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	Zond 8
		Zond 8 was launched from an Earth orbiting platform, Tyazheliy Sputnik, towards the Moon.
		Zond 8 flew past the Moon on October 24, 1970, at a distance of 1,110.4 kilometers (690 miles) and obtained both fl and white and color photographs of the lunar surface.
		Zond 8 reentered the Earth's atmosphere and splashed down in the Indian Ocean on October 27, 1970.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/zond8.htm (162 words)

	Zond 8 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zond 8, a member of the Soviet Union's Zond program, was launched from an Earth orbiting platform, Tyazheliy Sputnik (70-088B), towards the Moon.
		Zond 8 flew past the Moon on October 24, 1970, at a distance of 1110.4 km and obtained both fl and white and color photographs of the lunar surface.
		Zond 8 reentered Earth's atmosphere and splashed down in the Indian Ocean on October 27, 1970.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zond_8 (159 words)

	Zond
		Zonds 1 to 3 were 900-kg, Venera-class spacecraft sent to fly by Venus, Mars, and the Moon, respectively.
		Zonds 4 to 8, by contrast, were much larger, 5-ton vehicles derived from the Soyuz Earth orbital craft which formed an early stage of the Soviet Union’s L-1 project to send humans on circumlunar flight (see Russian manned Moon programs).
		Zond 7 looped around the Moon, sent back the first color photographs of the Moon by a Soviet spacecraft, and executed a perfect entry and landing to become the first totally successful flight of the L-1 program.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/Z/Zond.html (955 words)

	Zond program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name "Zond" (meaning "probe" in Russian) is the name given to two series of Soviet unmanned space missions from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and test spacecraft.
		After two failures, Zond 3 was sent on a test mission, photographing the far side of the Moon (only the second spacecraft to do so) and continuing out to the orbit of Mars in order to test telemetry and spacecraft systems.
		The unmanned circumlunar Zond 5 flight in September 1968 was the reason NASA flew Apollo 8 to the moon in December 1968 instead of the Earth orbital test which had been planned, because the CIA believed the Russians were planning a human flight next.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zond_program (374 words)

	Zond 8 - Biocrawler
		Zond 8, a member of the Soviet Union's Zond program, was launched from an Earth orbiting platform, Tyazheliy Sputnik (70-088B), towards the Moon.
		The announced objectives were investigations of the moon and circumlunar space and testing of onboard systems and units.
		Zond 8 flew past the Moon on October 24, 1970, at a distance of 1110.4 km and obtained both fl and white and color photographs of the lunar surface.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Zond_8 (152 words)

	Zond
		Zond 4 (Zond 1-3 were versions of unmanned probes to Venus and had nothing to do with the circumlunar Zond's) was launched into a high (330,000 km apogee) orbit 180 degrees away from the moon.
		Zond 7 was originally scheduled for early December of 1968.
		Zond 8 was flown as a purely research circumlunar mission in October of 1970.
	www.worldspaceflight.com /russia/zond.htm (247 words)

	Luna Mission Summaries (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Zond 6 was launched on a lunar flyby mission from a parent satellite in Earth parking orbit.
		Zond 7 was launched towards the Moon from a mother spacecraft on a mission of further studies of the Moon and circulmunar space, to obtain color photography of the Earth and the Moon from varying distances, and to flight test the spacecraft systems.
		Zond 7 reentered the Earth's atmosphere on August 14, 1969, and achieved a soft landing in a preset region south of Kustanai.
	astro.if.ufrgs.br /solar/zondall.htm (711 words)

	Radio systems of Zond 4-8 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Zond and Soyuz share the same basic design, but there are differences between the craft.
		Whip antennas on the Zond solar panel tips are about half the length of those on the Soyuz and mounted on the rear edge of the panel instead of on the front edge.
		It seems reasonable to conclude that the main telemetry, command and tracking link used by Zond 4-8 was the 922.76 MHz downlink with the uplink at 768 MHz.
	www.svengrahn.pp.se /radioind/Zondradio/Zondrad.htm (530 words)

	A Brief History of the Exploration of the Moon
		Zond 3 was launched on July 18th, 1965 and flew by the Moon on July 20th at a distance of 9200 kilometers.
		Zond 5 was launched on September 14th, 1968, executed a loop around the Moon, and splash landed in the Indian Ocean on September 21st, 1958.
		Zond 8 was launched on October 20th, 1970, flew past the Moon on October 24th, and returned to Earth on October 27th.
	www.finetuning.com /articles/p0-507-a-brief-history-of-the-exploration-of-the-moon.html (5134 words)

