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	Zond program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name "Zond" (meaning "probe" in Russian) is the name given to two series of Soviet unmanned space missions from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and test spacecraft.
		After two failures, Zond 3 was sent on a test mission, photographing the far side of the Moon (only the second spacecraft to do so) and continuing out to the orbit of Mars in order to test telemetry and spacecraft systems.
		The unmanned circumlunar Zond 5 flight in September 1968 was part of the reason NASA flew Apollo 8 to the moon in December 1968 instead of the Earth orbital test which had been planned, because the CIA believed the Russians were planning a human flight next.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zond_program (376 words)

	Zond 1 -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Zond 1, a member of the Soviet (Click link for more info and facts about Zond program) Zond program, was the second Soviet research spacecraft to successfully reach position Venus.
		A slow leak from a cracked sensor window caused the spacecraft to depressurize.
		It contained experiments for chemical analysis of the atmosphere, gamma-ray measurments of surface rocks, a photometer, temperature and pressure gauges, and a motion/rocking sensor in case it landed in water.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/z/zo/zond_1.htm (142 words)

	Zond
		Zond 4 (Zond 1-3 were versions of unmanned probes to Venus and had nothing to do with the circumlunar Zond's) was launched into a high (330,000 km apogee) orbit 180 degrees away from the moon.
		Zond 7 was originally scheduled for early December of 1968.
		Zond 8 was flown as a purely research circumlunar mission in October of 1970.
	www.worldspaceflight.com /russia/zond.htm (247 words)

	[14.0] International Endurance UAVs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Eagle 1 is a straightforward derivative of the IAI Heron, but has a bulbous nose like that of the US Global Hawk and a belly fairing, presumably for a SAR.
		Zond 1 and 2 are similar designs, along the lines of the US Global Hawk.
		Zond 3 is more along the lines of the US Predator, with a pusher propeller and inverted vee tail.
	www.vectorsite.net /twuav14.html (1545 words)

	Zond Missions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The Zond Program was one of two lunar exploration programs conducted by the Soviet Union to investigate the Moon and its vicinity.
		While the Zond program is considered here as a lunar program, it should be noted that Zond 1 was sent in the direction of Venus and Zond 2 in the direction of Mars.
		Although the majority of the Zond flights were oriented toward gathering information about the techniques and technologies needed to get astronauts to the Moon and back safely, they did collect other information of scientific interest.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /expmoon/zond/zond.html (170 words)

	Chronology - 1967 - Quarter 1
		The designation AS-204 was used by NASA for the flight at the time; the designation Apollo 1 was applied retroactively at the request of Grissom's widow.
		References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 273, 274.
		Variant 1 would involve launch of two spacecraft, with transfer of one to two crew to the translunar spacecraft in earth orbit.
	www.astronautix.com /chrono/19671.htm (5410 words)

	Jodrell Bank's role in early space tracking activities - Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Zond 1 was launched on 2 April 1964 but no target was given for the flight.
		A Zond was launched in the direction of the moon at 2301:57 UT on 22 April 1968 (42).
		Zond 6 was launched at 1911:31 UT on 10 November 1968, rounded the Moon at a distance of 2420 km on 14 November and on 17 November it made a skip-lob re-entry into Soviet airspace.
	www.jb.man.ac.uk /public/story/tracking/jodrole2.htm (6397 words)

	Zond Lunar Imagery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The Zond series of lunar and planetary spacecraft began as a Soviet attempt to reach Mars (Zonds 1-3).
		Unlike the other Zond missions that imaged the moon, Zond 3 transmitted its images back after scanning them onboard from the original film exposures The image to the right hs been extensively cleaned up.
		Zond 3 continued beyond the orbit of Mars, where it retransmitted its lunar imagery to test communications for future Mars missions (Zond 2 was a failed Mars mission).
	pages.preferred.com /~tedstryk/zond.html (236 words)

