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Topic: Zirids

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Zirids
		The Zirids (Arabic: Ø²ÙØ±ÙÙÙâ) were a Berber dynasty, originating in Petite Kabylie among the Kutama tribe, that ruled Ifriqiya (roughly, modern Tunisia), initially on behalf of the Fatimids, for about two centuries, until weakened by the Banu Hilal and finally destroyed by the Almohads.
		In the 10th century this tribe served as vassals of the Fatimids, defeating the Kharijite rebellion of Abu Yazid (943-947, under Ziri ibn Manad (935-971).
		Between 1146 and 1148 the Normans of Sicily conquered all the coastal towns, and in 1152 the last Zirids in Algeria were superseded by the Almohads.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Zirids (419 words)

	f. North Africa. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The Zirids were originally appointed as governors of the North African provinces within the Fatimid Empire.
		The dynasty was founded by a revolt of the Banu Hammad (1015) under the leadership of the Zirid governor of eastern Algeria.
		For Tunisia, one of the principal consequences of the tribal invasion was the spread of the Arabic language to large parts of the countryside, where, unlike in the towns, Berber had formerly predominated.
	www.bartleby.com /67/321.html (749 words)

	Kalbids - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Raids into southern Italy continued under the Kalbids into the 11th century, and in 982 a German army under Otto II was defeated near Crotone in Calabria.
		The dynasty began a steady period of decline with the Emirate of Yusuf al-Kalbi (990-998) who entrusted the island to his sons and created space for interference from the Zirids of Ifriqiya.
		Under al-Akhal (1017-1037) the dynastic conflict intensified, with factions allying themselves variously with Byzantium and the Zirids.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Kalbid (397 words)

	Algeria - Fatimids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This period was marked by constant conflict, political instability, and economic decline.
		The Hammadids, by rejecting the Ismaili doctrine for Sunni orthodoxy and renouncing submission to the Fatimids, initiated chronic conflict with the Zirids.
		Part of this movement was an invasion by the Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym tribes, apparently sent by the Fatimids to weaken the Zirids.
	countrystudies.us /algeria/9.htm (499 words)

	Zirids info here at en.articles-on-parenting.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Zirids (Arabic: Ø²ÙØ±ÙÙÙâ) were a Berber dynasty, originating in Petite Kabylie mid the Kutama tribe, that ruled Ifriqiya (roughly, modern Tunisia), initially on behalf of the Fatimids, for about two centuries, debased by the Banu Hilal and lastly collapsed by the Almohads.
		The Zirids were Sanhaja Berbers from the of modern Algeria.
		Zirids Tunisian Zirid Rulers Tunisian Zirid Rulers Abul-Futuh Sayf ad-Dawla Buluggin ibn Ziri (973-983) Abul-Fat'h al-Mansur ibn Buluggin (983-995) Abu Qatada Nasir ad-Dawla Badis ibn Mansur (995-1015) Sharaf ad-Dawla al-Muizz ibn Badis (1015-1062) declared independence from the Fatimids 1048, changed capital to Mahdia in 1057 after Kairouan was missed to the Banu Hilal.
	en.articles-on-parenting.info /Zirids (567 words)

	TUNISIA. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The reigns of the Aghlabids (9th cent.) and of the Zirids (from 972), Berber followers of the Fatimids, were especially prosperous.
		When the Zirids angered the Fatimids in Cairo (1050), the latter ravaged Tunisia.
		The coasts were briefly held by the Normans of Sicily in the 12th cent.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/tu/Tunisia.html (1170 words)

	USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts
		The Zirids in North Africa repudiate allegiance to the Fatimid and transfer allegiance to-the Abbasids.
		Death of the Zirid ruler Al Muizz, accession of Tamin.
		Death of the Seljuk Sultan Tughril Beg; accession of Alp Arsalan.
	www.usc.edu /dept/MSA/history/chronology/century11.html (376 words)

	Condition of Maghrib (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		His request was granted and from 365/975, Tripoli began to be ruled by the Zirids.
		In addition, Tripoli, over which the dispute had begun, was occupied neither by the Fatimids nor by the Zirids, but it came in the hands of the enemy of both, i.e., the Banu Zanata.
		He entered the city and declared his support against the Zirids and proclaimed his loyalty to the Umayyads of Spain.
	ismaili.net /histoire/history05/history550.html (484 words)

	nafrica
		Zirids can include a Saharan ally (based on the Tuareg list) which adds a Cm(S) option to the army.
		The Zirids were also attacked by the Sicilians in the early 12th Century.
		The Almohads replaced the Zirids in Tunisia from 1145 AD and were subject to attacks from the Sicilians and Ayyubids.
	www.massey.ac.nz /~bjmoyle/figs/nafrica.html (979 words)

