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	Grigory Zinoviev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zinoviev, Kamenev and their allies in the Bolshevik Central Committee argued that the Bolsheviks had no choice but to start negotiations since a railroad strike would cripple their government's ability to fight the forces that were still loyal to the overthrown Provisional Government.
		Zinoviev and his co-defendants were formally cleared of all charges by the Soviet government in 1988 during perestroika.
		Zinoviev is remembered in Britain as the putative author of the 'Zinoviev Letter' which caused a sensation when published on October 25, 1924, four days before a general election.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grigory_Yevseyevich_Zinoviev (2114 words)

	Zinoviev, Grigori Evseyevich. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Zinoviev was one of Lenin’s closest collaborators in exile (1909–17) and returned to Russia with him after the Feb., 1917, revolution.
		Zinoviev led the triumvirate’s attack on Leon Trotsky, calling for his expulsion from the party.
		Zinoviev was removed from his party posts in 1926 and expelled from the party in 1927.
	www.bartleby.com /65/zi/Zinoviev.html (435 words)

	Wikinfo \| Grigory Zinoviev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Zinoviev was member of the Bolshevik faction from its creation in 1903, and one of Lenin's closest associates.
		When it came to real action, Zinoviev shrank from the proposed revolutionary coup and on October 10, 1917, he and Kamenev were the only two Central Committee members to vote against Lenin on the issue of staging the armed action which was to place the Bolsheviks in power.
		Zinoviev soon returned to the fold, and became a member of the powerful Politburo from 1919, as well as the head of the Comintern.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Zinoviev (456 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Archive Search
		The letter, almost certainly forged, was leaked to the Daily Mail on the eve of the 1924 general election which led to the fall of the first Labour government under Ramsay Macdonald.
		Purported to have been written by Grigori Zinoviev, president of the Comintern, the internal communist organisation, it called on British communists to mobilise "sympathetic forces" in the Labour party to support an Anglo-Soviet treaty (including a loan to the Bolshevik government) and to encourage "agitation-propaganda" in the armed forces.
		She said the letter - sent to MI6 from one of its agents in the Latvian capital, Riga - was written as a result of a campaign orchestrated by White Russians who had good contacts in London.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Archive/Article/0,4273,4032738,00.html (519 words)

	Clarion: compilation on Zinoviev letter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Zinoviev letter - one of the greatest British political scandals of this century - was forged by a MI6 agent's source and almost certainly leaked by MI6 or MI5 officers to the Conservative Party, according to an official report published today.
		The Zinoviev letter has been shrouded in mystery for three-quarters of a century.
		MacDonald and the Government to stigmatise the Red plot letter as an impudent forgery and to withdraw the Foreign Office protest to the Bolshevik Government with apologies and to dismiss with ignominy the official responsible for it.
	www.cambridgeclarion.org /zinoviev.letter.html (207 words)

	Zinoviev, Grigori Evseyevich on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		ZINOVIEV, GRIGORI EVSEYEVICH [Zinoviev, Grigori Evseyevich], 1883-1936, Soviet Communist leader, originally named Radomyslsky.
		Zinoviev was one of Lenin's closest collaborators in exile (1909-17) and returned to Russia with him after the Feb., 1917, revolution.
		After the Bolshevik takeover, Zinoviev served as head of the Comintern (1919-26) and as a member of the Communist party politburo (1921-26).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/Z/Zinoviev.asp (466 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: News :: 'Zinoviev Letter' Discovered Here
		The letter instructed the British Communist Party to support the British Labor Party's reelection and further the revolution.
		Zinoviev himself held a press conference shortly after the affair to deny writing the letter.
		Butler believes the Polish intelligence is the "culprit." Zinoviev accused Polish intelligence of being involved in his 1924 press conference.
	www.thecrimson.com /article.aspx?ref=351946 (763 words)

	An analysis of G. Zinoviev's letter to the I.W.W. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Zinoviev's comments simply indicate how unpopular the Bolshevik dictatorship had become in the eyes of the Russian masses (in early 1921, Zinoviev declared that the government's support among the working class had been reduced to 1 per cent).
		Zinoviev himself was the head of the Petrograd Soviet which, in 1919, sent troops to break strikes in the city.
		Zinoviev clearly admits that, in practice, the soviets have delegated their power to the "Council of People's Commissars" which is the real power in "the Workers' State." As he says, it "directs the country," not the working class.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/anarchism/writers/anarcho/zinoviev.html (12817 words)

