the C2HC class, and one in ZFH-2, which has a SCH2 arrangement (Hashimoto, 1992).
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/gene/zincfh11.htm (2729 words)

	Liquid Zinc
		Clinical uses: Zinc is not widely used as a therapeutic agent except as
		Zinc is usually indicated in rehabilitation therapy from
		Toxicity: Acute zinc toxicity is characterized by gastric distress,
	www.tjclarkminerals.com /Products/liquid_zinc.htm (611 words)

	Targeted identification of zinc finger genes expressed in rat lungs -- Dovat et al. 275 (1): 30 -- AJP - Lung Cellular ...
		zinc finger protein repeat unit with a coordinately bound zinc ion.
		Fusion between a novel Kruppel-like zinc finger gene and the retinoic acid receptor-alpha locus due to a variant t(11;17) translocation associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia.
		A zinc finger protein-encoding gene expressed in the post-meiotic phase of spermatogenesis.
	ajplung.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/1/L30 (3802 words)

	The Individualist: Zinc finger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A zinc finger consists of two antiparallel β strands, and an α helix.
		These proteins typically interact with the major groove along the double helix of DNA in which case the zinc fingers are arranged around the DNA strand in such a way that the α-helix of each finger contacts the DNA, forming an almost continuous stretch of α-helices around the DNA molecule.
		The binding specificity for 3-4 base pairs are conferred by a short stretch of amino acid residues in the α-helix.
	www.dadamo.com /wiki/wiki.pl/Zinc_finger (410 words)

	A common mechanism for mitotic inactivation of C2H2 zinc finger DNA-binding domains -- Dovat et al. 16 (23): 2985 -- ...
		The C2H2 zinc finger is the most prevalent protein motif in mammalian cells and defines the largest family of sequence-specific
		Clemens, K.R., Zhang, P., Liao, X., McBryant, S.J., Wright, P.E., and Gottesfeld, J.M. Relative contributions of the zinc fingers of transcription factor IIIA to the energetics of DNA binding.
		Thukral, S.K., Morrison, M.L., and Young, E.T. Alanine scanning site-directed mutagenesis of the zinc fingers of transcription factor ADR1: Residues that contact DNA and that transactivate.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/16/23/2985 (4079 words)

	Systematic Characterization of the Zinc-Finger-Containing Proteins in the Mouse Transcriptome -- Ravasi et al. 13 (6): ...
		The secondary structure of the six fingers is shown above the alignment; the domain consensus is shown below the alignment, the FFAB domain is indicated by the fl bar.
		C2H2-type zinc fingers are responsible for the DNA binding.
		Nomura, A. and Sugiura, Y. Contribution of individual zinc ligands to metal binding and peptide folding of zinc finger peptides.
	www.genome.org /cgi/content/full/13/6b/1430 (4653 words)

	Zinc finger inhibitor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zinc finger inhibition is the process by which the synthesis of zinc fingers is blocked.
		Zinc finger inhibitors have been tested for their efficacy in treating AIDS and HIV.
		This page was last modified 02:48, 24 June 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zinc_finger_inhibitor (69 words)

	InterPro: IPR001841 Zinc finger, RING-type
		The RING-finger is a specialised type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc, and is probably involved in mediating protein-protein interactions.
		E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is intrinsic to the RING domain of c-Cbl and is likely to be a general function of this domain; Various RING fingers exhibit binding to E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (Ubc's) [ 5, 6, 7 ].
		The 3D structure of the zinc ligation system is unique to the RING domain and is referred to as the 'cross-brace' motif.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR001841 (3460 words)

	GATA4 zinc finger mutations as a molecular rationale for septation defects of the human heart -- Reamon-Buettner and ...
		GATA4 zinc finger mutations as a molecular rationale for septation defects of the human heart
		carry mutations in the zinc fingers and adjacent amino acids.
		Cardiac abnormalities induced by zinc deficiency are associated with alterations in the expression of genes regulated by the zinc-finger transcription factor GATA-4.
	jmg.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/42/5/e32 (1724 words)

	[4] Zinc Finger
		In the 3D structure, two cysteine residues and two histidine residues interact with a zinc ion (Figure 4-F-1).
		Its consensus sequence is CX The first four cysteine residues bind to a zinc ion and the last four cysteine residues bind to another zinc ion (Figure 4-F-2).
		The Zinc Finger-containing Transcription Factors GATA-4, -5, and -6
	www.web-books.com /MoBio/Free/Ch4F2.htm (216 words)

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