	Libya - Hilalians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In Cairo the Fatimid caliph reacted by inviting the Bani Hilal and Bani Salim, beduin tribes from Arabia known collectively as the Hilalians, to migrate to the Maghrib and punish his rebellious vassals, the Zirids.
		The Arab nomads spread across the region, in the words of the historian Ibn Khaldun, like a "swarm of locusts," impoverishing it, destroying towns, and dramatically altering the face and culture of the countryside.
		By 1150 the Normans held a string of ports and fortresses along the coast between Tunis and Tripoli, but their interests in North Africa were commercial rather than political, and no effort was made to extend the conquest inland.
	countrystudies.us /libya/11.htm (295 words)

	The Shire of Vanished Wood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Zirids found it increasingly difficult to reconcile their loyalty toward their overlords with the sentiments of their people, who hated the Shī’ites.
		The Zirid Tamim (1062-1108), son of al-Mu’izz, had promised to cease molesting Sicily, and in return count Roger had promised the shipment of grain to Mahdia.
		The Zirid state was poverty-stricken and unable to maintain ships or to employ the services of corsairs on any large scale.
	www.vanishedwood.org /castle/library/book.php?id=CrusadesII (22673 words)

	Libya - Fatimids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		They left the Maghrib to their Berber vassals, the Zirids, but the Shia regime had already begun to crumble in Tripolitania as factions struggled indecisively for regional supremacy.
		The Zirids neglected the economy, except to pillage it for their personal gain.
		In an effort to hold the support of the urban Arabs, in 1049 the Zirid amir defiantly rejected the Shia creed, broke with the Fatimids, and initiated a Berber return to Sunni orthodoxy.
	countrystudies.us /libya/10.htm (418 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Kabylia
		The Fatimid dynasty of the 10th century originated in Petite Kabylie, where an Ismaili da'i found a receptive audience for his millennialist preaching, and ultimately led the Kutama tribe to conquer first Ifriqiya and then Egypt.
		After taking over Egypt, the Fatimids themselves lost interest in the Maghreb, which they left to their Berber deputies, the Zirids.
		The Zirid family soon split, with the Hammadid branch taking over Kabylie as well as much of Algeria, and the Zirids taking modern Tunisia.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Kabylia (1352 words)

	Workshop on Polynomial Orthogonality_Annaba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The city was an early center of Christianity and held the bishopric of Saint Augustine (395-430 A.D.).
		The city fell under the roman empire after the war opposing Cesar to Pompey and was captured together with the whole Numidia in 46 B.C. Annaba was part of numidia and was inhabited by the Berbers, Carthaginians, Romans, Fatimids, Zirids, Hammadites whose vestiges still exist.
		In the 16th century, the city was given the name of Annaba because of the presence of many jujube trees.
	www.iwpoa.edu.dz /tourisme.htm (817 words)

	Fatimid khutba in Baghdad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Maghrib was the original abode and the base of the foundation of the Fatimid Caliphate, whose chief in the time of al-Mustansir was al-Muizz bin Badis, the fourth Zirid ruler.
		The last Zirid ruler, al-Hasan bin Ali was driven out of Mahdiya in 543/1148 by Roger II, the Sicilian emperor.
		It must be known that the Karakhanid dynasty sprang from the ruling house of the Karluk Turks who originally belonged to the steppes of Central Asia, and whose founder was Satuk Bughra Khan.
	ismaili.net /histoire/history05/history572.html (615 words)

	Banu Hilal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Banu Hilal (Arabic: بنو هلال) were an Arab tribe that migrated from Arabia into North Africa in the 11th century, having been sent by the Fatimids to punish the Zirids for abandoning Shiism.
		They quickly defeated the Zirids and deeply weakened the neighboring Hammadids.
		Their influx was a major factor in the linguistic and cultural Arabization of the Maghreb, and in the spread of nomadism in areas where agriculture had previously been dominant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Banu_Hilal (149 words)

	Tunisia in 1999 (South)
		It is named after al-Mahdi, the founder of the Fatimid dynasty who made it his capital from 921 to 973.
		A century later it served as refuge for the Zirids when their capital Kairouan was overrun in 1050.
		Its old port, which is said to have been first excavated by the Carthaginians in antiquity, is now only used by local fishing boats.
	berclo.net /page99/99en-tunisia-2.html (722 words)

	Islam Genealogy 2
		Hammudid of Malaga 1014 - 1056 Conquered by Zirids 1056.
		The Hammudid were originally governors at Ceuta (N. Africa) under the Umayyads, but in 1017 al-Nasir Ali deposed Sulayman and declared himself Caliph at Cordoba.
		Zirid of Granada 1013 - 1090 Conquered by Almoravids 1090.
	www.forumancientcoins.com /historia/islam_gen2.htm (389 words)