	Zinoviev Letter
		The letter was published in these newspapers four days before the 1924 General Election and contributed to the defeat of MacDonald and the Labour Party.
		(1) Charles Trevelyan believed that the Zinoviev letter was responsible for Labour's defeat in the 1924 General Election.
		The outstanding feature of the general election of 1924 in the country as a whole was the Zinoviev letter.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /TUzinoviev.htm (1186 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: News :: Harvard Plates Solve Mystery British Spy Forged 'Zinoviev Letter'
		The discovery of the notorious "Zinoviev Letter" stashed away in the back vault of the Harvard Law School Library has led historians to the exact identity of the man who forged the letter and virtually annihilated the British Labor Party during the 1920's.
		The letter was the key element in a lurid political intrigue centering around the heated British elections in 1924.
		When the Zinoviev letter finally broke into the British press two days before the 1924 elections, several copies were known to be circulating among Western intelligence circles in Europe.
	www.thecrimson.com /article.aspx?ref=352162 (952 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The 'Zinoviev Letter' was purported to have been sent by the Head of the Comintern, Grigori Zinoviev, to the Communist Party of Great Britain.
		The letter circulated as a copy, and as such was much more powerful because no one could prove its provenance or the authenticity of an unseen original.
		The results of the letter were huge: the defeat of the Labour Government, the souring of relations with the Soviet Union and the abandonment of Anglo-Soviet treaties.
	library-2.lse.ac.uk /archives/admin/Zinoviev.htm (550 words)

	RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: Z :: Zinoviev, Grigory
		Zinoviev was one of Lenin's closest collaborators in exile (1909-1917) and returned to Russia with him after the February 1917 revolution.
		On Lenin's death (1924), Zinoviev, Kamenev, and Stalin formed a ruling triumvirate.
		Zinoviev led the triumvirate's attack on Lev Trotsky, calling for his expulsion from the party.
	www.rusnet.nl /encyclo/z/zinoviev.shtml (378 words)

	Gus Fagan: Christian Rakovsky (Part 4) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In a note to MacDonald on 25 October 1924 Rakovsky rejected the Zinoviev letter as a forgery “intended to arouse British public opinion against the Soviet Union and to frustrate the efforts being made by both countries to establish durable and friendly relations”.
		In a letter to the new Conservative government on 28 November 1924 Rakovsky maintained that the forgery had originated in counterrevolutionary émigré circles in the West.
		He later told Louis Fischer that an official of international repute in the Quai d’Orsay had informed him that the Zinoviev letter was a Polish forgery, produced in collusion with Russian émigrés and placed at the disposal of the British, who used it to bring down the Labour government and block the Anglo-Soviet treaties.
	www.marxists.org /archive/rakovsky/biog/biog4.htm (4326 words)

	BBC - Radio 4 - This Sceptred Isle - The First Labour PM and the Zinoviev Letter
		In 1924 the Conservative government was defeated in the House of Commons and Stanley Baldwin resigned.
		Just before Polling Day a letter was sent to the Daily Mail and the Foreign Office, ostensibly written by a senior man in the Kremlin inciting the Communist Party of Great Britain to prepare for revolution.
		The Zinoviev Letter, as the incident was called, did few favours at the ballot box for Labour and the Conservative leader, Stanley Baldwin was returned as Prime Minister.
	www.bbc.co.uk /radio4/sceptred_isle/page/189.shtml (451 words)

	Was Stalin an Agent of the Tsarist Okhrana?
		The letter recounted the involvement of Joseph Stalin in the activities of the police as an agent and informer during the years 1906-1912.
		Finally, in the Eremin letter the number under the date is typed rather than impressed by means of a rubber stamp, the usual practice in all office correspondence of the period.
		The letter in question was produced by someone (not a novice at operational intelligence matters) who had knowledge of Stalin's Okhrana dossier and who comprehended the interactions of the Okhrana and revolutionary organizations.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/2808/chap3.html (15888 words)

	1937: Stalin's Year of Terror - Chapter 1 - Preparations for the First Show Trial
		Zinoviev’s letter to Stalin, sent on 12 July 1936 from a Moscow prison, shows how little Zinoviev understood what was happening.
		Zinoviev was the first to indicate that he was ready to make a deal with Stalin.
		The letter, which was intended to create an impression of the special trust with which the given information was transmitted only to members of the party, ended with the demand that "every Bolshevik" "recognize an enemy of the party no matter how well he may be disguised." [36]
	www.wsws.org /exhibits/1937/ch1.htm (3826 words)

	Military Intelligence (MI5)
		This investigation eventually became known as the Zinoviev Letter Scandal.
		The letter was published in these newspapers four days before the 1924 General Election and contributed to the defeat of Ramsay MacDonald and the Labour Party.
		Before passing the letter to her contacts, Miller showed it to Maxwell Knight, head of B5b, a unit that conducted the monitoring of political subversion.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWm5.htm (10885 words)

	Variant \| issue 7 \| New Labour, the Media, and the British Secret State, Robin Ramsay
		The Zinoviev letter incident is a kind of template for one aspect of the relationship between the British secret state and sections of the British press: Intelligence officers give disinformation to the Tory press to publish to damage the British left.
		Zinoviev was the big stinky fact that the British secret state could never quite dispose of when it denied running covert operations inside British politics.
		In other words, the Zinoviev letter not only described the real situation, it was produced to save a brave British agent who had penetrated to the heart of the red menace pointing at the heart of the British way of life.
	www.variant.randomstate.org /7texts/Robin_Ramsay.html (2824 words)

