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Topic: Zond 2

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	Zond 3
		Zond 3, a member of the Soviet Zond program, was launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik[?] (65-056B) earth orbiting platform towards the Moon and interplanetary space.
		The spacecraft design was similar to Zond 2[?], in addition to the imaging equipment it carried a magnetometer, ultraviolet (0.25 - 0.35 micron and 0.19 - 0.27 micron) and infrared (3 - 4 micron) spectrographs, radiation sensors[?] (gas-discharge and scintillation counters), a radiotelescope and a micrometeoroid instrument.
		It is believed that Zond 3 was initially designed as a companion spacecraft to Zond 2 to be launched to Mars during the 1964 launch window.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/zo/Zond_3.html (251 words)

	Soviet Craft - Zond
		Zond 4 was similar to the later Zond 5 in design: A cylindrical capsule approximately 4.5 meters in length and 2.2 to 2.72 meters in diameter, with two solar panels attached on opposite sides of the body spanning a total of about 9 meters.
		Zond 1968A is tentatively identified as an attempted test of the Zond lunar cabin, possibly planned as a lunar flyby and Earth return as was done later with the Zond 5 probe.
		Zond 7 was launched towards the moon from a mother spacecraft (69-067B) on a mission of further studies of the moon and circulmunar space, to obtain color photography of Earth and Moon from varying distances, and to flight test the spacecraft systems.
	burro.astr.cwru.edu /stu/advanced/20th_soviet_zond.html (1980 words)

	Zond
		Zonds 1 to 3 were 900-kg, Venera-class spacecraft sent to fly by Venus, Mars, and the Moon, respectively.
		Zonds 4 to 8, by contrast, were much larger, 5-ton vehicles derived from the Soyuz Earth orbital craft which formed an early stage of the Soviet Union’s L-1 project to send humans on circumlunar flight (see Russian manned Moon programs).
		Zond 7 looped around the Moon, sent back the first color photographs of the Moon by a Soviet spacecraft, and executed a perfect entry and landing to become the first totally successful flight of the L-1 program.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/Z/Zond.html (949 words)

	Zond program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zond (Зонд; meaning "probe") was the name given to two series of Soviet unmanned space missions from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and test spacecraft.
		After two failures, Zond 3 was sent on a test mission, photographing the far side of the Moon (only the second spacecraft to do so) and continuing out to the orbit of Mars in order to test telemetry and spacecraft systems.
		The unmanned circumlunar Zond 5 flight in September 1968 was part of the reason NASA flew Apollo 8 to the moon in December 1968 instead of the Earth orbital test which had been planned, because the CIA believed the Russians were planning a human flight next.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zond_program (396 words)

	Zond3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Zond 1 headed off towards Venus in 1964, and Zond 2 was despatched towards Mars later the same year.
		Zond 3 was prepared for launching during the 1964 Mars launch window.
		Although it had no specific target of exploration, Zond 3 proved to the Soviet Union, and the rest of the world, that its scientists were capable of building and operating an interplanetary craft.
	www.zarya.info /Diaries/Luna/Zond3.htm (282 words)

	Mission to Mars
		Like Mariner 4, Zond 2 was supposed to image the martian surface on a flyby trajectory.
		Zond 3 was put on a Mars trajectory and the Soviets announced that they would be conducting scientific research in interplanetary space.
		Zond 3 went into orbit around the Sun, and contact was maintained until March of 1966 when it was at a distance of more than 337 million miles from Earth.
	athena.cornell.edu /mars_facts/past_missions_60s.html (2114 words)

	Zond 2, the Soviet Mars mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,
		Zond 2 was a "secret" Soviet Mars mission.
		Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,Zond 2,
	www.geocities.com /marsterraforming/Zond2.html (125 words)

