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	Zond
		Zonds 1 to 3 were 900-kg, Venera-class spacecraft sent to fly by Venus, Mars, and the Moon, respectively.
		Zonds 4 to 8, by contrast, were much larger, 5-ton vehicles derived from the Soyuz Earth orbital craft which formed an early stage of the Soviet Union’s L-1 project to send humans on circumlunar flight (see Russian manned Moon programs).
		Zond 7 looped around the Moon, sent back the first color photographs of the Moon by a Soviet spacecraft, and executed a perfect entry and landing to become the first totally successful flight of the L-1 program.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/Z/Zond.html (955 words)

	Zond program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name "Zond" (meaning "probe" in Russian) is the name given to two series of Soviet unmanned space missions from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and test spacecraft.
		After two failures, Zond 3 was sent on a test mission, photographing the far side of the Moon (only the second spacecraft to do so) and continuing out to the orbit of Mars in order to test telemetry and spacecraft systems.
		The unmanned circumlunar Zond 5 flight in September 1968 was the reason NASA flew Apollo 8 to the moon in December 1968 instead of the Earth orbital test which had been planned, because the CIA believed the Russians were planning a human flight next.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zond_program (374 words)

	Luna Mission Summaries
		Zond 6 was launched on a lunar flyby mission from a parent satellite in Earth parking orbit.
		Zond 7 was launched towards the Moon from a mother spacecraft on a mission of further studies of the Moon and circulmunar space, to obtain color photography of the Earth and the Moon from varying distances, and to flight test the spacecraft systems.
		Zond 8 flew past the Moon on October 24, 1970, at a distance of 1,110.4 kilometers (690 miles) and obtained both fl and white and color photographs of the lunar surface.
	astro.if.ufrgs.br /solar/zondall.htm (711 words)

	Zond
		Zond 4 (Zond 1-3 were versions of unmanned probes to Venus and had nothing to do with the circumlunar Zond's) was launched into a high (330,000 km apogee) orbit 180 degrees away from the moon.
		Zond 7 was originally scheduled for early December of 1968.
		Zond 8 was flown as a purely research circumlunar mission in October of 1970.
	www.worldspaceflight.com /russia/zond.htm (247 words)

	Astronomy, Stars, Galaxy, Space, Big bang, Universe, Nebula, Cosmic, Planets, Spacecrafts, Probes, Nasa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Zond 5 was the first spacecraft to travel to the Moon and succesfully return to Earth.
		The Zond was a modified Soyuz spacecraft used in the preperation of a Soviet manned Moon landing.
		Zond 5 carried a cargo of turtles and other animals, which did not survive the rough re-entry at 10-15 G-forces.
	www26.brinkster.com /rfhubers/astronomy_zond.asp (167 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Zond 3, a member of the Soviet Zond program, was the first Zond spacecraft to successfully complete its mission (a Lunar flyby) and took a number of amazing photographs for its time, though it is believed that it was initially intended to fly by Mars with Zond 2 but missed its window.
		Zond 6, a member of the Soviet Union's Zond program, was launched on a lunar flyby mission from a parent satellite (68-101B) in Earth parking orbit.
		Zond 7, a member of the Soviet Union's Zond program and the only truly successful test of the Soyuz 7K-L1, was launched towards the Moon from a mother spacecraft (69-067B) on a mission of further studies of the Moon and circulmunar space, to obtain color photography of Earth and the Moon from var..
	www.hostingciamca.com /browse.php?title=Z/Z/ZON (1993 words)

	Zond 5 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zond 5, a member of the Soviet Union's Zond program, was launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (68-076B) in Earth parking orbit to make scientific studies during a lunar flyby and to return to Earth.
		The spacecraft was planned as a precursor to manned lunar spacecraft.
		This article was originally based on material from NASA (NSSDC) information on Zond 5
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zond_5 (189 words)

	zondL-1
		The Zond spacecraft consisted of an instrument module and a descent module.
		The majority of the Soviet Zond missions were designed as part of a stepped up program to put a cosmonaut on the moon.
		The mission was repeated in the Zond 6 flight, lasting from Nov. 10 to Nov. 17, 1968.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /spaceship/zondL-1.html (612 words)

	Soyuz 7K-L1
		There are to be 5 to 6 Soyuz flights, the first tests of the N1 heavy booster, the first docking in space.
		Mishin certified to MAP on 5 March that the Soyuz parachute system development is complete, but Tkachayev has dissented, saying that the system was unreliable and overweight (this from the same chief designer that certified the previous design as having an 0.999 reliability!).
		Zond 6 took spectacular photos of the moon’s limb with the earth in the background.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/soyz7kl1.htm (17481 words)

	Zond 7-K L1 Circumlunar Spacecraft
		Compare this to the LOK spacecraft which was built to carry a lunar landing crew to the moon.
		Zond spacecraft mated with it's Block D stage (under silver fairing) and core of Proton booster.
		Zond 5 is at the Energia Museum and Zond 7 is at Orevo.
	www.myspacemuseum.com /zond.htm (571 words)