	Space Stamp of the Day Archive- 1965
		Zond 1 was launched towards Venus in April 1964.
		Instead, Zond 3 was sent in mid 1965 on a trajectory out to the distance of Mars' orbit, but not where Mars was because Mars could no longer be reached.
		Zond 4 tested the spacecraft systems used for Zond 5, but was sent intentionally in a direction opposite the Moon.
	members.aol.com /nyrocketscience/space/1965/1965.htm (3436 words)

	Jodrell Bank's role in early space tracking activities
		Luna 1 was launched from Baikonur at 1641:25 UT on 2 January 1959 and was intended to hit the moon, but missed its target by 6400 km because of "a human error in calibrating a direction finder" (12).
		In (1) and (58) Sir Bernard describes that when Moscow announced the launching of Luna 2 he was playing cricket (he was the skipper of the village team in neighbouring Chelford).
		On 1 November 1959 a telegram was sent to AN USSR asking for "co-ordinates for the next transmission from Luna 3", and the first batch of tapes of signals from Luna 2 and 3 were sent to Prof.
	www.svengrahn.pp.se /trackind/jodrell/jodrole1.htm (7187 words)

	Chronology of Space Exploration
		Viking 2 lander used Viking 1 orbiter as a communications relay, and had to be shut down at the same time as the orbiter on August 7, 1980.
		Between Vega 1 and 2, downward gusts of 1 meter/second were encountered and wind velocities of up to 240 kilometers/hour.
		Phobos 1 was sent to investigate the Martian moon Phobos.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/craft1.htm (7245 words)

	R-7 family of launchers and ICBMs
		The 6,425-kilogram Foton-M No. 1 was to be the first Russian orbital science mission, since the Koronas-F solar-research satellite entered orbit on July 31, 2001.
		As NASA mourned the fallen crew of the Space Shuttle Columbia, tragically lost on Feb. 1, 2003, Russia launched a cargo ship to resupply the crew of the International Space Station, ISS.
		The AMOS 2, which is scheduled to operate in space for 12 years, joined the AMOS 1 satellite, which was launched by the Ariane rocket in 1996.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /soyuz_lv.html (3924 words)

	[2.0] The Exploration Of The Moon (1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		A different class of probe, "Zond (Probe) 3", was launched on 18 July 1965 and sent back photos of the lunar farside as it went into solar orbit.
		It was a Venera 3MV-1 planetary flyby probe, the same type of spacecraft that had been used for a Venus shot ("Zond 1") and a Mars shot ("Zond 2"), both of which were unsuccessful and which are discussed in later chapters.
		The mission was publicly announced as "Zond 4", just as if it were a follow-up to the three Venera 3MV-1 shots designated Zond, as a cover to help conceal that it was a test flight for a manned lunar orbit mission.
	www.vectorsite.net /taxpl_02.html (6610 words)

	Accurate Locators - Zond: Ground Penetrating Radar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The Zond GPR is a powerful combination of Ground Penetrating Radar and computer software.
		The Zond is capable of reaching targets with depths of up to 30 meters!* Multiple antennas available.
		The Zond Ground Penetrating Radar is primarily suited for geophysical surveying and locating buried utilities.
	www.accuratelocators.com /zond_index.html (186 words)

	NEWS - S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET & SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA
		The young specialist was often sent on business trips to the Special Design Bureau 1 which was working on the first long-range ballistic missiles in our country.
		In 1967 Yuri Semenov becomes the lead designer for manned spacecraft 7K-L1 (Zond) developed to test the technology for returning to Earth a spacecraft flying with escape velocity, and for manned lunar fly-by.
		The results of this program were the first photographs of Earth as seen from the Moon, and umanned Zond-5 (1968) flew around the Moon and its descent vehicle splashed down in the Indian Ocean.
	www.energia.ru /english/energia/management/news_18-04-05.html (2257 words)