	The Eremin Letter
		Levine was told that the letter was brought to the U.S. from Shanghai by Professor M.P. Golovachev, described as "a former deputy minister in the democratic Far Eastern government during the Russian civil war." Kennan later added the detail that the professor was paid $300 for the letter.
		The Americans had a "Zinoviev letter" of their own ten months before the British forgery was to bring down the Labour Party government.
		Kujala concludes: "If the signature on the Eremin letter is a forgery, the same goes for the letter as well." (67) Furthermore, if the signature is not Eremin's, that eliminates (as we shall see) one of the candidates suggested for the role of forger of this document.
	www.ericlee.me.uk /stalin.htm (15140 words)

	They forge documents to smear their enemies\|3May03\|Socialist Worker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		On the eve of the general election the right wing Daily Mail published a copy of a letter (it never produced the original) which was supposedly written to the British Communist Party by Grigori Zinoviev.
		Zinoviev was the president of the Comintern - the international grouping of socialists who supported the 1917 Russian Revolution.
		The letter called on Communists to mobilise "sympathetic forces" in the Labour Party and talked of creating dissent in the armed forces.
	www.socialistworker.co.uk /article.php4?article_id=3637 (1570 words)

	The Zinoviev Letter - the Comintern against Britain?
		It appears to be a letter from Gregory Zinoviev, head of the Comintern, to communists in Britain.
		Zinoviev claimed time and again that the victory of Communist revolution in Europe was guaranteed, and that the Red Flag would soon be flying over all continents.
		The Foreign Office is publishing a report on the Zinoviev letter - a 75-year-old mystery that has perplexed generations of historians and fascinated Labour supporters.
	users.cyberone.com.au /myers/zinoviev.html (1451 words)

	Foreign & Commonwealth Office News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The letter, urging the party to stir up the British proletariat in preparation for class war, appeared in the Daily Mail shortly afterwards, with immense political and diplomatic repercussions.
		In response the Foreign Secretary, Robin Cook said in a written answer on 12 February 1998 that in the interests of openness, he had commissioned the FCO Historians to prepare a memorandum on the Zinoviev Letter, drawing on papers held by the SIS, as well as those in the FCO archives.
		Gregory, the Zinoviev Letter and the Francs scandal.
	www.fco.gov.uk /servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029391629&a=KArticle&aid=1013618390974 (319 words)

	The Hindu : Opinion / News Analysis : False claims, lying politicians
		The Zinoviev letter of October 1924, supposedly written by the head of the Communist International (Comintern), urged British communists to organise themselves into revolutionary cells within the British army.
		Sustained by fear, the letter was believed by those who wanted to believe in it — with its implication that the government was naive in its dealings with international communism.
		Once the election was lost by Labour the Zinoviev letter gained extra historical importance.
	www.hindu.com /2005/04/28/stories/2005042804811100.htm (828 words)

	An obvious trail of slime
		The Zinoviev letter of October 1924, supposedly written by the head of the Comintern, urged British communists to organise themselves into revolutionary cells within the British army.
		Sustained by fear, the letter was believed by those who wanted to believe in it - with its implication that the government was naive in its dealings with international communism.
		For it induced a deep feeling within the party that the Tories were abnormally vicious liars, and victimhood and paranoia came to play a part in Labour politics.
	www.informationclearinghouse.info /article8682.htm (803 words)

	Guardian \| The secret history that lies behind the Zinoviev Letter
		It is gratifying to see that the Foreign Office investigation into the Zinoviev Letter (Zinoviev letter was dirty trick by MI6, February 4) apparently confirms the conclusions long ago reached by left-wing historians.
		The Letter was a forgery, leaked by intelligence officers 'whose allegiances lay firmly in the Conservative camp'.
		Those who have tried to argue to the contrary seem to be left with egg on their faces.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,3817225-103677,00.html (282 words)

	A Guide to the Papers of British Cabinet Ministers 1900-1951 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The letters are not subdivided according to whether they were written or received by Ramsay MacDonald, as this would destroy the `picture' provided by having a series of correspondence.
		The letters are mainly from Ramsay MacDonald's supporters at the Gladstone Club, especially John Randolph, discussing his original candidacy, his dealings with the other candidates (Wilberforce and Barnes) and his attempts to win over the local Trades Council, headed by H.G. Wilson.
		The letters are concerned with the setting up of the U.D.C. and the formulation of policy, the attempt to recruit members, the victimisation suffered by its followers and prosecutions under the Defence of the Realm Act.
	rylibweb.man.ac.uk /data2/archivehub/rmdhub.sgm (10662 words)

	Zinoviev, Grigori Evseyevich - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		On Lenin's death (1924), Zinoviev, Kamenev, and Joseph Stalin
		Zinoviev led the triumvirate's attack on Leon Trotsky
		Except as otherwise permitted by written agreement, the following are prohibited: copying substantial portions or the entirety of the work in machine readable form, making multiple printouts thereof, and other uses of the work inconsistent with U.S. and applicable foreign copyright and related laws.
	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=Zinoviev (512 words)

	Grigori Evseyevich Zinoviev
		Zinoviev, Grigori Evseyevich, 1883–1936, Soviet Communist leader, originally named Radomyslsky.
		On Lenin's death (1924), Zinoviev, Kamenev, and Joseph
		In 1935, Zinoviev was sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment purportedly for giving his encouragement to the assassins of Sergei
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0853443.html (391 words)

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