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Topic: Zonal (Earth sciences)

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	CONK! Encyclopedia: Category:Earth_sciences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Earth science (also known as geoscience, the geosciences, or the Earth Sciences), is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth.
		It is arguably a special case in planetary science, being the only known life-bearing planet known to homo sapien.
		There are both reductionist and holistic approaches to Earth science.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Category:Earth_sciences (72 words)

	Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center - Glossary
		The hydrologic cycle is responsible for 25 to 30 percent of the mid-latitudes' heat transport from the equatorial to polar regions.
		The process whereby lateral transport at the Earth's surface from erosion or deposition is compensated for by movements in a subcrustal layer to maintain equilibrium among units of varying masses and densities.
		A zonal circulation of the atmosphere confined to equatorial regions and driven principally by the oceanic temperature gradient.
	cdiac.ornl.gov /pns/glossary.html (10943 words)

	Early conceptions (from Earth) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The definition of the figure of the Earth—i.e., its size and shape—usually does not involve the description of mountains and valleys but, rather, the size and shape of the mean sea-level surface and its continuation under the land.
		The studies of the solid Earth and the water on and within it and the air around it are called Earth sciences.
		Included in the Earth sciences are the geological, the hydrological, and the atmospheric sciences, which are concerned respectively with the nature and behavior of the Earth itself, the water, and the air.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9316?tocId=9316 (888 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Mission to Planet Earth: Space Science in the Twenty-First Century -- Imperatives for the Decades ...
		For this reason problems of earth science cannot be reduced to fundamental elements analogous to the energetic particles of mod- ern physics or the DNA components of modern biology.
		The decay of the radioactive isotopes of potassium,
		A continuing challenge to the earth and plan- etary sciences is to account for the profoundly unique attributes of the Earth in the context of the common processes that have shaped the formation and evolution of the solar system.
	www.nap.edu /openbook/0309038901/html/16.html (8000 words)

	Zonal (Earth sciences) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In geography, geophysics, and meteorology, zonal usually means "along a latitude circle", i.e.
		In atmospheric sciences the zonal coordinate is denoted by x, and the zonal wind speed by u.
		This page was last modified 15:04, 10 June 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zonal (64 words)

	What On Earth - A Canadian Newsletter for the Earth Sciences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Igneous rocks were covered in What On Earth 2002 Fall issue and the Sedimentary rocks in the Spring issue of 2003.
		This pressure may be directed by tectonism or other large-scale Earth movements and rocks that are stressed or sheared, for example along faults, often show localised (cataclastic) metamorphism.
		These diagnostic zonal minerals are illustrated on the second line of the centre-fold in this issue.
	www.science.uwaterloo.ca /earth/whaton/f03_metamorphic.html (2113 words)

	Introduction to Earth Sciences (ES121)
		In a high pressure system, descending air is compressed and warmed; therefore, cloud formation and precipitation are unlikely in an anticyclone, and "fair" weather is usually expected.
		Earth's global pressure zones include the equatorial low, subtropical high, subpolar low, and polar high.
		In winter, large, cold landmasses develop a seasonal high-pressure system from which surface air flow is directed off the land.
	www2.una.edu /physics/ES121/ES121_chap_17_summary.htm (722 words)

	The Wind Is Blowing, The Earth Is Rotating
		The Earth rotates non-uniformly, its poles move, and the rotation axis fluctuates in space.
		In 1879, the Earth rotated at the highest speed when the earthday was 0.003 seconds shorter than the reference day, and in 1903, the speed was the lowest (the earthday exceeded the reference day by 0.004 seconds).
		They depend on positional relationship of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun, tides, seasonal redistribution of air mass and moisture between mainlands and oceans, and also between the northern and the southern hemispheres.
	innovations-report.com /html/reports/earth_sciences/report-40760.html (663 words)

