| | Zingiberales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) |
 | | Cannaceae + Marantaceae + Zingiberaceae + Costaceae: raphides 0; petiole with one series of air canals; guard cells with inner and outer ledges unequal; petiole short, poorly differentiated; C connate, both A whorls with two staminodes, adaxial A of inner whorl fertile; micropylar collar well developed, cells of exotesta longitudinally elongated; chalazosperm +, endosperm slight. |
 | | Zingiberaceae are usually large and often aromatic rhizomatous herbs with 2-ranked leaves that have open sheaths; an inflorescence that is frequently branched; and pedicellate, monosymmetric flowers with a single stamen, the style running between the two halves of the large anther. |
 | | Stem-group Zingiberaceae are dated to ca 79 mybp, divergence within the crown group to ca 26 mybp (Janssen and Bremer 2004: Tamijia amd Siphonochilus not included). |
| www.mobot.org /MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/zingiberalesweb.htm (2214 words) |