	Soviet Operational Missiles and Rockets
		SS-17 / SS-17 mod 1 - with 4 (300 Kt to 500 Kt) MIRV;
		SS-19 / SS-19 mod 1 - with 6 (550 Kt) MIRV;
		SS-24 / SS-24 mod 1 - with 10 (100 Kt ?, 300 Kt to 500 Kt ?, 500 Kt ?
	www.ais.org /~schnars/aero/sopm-cod.htm (4586 words)

	The Ultimax Group's Venus Exploration Atlas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Radar mapper @ ~1 km res, arrived in 24-hr circumvenusian orbit on 10Oct1983, mapped northern hemisphere.
		Radar mapper @ ~1 km res arrived in 24-hr circumvenusian orbit on 14Oct1983, mapped northern hemisphere.
		Additional reading about the Soviets' superb luck on Venus (as opposed to their paradoxically awful luck on Mars) can be found at "The Soviets and Venus" by Larry Klaes of the Boston NSS chapter: EJASA Feb 1993, EJASA Mar 1993, and EJASA Apr 1993.
	www.ultimax.com /resource/venus.html (1510 words)

	TAS, Solar System, Links
		However, missions that took place prior to the advent of the World Wide Web have been extensively catalogued by the NSSDC, so head over to the NSSDC Chronology of Lunar and Planetary Exploration for information on older missions.
		Zond 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (1965 - 1970)
		Mars 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (1962 - 1973)
	www.tivas.org.uk /solsys/tas_solsys_links.html (210 words)

	The US Deep Space Intelligence Collection Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		(1) (2), both written by James D. Burke and dealing with the system for collecting intelligence about Soviet deep space missions by monitoring telemetry signals.
		During the flights of Zond 1 and 2 the US system still was not able to track in deep space, but did track just after injection.
		Asmara also tracked Luna 6, but missed Zond 3 because it did not obtain a "fix" during injection, with which to determine the trajectory further away from the earth.
	www.kagnewstation.com /documents/deepspace (946 words)

	Inner Planets
		On 19-20 May 1961, Venera 1 passed within 100,000 km of Venus and entered a heliocentric orbit.
		The lander did reach the surface and transmit data, however a strong wind jolt activated the experiments 20 km above the surface and no results were provided.
		Vega 1 continued on for a flyby of Halley's comet (6 March 1986).
	www.worldspaceflight.com /probes/inner.htm (909 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Space - Exploration Timeline
		The USSR launched the first manned space flight, Vostok 1, which orbited the Earth once.
		The USSR achieved a Venus flyby, but lost contact with its spacecraft, the Venera 1.
		The USA were the first to achieve a successful flyby of Venus and of Mars with Mariner 2 and Mariner 4 respectively.
	www.bbc.co.uk /science/space/exploration/missiontimeline/1960s.shtml (149 words)

	Dale's Web Site at FlavorJ - Space History
		1959; USSR; Luna 1 was launched to the Moon and solar orbit, became the first craft to leave the Earth's gravity.
		1968; USSR; Zond 4 was launched to the Moon for an unknown purpose.
		1964; USSR; Zond 1 was launched to Venus (contact was lost in a few weeks).
	www.flavorj.com /~skysea/SpaceHistory.htm (4669 words)

	Milestones of space exploration in the 20th century
		January: The Smithsonian Institution publishes Goddard's "A Method of Attaining Extreme Altitudes," which was misinterpreted by the press as a proposal for a rocket flight to the Moon.
		March 1: Tikhomirov's rocket development lab is established in Moscow.
		May 1: US Navy conducts a test launch of the Vanguard rocket.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /chronology_XX.html (4012 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Pick up Solar Panel (Position 1) AFTER solving Square Surfaces' Puzzle (Puzzle #7) You must drink the coffee left on your thermos and fill it up with the dripping fuel (Position 4).
		In the Left Set, once the Zond (Position 2) is exposed, you can pick up the Zond's Battery (Position 4) (There is a detailed Zond Description (AUDIO is currently missing) hidden inside the LAB's Special Computer Terminal in Scene 30).
		Or You can engage in battle with Lyzy; right now, your shooting is disable by her and your only chance to win is to APPLY the container with Ammonia on the Bio-Computer Mouth (Position 1) during the battle with Lyzy (One Type of Ending).
	www.gamerzone.com /pc/huygens.txt (3444 words)