	Zond Missions
		The Zond Program was one of two lunar exploration programs conducted by the Soviet Union to investigate the Moon and its vicinity.
		While the Zond program is considered here as a lunar program, it should be noted that Zond 1 was sent in the direction of Venus and Zond 2 in the direction of Mars.
		Although the majority of the Zond flights were oriented toward gathering information about the techniques and technologies needed to get astronauts to the Moon and back safely, they did collect other information of scientific interest.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /expmoon/zond/zond.html (170 words)

	Space Stamp of the Day Archive- 1965
		Instead, Zond 3 was sent in mid 1965 on a trajectory out to the distance of Mars' orbit, but not where Mars was because Mars could no longer be reached.
		Zond 4 tested the spacecraft systems used for Zond 5, but was sent intentionally in a direction opposite the Moon.
		Zond 5 caused a surprise in the West when the radio telescope at Jordrell Bank picked up human voices from it.
	members.aol.com /nyrocketscience/space/1965/1965.htm (3436 words)

	Surveyor 7
		Zond 5 was launched on September 14th, 1968, executed a loop around the Moon, and splash landed in the Indian Ocean on September 21st, 1958.
		Zond 5 was considered the first flight test of a precursor for a Soviet manned lunar spacecraft.
		Zond 6 was launched on November 10th, 1968, flew around the Moon, and landed back in the Soviet Union on November 17th, 1968.
	www.finetuning.com /articles/p7-507-a-brief-history-of-the-exploration-of-the-moon.html (446 words)

	United Space Alliance - Today in Space History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Lunar flyby missions (Luna 3, Zond 3, 6, 7, 8) obtained photographs of the lunar surface, particularly the limb and farside regions.
		The Zond 6, 7, and 8 missions circled the Moon and returned to Earth where they were recovered, Zond 6 and 7 in Siberia and Zond 8 in the Indian Ocean.
		The purpose of the photography experiments on the lunar landers (Luna 9, 13, 22) was to obtain closeup images of the surface of the Moon for use in lunar studies and determination of the feasibility of manned lunar landings.
	www.unitedspacealliance.com /calendar/pages/1121.htm (182 words)

	The Moon
		It is believed Zond 3 was intended as a companion to the Zond 2 probe to Mars, but the launch window was missed.
		Zond 3 did get as far as the orbital distance of Mars, although no contact was made with Mars.
		As with Zond 5, the gyroscope became disabled and reentry was at 20G's.
	www.worldspaceflight.com /probes/themoon.htm (1643 words)

	Jodrell Bank's role in early space tracking activities - Part 2
		The next launch, of Zond 4, took place at 1828 UT on 2 March 1968 and, strangely, it was launched on an elliptical orbit away from the moon.
		A Zond was launched in the direction of the moon at 2301:57 UT on 22 April 1968 (42).
		Zond 6 was launched at 1911:31 UT on 10 November 1968, rounded the Moon at a distance of 2420 km on 14 November and on 17 November it made a skip-lob re-entry into Soviet airspace.
	www.svengrahn.pp.se /trackind/jodrell/jodrole2.htm (6381 words)

	Zond program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The name Zond (meaning probe in Russian) is the name given to two series of Soviet Union unmanned space missions from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and test spacecraft.
		They were launched on the Proton rocket which was just powerful enough to send the Zond on a free return trajectory around the moon without going into lunar orbit (the same as Apollo 13 flew in its emergency abort).
		The circumlunar September 1968 Zond 5 flight was the reason NASA flew Apollo 8 to the moon in December 1968 instead of the Earth orbital test which had been planned, because the CIA believed the Russians were planning a human flight next.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Zond-program/Zond-program.html (317 words)

	[2.0] The Exploration Of The Moon (1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		A different class of probe, "Zond (Probe) 3", was launched on 18 July 1965 and sent back photos of the lunar farside as it went into solar orbit.
		It was a Venera 3MV-1 planetary flyby probe, the same type of spacecraft that had been used for a Venus shot ("Zond 1") and a Mars shot ("Zond 2"), both of which were unsuccessful and which are discussed in later chapters.
		The mission was publicly announced as "Zond 4", just as if it were a follow-up to the three Venera 3MV-1 shots designated Zond, as a cover to help conceal that it was a test flight for a manned lunar orbit mission.
	www.vectorsite.net /taxpl_02.html (6610 words)

	Astronomy Picture of the Day 9-27-03
		Equipped with television cameras and soil sampling experiments, the US Surveyor spacecraft were intended to determine if the lunar surface at chosen locations was safe for the planned Apollo landings.
		Surveyor 5 touched down on the inside edge of a small crater inclined at about 20 degrees.
		Zond 3 - Jul 18, 1965 - Flyby
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-chat/990530/posts (1870 words)

	Lunar L1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Zond motor - The Soyuz 7K-L1 rocket engine as developed for the circumlunar flights.
		It commanded shut down of the second stage engines 260 seconds in the flight, and the escape tower pulled the Zond away from the booster, for a safe recovery.
		Zond 8 flew past the moon on October 24, 1970, at a distance of 1,110.4 km and obtained both fl and white and colour photographs of the lunar surface.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/project/lunarl1.htm (2845 words)