	Condon Report, Sec VI, Chap 2 -- Perception, Conception, Reporting
		In the case of Zond IV the two most lengthy unsolicited reports described the apparition as a cigar-shaped craft with a row of lighted windows and a fiery tail, while the correct identifications as a re-entry were short, in some cases recovered only by later solicitation of reports.
		Of course, the important question in a case such as the Zond IV re-entry is not the quality of the worst observations, but rather whether the observations taken together did define and clarify the phenomenon.
		To accept as many as 2% residual cases as examples of extraordinary aircraft, then, is to accept that an UFO could fly around the country in such a way as to be potentially visible to, or in the sky of, every citizen for 40 sec.
	ncas.sawco.com /condon/text/s6chap02.htm (8052 words)

	TPS: Exploring Mars: Past Missions to Mars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Controllers lost contact with Zond 2 after a mid-course correction maneuver while the spacecraft was on its way to Mars.
		Then, on September 3, 1976, the Viking 2 lander separated from the orbiter and touched down in the Utopia Planitia, on the opposite side of the planet and almost 1,500 kilometers closer to the north pole than Viking 1 (at roughly 47.27 degrees north, 225.99 degrees west).
		Phobos 2 was designed to orbit Mars and land two "hoppers" on the surface of Phobos.
	www.planetary.org /mars/missions-past.html (2776 words)

	Zond 1
		Zond 2 was launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (64-078A) in earth parking orbit towards Mars to test space-borne systems and to carry out scientific investigations.
		Zond 2 carried six electric rocket engines of plasma type that served as actuators of the attitude control system.
		The spacecraft flew by Mars on August 6, 1965, at a distance of 1500 km.
	library.thinkquest.org /19455/zond_1.htm (79 words)

	Zond 2 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zond-2 carried a phototelevision camera of the same type later used to photograph the Moon on Zond 3.
		Zond 2, a Mars 3MV-4A craft, was launched on November 30, 1964.
		Running on half power due to the loss of one of its solar panels, the spacecraft flew by Mars on August 6, 1965 at 5.62 km/s, 1,500 km away from the planet.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zond_2 (201 words)

	Mars
		Zond 2 flew by Mars on 6 August 1965 at a distance of 1500 km.
		Originally intended as a companion to Zond 2, the launch opportunity was missed and Zond 3 ended up doing a lunar flyby instead.
		Consists of an orbiter and a lander (Beagle 2) which was slated to land on 25 December 2003.
	www.worldspaceflight.com /probes/mars.htm (1158 words)

	Missions to the Moon - Explore the Cosmos \| The Planetary Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Luna 2 was the first spacecraft to land on another celestial body.
		Zond 3 took 25 images as it flew by the far side of the Moon and transmitted them back to Earth nine days later.
		Zond 6 was seen by Western powers as being the Soviet Union's final test before launching cosmonauts to the Moon.
	www.planetary.org /explore/topics/the_moon/missions.html (3706 words)

	Zond program (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The name "Zond" (meaning "probe" in Russian) is the name given to two series of Soviet unmanned space missions from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and test spacecraft.
		Proton-K rocket with Zond (7K-L1) circumlunar spacecraft (Baikonur) The missions 4 through 8 were test flights for manned circumlunar flight.
		The unmanned circumlunar Zond 5 flight in September 1968 was the reason NASA flew Apollo 8 to the Moon in December 1968 instead of the Earth orbital test which had been planned, because the CIA believed the Russians were planning a human flight next.
	zond-program.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (358 words)

	Mars 3MV-4A
		Zond 2 was launched from an earth parking orbit towards Mars to test space-borne systems and to carry out scientific investigations.
		Zond 3 was towards the moon and interplanetary space.
		Photo transmissions by facsimile were returned to earth from a distance of 2,200,000 km on July 29 and were retransmitted later from a distance of 31,500,000 km, thus proving the ability of the communications system.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/mar3mv4a.htm (454 words)