	Astrobiology: The Living Universe - Mars Exploration
		When the Russians launched their probe Mars 1, the Americans thought they'd been beaten to it, but Mars 1 lost contact with Earth mid-way in its journey to Mars and was not found since then so NASA had a second change.
		Hot on their heels, NASA launched Mariner 3 (named after Mariner 1 and 2 which were sent to Venus) to Mars in 1962.
		Unluckily for the Russians, in a repeat of Mars 1, Zond 2 was lost.
	www.ibiblio.org /astrobiology/index.php?page=mars02 (1784 words)

	International Assessment and Strategy Center > Research > Report on the 5th Airshow China
		This year’s show offered three main themes: 1) the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) aerospace sector exhibits growing over-capacity and redundancy but shows no lack of government funding; 2) greater creativity is being derived from increased internal competition and industrial cooperation; and 3) manned and unmanned space programs are receiving greater emphasis.
		That PLA is returning to produce this obsolete bomber very likely for two reasons: 1) it is needed to fulfill stand-off strike missions with new long-range cruise missiles and 2) pressures to complete preparations for a Taiwan war are so great as to justify new production.
		Guizhou officials claim a prototype could be ready in 1 to 3 years.
	www.strategycenter.net /research/pubID.54/pub_detail.asp (5273 words)

	Space Calendar - April, 1-10 \| VideoCosmos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Born Sergey Nikolaevich Anokhin - test pilot #1 of the USSR, cosmonaut of Special Design Bureau #1,made no missions, the instructor of SDB #1 cosmonaut team.
		Made one sub orbital and one space missions in 1961 and 1965 years.
		Second test flight of space vehicle "Zond" of complex "L-1" ended with accident of "Proton-K"/SL-12 booster.
	www.videocosmos.com /calendar-april0110.shtm (1457 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The data include proton, electron, and alpha particle count rate data from the extra-terrestrial mid-1960's Zond 1 and 3, the early 1970's Luna and Mars series, the Venera series starting in the mid-1960's and extending 20 years, Vega 1 and 2 of the mid-1980's, and the Phobos 2 spacecraft of 1988-89.
		Time resolutions ranged from daily for the earliest Zond and Luna missions to 20 mins - 4 hours for later missions.
		The data from each of these missions are of sufficiently small volume that they fit in one mission-specific data file of 2 MB or less.
	www-ssc.igpp.ucla.edu /~editor/vol06no035_1.txt (318 words)

	Venus Scorecard
		The probe flew by Venus at a distance of 24,000 km on 1966 February 27, but the spacecraft system had ceased to operate before the planet was reached and returned no data.
		As if foreshadowing a "landing" on Mars almost exactly five years in the future, and following the lead of Venera 1, Venera 3 "landed" on Venus on 1966 March 1 making it the first probe to "land" on the surface of another planet.
		Arriving on 1982 March 1, the lander plunged into the Venusian atmosphere and relayed its data to the platform which, like the previous missions, flew past Venus into a heliocentric orbit.
	www.bio.aps.anl.gov /~dgore/fun/PSL/venusscorecard.html (2093 words)

	Space Today Online -- Lunar and Planetary Exploration Timeline
		Zond 3 - 18 Jul 1965 - Lunar Flyby
		Lunar Orbiter 1 - 10 Aug 1966 - Lunar Orbiter
		Zond 8 - 20 Oct 1970 - Lunar Flyby and Return to Earth
	www.spacetoday.org /History/ExplorationTimeline.html (2469 words)

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