	Encyclopedia: Zond 5
		Families See text Turtles are reptiles of the order Testudinata, most of whose body is shielded by a special bony shell developed from their ribs.
		Zond program Zond 4 (Soyuz 7K-L1) Zond 4, a member of the Soviet Zond program, was a short flight that was one of the first Soviet experiments towards manned spaceflight.
		Zond 6 (Soyuz 7K-L1) Zond 6, a member of the Soviet Unions Zond program, was launched on a lunar flyby mission from a parent satellite (68-101B) in Earth parking orbit.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Zond-5 (439 words)

	Zond 5 (908)
		Zond 5 is launched on schedule into a very accurate parking orbit (within 0.4 km of planned perigee, 0.2 km of apogee).
		After 56 minutes in orbit, the Block D fired again to put the spacecraft on translunar trajectory.
		References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 274, 296, 376.
	www.astronautix.com /details/zond5908.htm (314 words)

	'Zarya' - Soviet Lunar Exploration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The missions of Zond 4, Zond 5 and Zond 6, which took place during this time frame, are not included as they were tests of spacecraft to be used in the Soviet Union's piloted lunar exploration programme.
		Luna 5 (E-6-10) launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome by Molniya rocket into approx 150 x 225 kilometre orbit around the Earth at 64.8 degrees inclination - its mission is to soft land a camera module onto the lunar surface
		Zond 3 passes 9,200 kilometres behind the Moon and takes a series of 25 photographs of the far side and later transmits them to Earth - it then continues into orbit around the Sun
	www.zarya.info /Diaries/Luna/Proof.htm (2061 words)

	Russian manned lunar programs
		But whereas the Apollo program unfolded in a blaze of publicity, details of the Eastern aspect of the Moon race only began to emerge with the advent of Perestroika and the subsequent breakup of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s.
		The L-1 program was aimed at a manned circumlunar loop without a landing, and involved the use of unmanned Zond craft to flight validate the hardware.
		However, unmanned L-1 spacecraft traveled to the Moon five times from 1968 through 1970 as Zonds 4 to 8.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/R/Russian_manned_Moon.html (746 words)

	Clavius: Bibliography - review: a funny thing happened on the way to the moon
		Zond 5 flew turtles around the moon and back in 1968, returning the turtles alive and safe to Mother Russia -- without six feet of lead (Figures 3, 4).
		A Funny Thing argues that Apollo was a grand deception to fool the Soviets, but fails to answer why the Soviets would have believed a thin-hulled spacecraft safely passed through radiation they themselves had measured.
		The answer, as usual, is that neither Sibrel nor any of his conspiracist colleagues knows the first thing about protecting spacecraft and crews in space.
	www.clavius.org /bibfunny2.html (1107 words)

	Chronology of Space Exploration
		Ranger 5 was to be a lander but became a flyby because of a spacecraft failure.
		Zond 5 - USSR Lunar Flyby - 5,375 kg - (September 14, 1968)
		Along with Venera 5, atmospheric data was returned indicating an atmosphere composed of 93-97% carbon dioxide, 2-5% nitrogen, and less than 4% oxygen.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/craft1.htm (7245 words)

	Zond 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Zond 1, a member of the Soviet Zond program, was the second Soviet research spacecraft to successfully reach position Venus.
		A slow leak from a cracked sensor window caused the spacecraft to depressurize.
		The spacecraft, a Venera 3MV-1, was launched on April 4, 1964 from Baikonur Cosmodrome, communications failed by May 14, and it achieved orbit around the sun 100,000km from Venus on July 14 of that year.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Zond-program/Zond-1.html (159 words)

	Lunar L1
		03 October 1968 Zond 5 arrives in Bombay Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1.
		They want to fly Zond 8 unpiloted in December 1969, to be followed by a two-man L1 lunar flyby in April 1970.
		Yuri Semenov proved his management abilities in the successful unmanned launches and recoveries of Zond 7 and 8 on circumlunar missions.
	www.astronautix.com /project/lunarl1.htm (7321 words)

	Artemis Project: Summary of Soviet Moon Probes
		ZOND 3 - Took first images of lunar farside in 1965 since LUNA 3.
		Was also a test for future Mars missions.
		ZOND 6 through 8 accomplished similar missions through 1970.
	www.asi.org /adb/m/02/02/soviet-mission-summary.html (209 words)

	DIGIDAY: Star Date (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Zond 5 did carry a living cargo: turtles, fly larvae, and several
		But both Zond 5 and a follow-up mission a few weeks later suffered
		Because of navigational errors, Zond 5 landed in
	www.visionx.com /dd/main/star19980914.htm (234 words)

	Space Today Online -- Lunar and Planetary Exploration Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Zond 3 - 18 Jul 1965 - Lunar Flyby
		Lunar Orbiter 5 - 1 Aug 1967 - Lunar Orbiter
		Zond 5 - 15 Sep 1968 - Lunar Flyby and Return to Earth
	www.spacetoday.org /History/ExplorationTimeline.html (2469 words)

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