	Tunisia HISTORY
		In 909, the Fatimids ended Aghlabid rule, using Tunisia as a base for their subsequent conquest of Egypt.
		They left Tunisia in control of the subordinate Zirid dynasty until the 11th century, when the Zirids rebelled against Fatimid control.
		The Fatimids unleashed nomadic Arab tribes, the Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym, to punish the Zirids, a move resulting in the destruction of the Zirid state and the general economic decline of Tunisia.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Africa/Tunisia-HISTORY.html (2904 words)

	Zirids info here at en.my-widgets.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In my "Relationship" file I have pictures of girlfriends enjoying each Zirids's company, Zirids and moms cuddling, dads playing with their children, families sharing special moments, husbands and wives committing to their lives together, elderly couples holding hands.
		Tunisian Zirid Rulers Abul-Futuh Sayf ad-Dawla Buluggin ibn Ziri (973-983) Abul-Fat'h al-Mansur ibn Buluggin (983-995) Abu Qatada Nasir ad-Dawla Badis ibn Mansur (995-1015) Sharaf ad-Dawla al-Muizz ibn Badis (1015-1062) declared independence from the Fatimids 1048, changed capital to Mahdia in 1057 after Kairouan was lost to the Banu Hilal.
		Abu Tahir Tamim ibn al-Muizz (1062-1108); changed the khutba to refer to the Abbasid Caliph in 1087, marking a final break with the Fatimids.
	en.my-widgets.com /Zirids (568 words)

	Spain's Islamic coins. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Most of the "Party Kings" issued coins, but their dirhams are scarce and of exceptionally poor quality.
		Only three of these states are represented here, the Hammudids of Malaga, the Zirids of Granada, and the Sumadihids of Almeria.
		A related group from Tunisia is also included, the Zirids of Qairuwan.
	users.javanet.com /j/-/j-roberts/spain.htm (353 words)

	KhadijaTeri - Islamic Period - Fatimid
		While they were busy in Cairo, they left control of the Maghrib (North African areas) to their Berber vassals, named the Zirids.
		The Zirids neglected the economy and pillaged it for their personal gain.
		In 1049 the Zirid amir tried to gain support of the Urban Arabs made the decision to break with the Fatimids and return the area to Sunni orthodoxy.
	www.khadijateri.com /fatimid.html (351 words)

	Uzer.Aur-Jee? -- 969-1095 CE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Buluggin b Ziri founds the rule of the Zirids Algeria.
		Death of the Zirid ruler Buluggin, accession of Mansur.
		Death of the Zirid ruler AI Muizz, accession of Tamin.
	www.uzer.org /timeline/969-1095.html (571 words)

	Western North Africa (The Maghrib), 1000-1400 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Two Berber dynasties, the Zirids and Hammadids, control Tunisia and eastern Algeria, as Fatimid vassals.
		(al-Muwahhidun), another Berber dynasty, add Hammadid and Zirid territories (in present-day Algeria and Tunisia) to their realm (1152–60).
		Religious reformation is integral to Almohad establishment, and their courts in Marrakesh and Sevilla become centers of Islamic learning.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/07/nfw/ht07nfw.htm (516 words)

	Jawhar as-Siqilli - Best of Sicily Magazine
		From this rather humble rank he eventually became a military adviser and, finally, a visir, a kind of Fatimid general.
		With the allied Zirids, the Fatimids under Jawhar conquered Moroccan lands to the west, expanding to Fez and then the Atlandic coast.
		Cordoba's Umayyads retained control of the important centers of Sabtah (Ceuta), birthplace of Abdullah al Idrisi, and Tangier.
	www.bestofsicily.com /mag/art211.htm (480 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - All Serve Me
		The Zirids were a fearsome tribe of Berber’s that ruled over what would later be called Algiers, but which they called Ifriqiyah.
		Murtaza was forced to lead his Zirid’s east, to Egypt, hoping that his remaining forces would be enough to deter a Norman invasion.
		Marshall Roger’s plan was simple — to eliminate the Zirids ability to mount a force capable of defending against a future Norman assault on Sicily.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=151412 (4452 words)

	10th Century Islamic History
		972: Buluggin b Ziri founds the rule of the Zirids Algeria.
		984: Death of the Zirid ruler Buluggin, accession of Mansur.
		996: Death of the Zirid ruler Mansur, accession of Nasir ud Daula Badis.
	www.angelfire.com /ak4/Archive1/10Century.html (641 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		During the 4th century the town was destroyed as the result of an uprising, but rebuilt by the Emperor Constantine who gave the city its modern name.
		Constantine was captured by Abu'l Muhajir from Kairouan in the 8th century and came under the domination of a succession of North African dynasties: the Zirids, Hammadids, Almohads and Hafsids, falling to the Ottomans in the 16th century.
		Over the centuries of Muslim rule, Constantine became a bastion of Islam and its inhabitants repelled the French for seven years after their occupation of Algiers, until the city was finally captured in 1837.
	www.arab.net /algeria/aa_constantine.htm (245 words)

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