	Course 12: Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
		Climate history of the Earth from the formation of the early atmosphere and ocean to the present.
		Introduces concepts of nebular condensation, meteorites and their parent bodies, origin and evolution of the moon, planetary differentiation, formation and evolution of the Earth's mantle and crust, and magmatism in ocean basins.
		Zonally averaged budgets of heat, momentum, and water vapor.
	student.mit.edu /catalog/m12c.html (3003 words)

	Courses Earth Sciences
		EARTH 121/122 or GEO E 126 is normally regarded as a prerequisite for any Major program in Earth Sciences.
		Normally, all those enrolled in Honours Earth Sciences programs are required to take a two-week field camp at the end of the third year (EARTH 390).
		Regular Earth Sciences students are encouraged to seek geological employment in the summers.
	www.ucalendar.uwaterloo.ca /9798/COURSE/course-EARTH.html (1708 words)

	Gary A Glatzmaier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		At the surface of the model Earth, the simulated magnetic field has an intensity, an axial dipole dominated structure, and a westward drift of the non-dipolar structure that are all similar to the Earth's.
		Gary and his graduate students are currently focused on the internal magnetohydrodynamics of giant planets and the sun.
		A recent dynamo simulation of Saturn maintains a banded zonal wind profile on the surface and a dipole dominated magnetic field, both similar to that measured on Saturn.
	es.ucsc.edu /~glatz (322 words)

	Encyclopedia: Zonal (Earth sciences) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Geophysics, the study of the earth by quantitative physical methods, especially by seismic reflection and refraction, gravity, magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, and radioactivity methods.
		Atmospheric sciences is an umbrella term for the study of the atmosphere, its processes, the effects other systems have on the atmosphere, and the effects of the atmosphere on these other systems.
		Wind speed is the speed of movement of air relative to a fixed point on the earth.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Zonal-%28Earth-sciences%29 (238 words)

	Geophysicist to Address Future of Earth Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A geophysicist who helped explain many of the basic physical processes that shape the earth now says that earth scientists increasingly must turn to a new field for answers: geochemistry.
		Throughout his career, Dan McKenzie, a Cambridge professor, has applied the laws of physics to solve several fundamental problems in the earth sciences--from the movement of earth's great crustal plates to the deformation of continents.
		He showed how the earth's rigid plates move over a sphere and how heat flow in the earth's upper layers determines the structure of mid-ocean ridges.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/record/archives/vol21/vol21_iss9/record2109.29.html (477 words)

	Courses Earth Sciences
		This course introduces the science of hydrology, emphasizing the hydrologic cycle and the interactions that are of enviornmental significance.
		The role of groundwater in the hydrologic cycle is explored with emphasis on natural groundwater flow systems and their influence on stream flow, emphasizing laboratory and field techniques for practise with data interpretation.
		Depending on availability of space, EARTH 490 as a non-credit field course is also open to students who do not require this course in their program.
	www.adm.uwaterloo.ca /infoucal/0102/COURSE/course-EARTH.html (2058 words)

	Earth Sciences and Geography : Keele University
		In collaboration with Dr. Floyd (formerly of the Earth Science Dept) variation diagrams were devised, using trace element ratios normally unaffected by metamorphism, to enable characterization of metamorphosed magmatic rocks.
		Following detailed local studies in Moine amphibolites and Grampian Group metasedimentary rocks of the Scottish Caledonides, a substantial programme of geochemical analysis was undertaken for chemostratigraphical correlation of Dalradian and pre-Dalradian metamorphic rocks in the NW Mayo basement inlier in Ireland, substantially funded by the Geological Survey of Ireland.
		Science faculty representative on the Foundation Year Committee and Subsidiary Examinations Board to 1997.
	www.esci.keele.ac.uk /people/staff/jaw/jaw2.html (1735 words)