	TO-Mars: Interplanetary Mars Probes
		Mars 1960A -- Mars1960B -- Sputnik 29 -- Mars 1 -- Sputnik 31 -- Mariner 3 -- Mariner 4 -- Zond 2 -- Zond 3 -- Mariner 6 -- Mariner 7 -- Mars 1969A -- Mars 1969BA
		Mariner 8 -- Cosmos 419 -- Mars 2 -- Mars 3 -- Mariner 9 -- Mars 4 -- Mars 5 -- Mars 6 -- Mars 7 -- Viking 1 and 2
		The Viking 2 Lander touched down in Utopia Planitia at 48.3 N and 226.0 W. Viking 2 confirmed the data, which was gathered at the Viking 1 site.
	chapters.marssociety.org /toronto/Education/Probes.shtml (3452 words)

	Zond 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Zond 6 was launched on a lunar flyby mission from a parent satellite in Earth parking orbit.
		The spacecraft, which carried scientific probes including cosmic-ray and micrometeoroid detectors, photography equipment, and a biological payload, was a precursor to manned spaceflight.
		Zond 6 flew around the Moon on November 14, 1968, at a minimum distance of 2,420 kilometers (1,504 miles).
	www.solarviews.com /eng/zond6.htm (202 words)

	[FPSPACE] Re: A rover on the Zond 2 Mars lander?
		http://www.worldspaceflight.com/probes/mars.htm, http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1964-078C, and http://www.planetary.org/learn/missions/marsmissions.html state that Zond 2 was a flyby photographic mission with a small descent craft.
		Since Zond 2 was launched 2 days after Mariner 4 in 1964, there was no Mariner 4 atmospheric data for it to know.
		Mars 2 and 3, launched in the 1971 launch window, did have access to the Mariner 4 data (as well as any data from Mariners 6 and 7).
	www.internationalmediacentre.com /pipermail/fpspace/2005-June/016225.html (419 words)

	Jodrell Bank's role in early space tracking activities - Part 2
		The next launch, of Zond 4, took place at 1828 UT on 2 March 1968 and, strangely, it was launched on an elliptical orbit away from the moon.
		A Zond was launched in the direction of the moon at 2301:57 UT on 22 April 1968 (42).
		Zond 6 was launched at 1911:31 UT on 10 November 1968, rounded the Moon at a distance of 2420 km on 14 November and on 17 November it made a skip-lob re-entry into Soviet airspace.
	www.svengrahn.pp.se /trackind/jodrell/jodrole2.htm (6381 words)

	Zond mission profiles
		Another very odd conclusion is that the first Zond attempts were clearly aimed at the Moon, and then, all of a sudden, Soviet mission planners became cautious and launched Zond 4 away from the Moon just to test communications and re-entry techniques.
		All Zond flights are tightly grouped near the minimum opening angle while the Sample-return missions cluster near the maximum.
		The reason for choosing the minimum opening angle for the Zonds could be that this condition minimized the perturbations to the trajectory caused by the moon.
	www.svengrahn.pp.se /histind/Zondmiss/Zondmiss.htm (1178 words)

	New Ware Models 1/48 scale Zond Spacecraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Because of the failure of the Zond manned program to reach it’s objective, it’s existence became a state secret of the former Soviet Union, and no photos were seen of it in the west, prior to reentry, until a few years ago.
		The Zond was 4.88 meters in length, 2.72 meters maximum diameter, and weighed 5,680 kg.
		In Step 2, I left off the 2 small assemblies made up of resin parts R26 and PE parts P18 until the vehicle was finished, because once they are installed you can’t sit the model on it’s base or these parts will be broken off.
	www.myspacemuseum.com /newwarezond.htm (1320 words)

	NASA's Solar System Exploration: Multimedia: Gallery: Zond 2
		The spacecraft had six experimental low-thrust electrojet plasma ion engines that served as actuators of the attitude control system and could be used instead of the gas engines to maintain orientation.
		Zond 2 took a long curving trajectory towards Mars to minimize the relative velocity.
		The spacecraft flew by Mars on 6 August 1965 at a distance of 1500 km and a relative speed of 5.62 km/s.
	solarsystem.nasa.gov /multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID=1899 (207 words)