	Planetary Society: History of Moon Missions
		Zond 3 took 25 images as it flew by the far side of the Moon, then transmitted the images back to Earth nine days later.
		Luna 8 made it to the Moon, but its retro rockets fired too late and the spacecraft crash-landed in the Ocean of Storms, east of the crater Galilei, on Dec. 6, 1965.
		Zond 6 was seen by the western powers as being the Soviet Union's final test before launching cosmonauts to the Moon.
	www.planetary.org /learn/missions/moonmissions.html (3825 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Zond 3, a member of the Soviet Zond program, was the first Zond spacecraft to successfully complete its mission (a Lunar flyby) and took a number of amazing photographs for its time, though it is believed that it was initially intended to fly by Mars with Zond 2 but missed its window.
		Zond 5, a member of the Soviet Union's Zond program, was launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (68-076B) in Earth parking orbit to make scientific studies during a lunar flyby and to return to Earth.
		Zond 7, a member of the Soviet Union's Zond program and the only truly successful test of the Soyuz 7K-L1, was launched towards the Moon from a mother spacecraft (69-067B) on a mission of further studies of the Moon and circulmunar space, to obtain color photography of Earth and the Moon from var..
	www.hostingciamca.com /browse.php?title=Z/Z/ZON (1993 words)

	Soyuz 7K-L1
		On April 8 Cosmos 154 reached earth orbit but the Block D translunar injection stage failed to fire (ullage rockets, which had to fire to settle propellants in tanks before main engine fired, were jettisoned prematurely).
		Zond 6 took spectacular photos of the moon’s limb with the earth in the background.
		Flight: Soyuz 6, Soyuz 7, Soyuz 8, Soyuz n 17, Soyuz n 18, Soyuz n 19, Soyuz n 20.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/soyz7kl1.htm (18172 words)

	Zond Missions
		The Zond Program was one of two lunar exploration programs conducted by the Soviet Union to investigate the Moon and its vicinity.
		While the Zond program is considered here as a lunar program, it should be noted that Zond 1 was sent in the direction of Venus and Zond 2 in the direction of Mars.
		Although the majority of the Zond flights were oriented toward gathering information about the techniques and technologies needed to get astronauts to the Moon and back safely, they did collect other information of scientific interest.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /expmoon/zond/zond.html (170 words)

	The Moon
		It is believed Zond 3 was intended as a companion to the Zond 2 probe to Mars, but the launch window was missed.
		Zond 3 did get as far as the orbital distance of Mars, although no contact was made with Mars.
		As with Zond 5, the gyroscope became disabled and reentry was at 20G's.
	www.worldspaceflight.com /probes/themoon.htm (1643 words)

	Zond mission profiles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Another very odd conclusion is that the first Zond attempts were clearly aimed at the Moon, and then, all of a sudden, Soviet mission planners became cautious and launched Zond 4 away from the Moon just to test communications and re-entry techniques.
		All Zond flights are tightly grouped near the minimum opening angle while the Sample-return missions cluster near the maximum.
		The reason for choosing the minimum opening angle for the Zonds could be that this condition minimized the perturbations to the trajectory caused by the moon.
	www.svengrahn.pp.se /histind/Zondmiss/Zondmiss.htm (1158 words)

	Zond program (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The name Zond (meaning probe in Russian) is the name given to two series of Soviet Union unmanned space missions from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and test spacecraft.
		The missions Zond 4 through Zond 8 were test flights for manned circumlunar flight.
		The circumlunar September 1968 Zond 5 flight was the reason NASA flew Apollo 8 to the moon in December 1968 instead of the Earth orbital test which had been planned, because the CIA believed the Russians were planning a human flight next.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Zond-program/Zond-program.html (317 words)

	Jodrell Bank's role in early space tracking activities - Part 2
		The next launch, of Zond 4, took place at 1828 UT on 2 March 1968 and, strangely, it was launched on an elliptical orbit away from the moon.
		A Zond was launched in the direction of the moon at 2301:57 UT on 22 April 1968 (42).
		Zond 6 was launched at 1911:31 UT on 10 November 1968, rounded the Moon at a distance of 2420 km on 14 November and on 17 November it made a skip-lob re-entry into Soviet airspace.
	www.svengrahn.pp.se /trackind/jodrell/jodrole2.htm (6381 words)

	Zond 7-K L1 Circumlunar Spacecraft
		Compare this to the LOK spacecraft which was built to carry a lunar landing crew to the moon.
		Zond spacecraft mated with it's Block D stage (under silver fairing) and core of Proton booster.
		Zond 5 is at the Energia Museum and Zond 7 is at Orevo.
	www.myspacemuseum.com /zond.htm (571 words)

	zond L-1
		The majority of the Soviet Zond missions were designed as part of a stepped up program to put a cosmonaut on the moon.
		The mission was repeated in the Zond 6 flight, lasting from November 10 to November 17, 1968.
		The criteria necessary to ensure a safe manned flight was not met, and the U.S. was preparing to launch the manned circumlunar Apollo 8 mission the next month.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /spaceship/zondL-1.html (612 words)