	The Earth Institute at Columbia University
		A new study released this week in the online edition of Science suggests that tree diversity in tropical forests plays a crucial role in determining how much carbon these natural storehouses are able to hold, as well as their ability to provide other important ecosystem services such as preventing erosion.
		Jeffrey D. Sachs, director of The Earth Institute, was interviewed in this six-part series on the most critical and emerging threats to global public health, chronicling the leaders who, against all odds, deliver the goods.
		Won-Young Kim, a senior research scientist with the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, said a possible cause of recent seismic activity could be the effects of the glaciers that receded and created the Great Lakes more than 14,000 years ago.
	www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu (505 words)

	Earth -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Earth deforms because it has a certain degree of elasticity; were it perfectly rigid, there would be no Earth tides.
		Unlike the variety of female fertility deities called mother goddesses (q.v.), the Earth Mother is not a specific source of vitality who must periodically undergo sexual intercourse.
		The designation of earth for these elements comes from the Middle Ages when alchemists referred to many substances that were insoluble in water and unchanged by...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9106190 (875 words)

	Courses Earth Sciences
		This includes examining the effects of volcanic gases and dust and other aerosols; tracing the sources and impacts of metals and other naturally occurring geological materials in the Earth's hydrosphere and crust; geology and the bioaccumulation of metals; and distinguishing natural versus anthropogenic processes on the geochemical distribution of toxic material in the near-surface environment.
		Prereq: (EARTH 121,121L, 122, 122L) or (EARTH 126 or GEOE 126 or CIVE 153 or 253)
		Depending on availability of space, EARTH 390 is also open to students who do not require this course in their plan.
	www.adm.uwaterloo.ca /infoucal/COURSE/course-EARTH.html (2018 words)

	Zonal (Earth sciences) - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Zonal (Earth sciences) - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 15:04, 10 Jun 2005.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Zonal (Earth sciences) contains research on
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Zonal (78 words)

	[No title]
		The Khuff Formation of central Saudi Arabia varies in lithology from south to north with the outcrops south of 23o 30’N characterised by siliciclastics whereas north of this latitude mixed siliciclastics and carbonate facies dominate.
		The present model of sabkha formation in Rabigh area is useful in interpretation of similar recent and ancient evaporites on the Saudi Egyptian sides of the Red Sea with respect to their mineralogy, texture, structure, paleonlimate and paleohydrology.
		The Khuff Formation (Late Permian Age) in the central part of Saudi Arabia consists of siliciclastics south of latitude 23o 30’ N, but to the north this facies is changed to shallow marine thick sequence of dolomites, dolomitic limestone and limestone intercalated with shale and marls with a thickness ranging between 70 to 101 m.
	www.kaau.edu.sa /mbasyoni/seerah.htm (3471 words)

	International Plant Taphonomy Meeting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Biogeochemistry Research Centre, Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ Plant material may be preserved as fossil charcoal, macromolecular organic remains, or as a result of the formation of authigenic minerals.
		Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK Abstract The environmental impact of CFB volcanism across K-T boundary in India is being assessed.
		High bio-diversity was characteristic of transitional and zonal vegetations (better drained and more nutritous soils) and may have led to a high net primary production of biomass, but this does not necessarily mean that lots of plant derived organic matter has been preserved in the sediments (except soil humus).
	www.uni-wuerzburg.de /mineralogie/tapho/leeds.html (4822 words)

	NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), at Columbia University in New York City, is a laboratory of the Earth-Sun Exploration Division of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and a unit of the Columbia University Earth Institute.
		Earth is absorbing about 0.85 Watts of energy per square meter more than it radiates back to space, and a sizable chunk of that excess energy is "hiding" in the oceans.
		New findings show soot may be contributing to changes near the North Pole, including increased melting of sea ice and snow and warmer atmospheric temperatures.
	www.giss.nasa.gov (378 words)

	Graduate Programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Department of Earth Science offers the Master of Science Degree and Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Geology with opportunities for concentrated studies in structural geology/tectonics, igneous petrology/geochemistry/economic geology, hydrogeology and environmental geology, stratigraphy/sedimentology, paleobiology, geophysics/paleomagnetics and remote sensing/geographic information systems.
		Minority applicants to graduate programs in Earth Sciences at FIU are eligible for one-time awards of $1,300 under this program.
		African-American applicants to graduate programs in Earth Sciences at FIU are eligible for this fellowship, which provides full support for doctoral studies (fee waivers plus stipend).
	www.fiu.edu /org/geology/graduateprograms.html (2857 words)