	Imaging Locators - Zond: Specs
		The Zond is capable of reaching targets with depths of up to 30 meters!* Multiple antennas available.
		(2) It is assumed that sounding is made in a soil whose relative dielectric permittivity is equal to 4 and specific attenuation is 1 to 2 dB/m.
		Depth of investigation is understood to be detection depth of a flat boundary with reflectance equal to 1.
	www.imaginglocators.com /zond_specs.html (253 words)

	Space Stamp of the Day Archive- 1965
		Zond 2 was launched towards Mars in November 1964.
		Instead, Zond 3 was sent in mid 1965 on a trajectory out to the distance of Mars' orbit, but not where Mars was because Mars could no longer be reached.
		Zond 4 tested the spacecraft systems used for Zond 5, but was sent intentionally in a direction opposite the Moon.
	members.aol.com /nyrocketscience/space/1965/1965.htm (3436 words)

	Soyuz 7K-L1
		Telemetry shows that engine number 4 of stage 2 never ignited, and after 3.9 seconds the remaining three engines were shut dwon by the SBN (Booster Safety System) and the SAS abort tower fired.
		Zond 6 took spectacular photos of the moon’s limb with the earth in the background.
		The L1 capsule is flown by An-12 from Bombay to Moscow.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/soyz7kl1.htm (18207 words)

	[2.0] The Exploration Of The Moon (1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A third was launched on 2 April and seemed to be on track, being named "Luna 4", but it missed the Moon by 8,200 kilometers, remaining in a very long elliptical Earth orbit.
		It was a Venera 3MV-1 planetary flyby probe, the same type of spacecraft that had been used for a Venus shot ("Zond 1") and a Mars shot ("Zond 2"), both of which were unsuccessful and which are discussed in later chapters.
		The mission was publicly announced as "Zond 4", just as if it were a follow-up to the three Venera 3MV-1 shots designated Zond, as a cover to help conceal that it was a test flight for a manned lunar orbit mission.
	www.vectorsite.net /taxpl_02.html (6610 words)

	The Moon
		It is believed Zond 3 was intended as a companion to the Zond 2 probe to Mars, but the launch window was missed.
		Zond 3 did get as far as the orbital distance of Mars, although no contact was made with Mars.
		As with Zond 5, the gyroscope became disabled and reentry was at 20G's.
	www.worldspaceflight.com /probes/themoon.htm (1666 words)

	Inventing The Interplanetary Probe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		For the 3MV missions, the KDU was outfitted and fueled for 2 corrective burns, with a maximum total impulse of 10,600 kgf-sec.
		Reduced to 2 or 6 atm, it is fed to microjets producing pulses of thrust for the attitude control system.
		Experiments were included for testing mechanical friction of gears, materials and lubricants in space, also included on later Zond and Luna missions in preparation for the complex rover and sample-return missions.
	www.mentallandscape.com /V_OKB1.htm (5869 words)

	Zond Missions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		While the Zond program is considered here as a lunar program, it should be noted that Zond 1 was sent in the direction of Venus and Zond 2 in the direction of Mars.
		Also, the later Zond missions (4-8) were tests for manned lunar missions as well as missions for collecting information about the Moon.
		Although the majority of the Zond flights were oriented toward gathering information about the techniques and technologies needed to get astronauts to the Moon and back safely, they did collect other information of scientific interest.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /expmoon/zond/zond.html (170 words)

	Space Missions
		Zond 2 carried same instruments as Mars 1.
		A malfunction of the on-board computer caused Earth to lose contact with Phobos 2, so that commands could not be given to release the 2 Landers to the Martian surface.
		The probes were released and were suppose to penetrate the Martian atmosphere and the Martian surface in the south polar region.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/mars/space_missions.html (1030 words)

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