	Project Apollo: A Selective Bibliography of Books
		Zond 1 and 2 were probes sent to Venus and Mars.
		Landed on Moon 9 Nov 1967 at Latitude.5 N, Longitude 1.4 W. On 17 Nov 1967 spacraft's rockets were fired and the lander was moved 8 feet to the west for stereoscopic measurements of region.
		Landed on Moon 8 Sep 1971, Latitude 3.5 N, Longitude 56.5 E. Lost communication after landing.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/ap11ann/chronology.htm (893 words)

	United Space Alliance - Today in Space History
		Zond 8 was the last of the Zond series as a test of a Soviet "manned" spacecraft to the Moon.
		Zond 8 returned high-quality color photographs of the Moon and Earth.
		The Zond program ended due to the success of the Apollo program and the difficulties experienced in developing heavy boosters for a manned mission to the Moon.
	www.unitedspacealliance.com /calendar/pages/1020.htm (95 words)

	Soviet Missions to the Moon
		Lunar flyby missions (Luna 3, Zond 3, 6, 7, 8) obtained photographs of the lunar surface, particularly the limb and farside regions.
		The Zond 6, 7, and 8 missions circled the Moon and returned to Earth where they were recovered, Zond 6 and 7 in Siberia and Zond 8 in the Indian Ocean.
		The purpose of the photography experiments on the lunar landers (Luna 9, 13, 22) was to obtain closeup images of the surface of the Moon for use in lunar studies and determination of the feasibility of manned lunar landings.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /planetary/lunar/lunarussr.html (428 words)

	[2.0] The Exploration Of The Moon (1) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		[2.5] LUNA 5:14 / ZOND 3:6 / LUNAR ORBITER / SURVEYOR
		A different class of probe, "Zond (Probe) 3", was launched on 18 July 1965 and sent back photos of the lunar farside as it went into solar orbit.
		The mission was publicly announced as "Zond 4", just as if it were a follow-up to the three Venera 3MV-1 shots designated Zond, as a cover to help conceal that it was a test flight for a manned lunar orbit mission.
	www.vectorsite.net /taxpl_02.html (6610 words)

	Russian manned lunar programs
		But whereas the Apollo program unfolded in a blaze of publicity, details of the Eastern aspect of the Moon race only began to emerge with the advent of Perestroika and the subsequent breakup of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s.
		The L-1 program was aimed at a manned circumlunar loop without a landing, and involved the use of unmanned Zond craft to flight validate the hardware.
		However, unmanned L-1 spacecraft traveled to the Moon five times from 1968 through 1970 as Zonds 4 to 8.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/R/Russian_manned_Moon.html (746 words)

	Astronomy Picture of the Day 9-27-03 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Zond 3 - Jul 18, 1965 - Flyby
		Zond 8 - Oct 20, 1970 - Return Probe
		The two moons are so faint they eluded detection by the Voyager 2 spacecraft, which discovered 10 small satellites when it flew by the gas giant planet in 1986.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-chat/990530/posts (1870 words)

	Unmasking N1-L3a
		Zond 7A (13L) underwent a dramatic launch failure 20-01-69.
		Design of the Zond spacecraft L-1S payload precluded a manned Earth orbit rendezvous mission or docking, unless Zond carried an orbital module with a docking receiver cone all of which would have been jettisoned in Earth orbit.
		Why the Soviets could not have used counter balance mass to counter the existing static test stand limits at Zagorsk to test fire the N1's first stage is unclear to historical researcher reporter at this point.
	www.globalsecurity.org /intell/library/reports/2004/soviet-manned-lunar-milestones.htm (7257 words)

	Apollo 8 on Almondnet (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Apollo 8 Mission and Luna 9 and Alan Shepard and Zond 5...
		Apollo 1 Apollo 7 Apollo 8 Apollo 9 Apollo 10 Apollo 11 Apollo 12 Apollo 13 Apollo 14 Apollo 15 Apollo 16 Apollo...
		Apollo 8 Space Mission and NASA Mission Apollo 8 and Apollo 11 and Apollo 8 Purpose...
	www.motor-insurance-quotation-uk.co.uk /motorinsurance/apollo_8.html (514 words)

	Zond 1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Zond 1, a member of the Soviet Zond program, was the second Soviet research spacecraft to successfully reach position Venus.
		A slow leak from a cracked sensor window caused the spacecraft to depressurize.
		The spacecraft, a Venera 3MV-1, was launched on April 4, 1964 from Baikonur Cosmodrome, communications failed by May 14, and it achieved orbit around the sun 100,000km from Venus on July 14 of that year.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Zond-program/Zond-1.html (159 words)

	Space Today Online -- Lunar and Planetary Exploration Timeline
		Zond 3 - 18 Jul 1965 - Lunar Flyby
		Zond 8 - 20 Oct 1970 - Lunar Flyby and Return to Earth
		Venera 9 - 8 Jun 1975 - Venus Orbiter and Lander
	www.spacetoday.org /History/ExplorationTimeline.html (2469 words)

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