	Press Release: From Geophysics to Geochemistry: Trend in Earth Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Throughout his career Dan McKenzie, a Cambridge University professor, has applied the laws of physics to solve several fundamental problems in earth sciences--from the movement of earth's great crustal plates to the deformation of continents.
		"About 30 years ago, the earth sciences were taken over by physicists, who believed that they could use physical ideas and measurements to understand how the earth behaves," Professor McKenzie says.
		The Jardetzky lecture was established in 1992 by Dr. Jardetzky's son, Oleg, who is director of the Magnetic Resonance Laboratory and professor of pharmacology at Stanford University.
	www.ccnmtl.columbia.edu /cu/pr/95/18756.html (554 words)

	Course Descriptions - Department of Earth Sciences
		The principles of paleontology with particular stress on the species concept and evolution; examples will be drawn primarily from the fossil record of plants and vertebrates.
		Introduction to the principles of probability and statistics and their application in the earth sciences.
		Prereq: CS 102, one of EARTH 359 or 458, or equivalent.
	www.ucalendar.uwaterloo.ca /9596/COURSE/course-EARTH.html (1644 words)

	2004PhD Abstracts; Earth Sciences, Lausanne
		These detailed accounts are integrated in a wider paleogeographic framework (litterature survey and original observations) so as to sketch a revised and uniform stratigraphic scale at the substage and zonal level for the studied interval.
		The calculated amounts of interstitial liquid L vary between 0 and 35% for degrees of differentiation F of 0 to 45%, relative to the least evolved facies of the intrusion.
		It is the greatest of all extinctions in the Phanerozoic with a mass mortality in the marine environment (up to 96% of species, 83% of genera and 55% of families) and a nearly equally large loss of life on land.
	www-sst.unil.ch /publications/abst_phd04.htm (4322 words)

	Selected Publications
		The overview is followed by a debate by philosophers of science and then discussion of the scientific foundations of Gaian theory and the particular mechanisms involved.
		Interdisciplinary researchers or those in any discipline, be it meteorology, anthropology, agricultural science, astronomy, biology, chemistry, physics, geography, policy analysis, economics, engineering, geology, ecology, or history of climate, are invited to submit articles, provided the articles are of interdisciplinary interest.
		This means that authors have an opportunity to communicate the essence of their studies to people in other climate related disciplines and to interested laypersons, as well as to report on research in which the originality is in the combinations of (not necessarily original) work from several disciplines.
	stephenschneider.stanford.edu /Publications/Publications.html (3563 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It was designed to test the space-worthiness of the new capsule and to gather data about flights in circumterrestrial space.
		Zond 5, a member of the Soviet Union's Zond program, was launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (68-076B) in Earth parking orbit to make scientific studies during a lunar flyby and to return to Earth.
		The announced objectives were investigations of the moon and circumlunar space and testing of onboard systems and units.
	www.hostingciamca.com /browse.php?title=Z/Z/ZON (1993 words)

	Earth Sciences Internet Links
		Earth Observation Quarterly - A publication of the European Space Agency, this site includes full text articles from June, 1994 to current.
		A Comprehensive Glossary of Weather Terms for Storm Spotters - From the National Severe Storms Laboratory, a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environmental Research Laboratory, definitions from AC to Zonal Flow.
		Ocean Models - Part of the Computational Education Science Project, which is designed for students in science and engineering at the advanced undergraduate level and higher, this site "outline[s] the hydrodynamic and numerical foundations upon which the current ocean models rest..." Models include: Barotropic, Reduced Gravity, Mixed-Layer, Sigma-Coordinate, and Tidal.
	www.tarleton.edu /~library/earthsci_il.html (870 words)

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