
	Where results make sense

Topic: Zond program

Related Topics

Unmanned spacecraft

Lunokhod program

Venera program

Unmanned space mission

Soyuz spacecraft

Venera 12

Lunar Rover

Lunokhod 1

Mars Science Laboratory

Venera 8

Space probe

In the News (Wed 2 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Zond program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name "Zond" (meaning "probe" in Russian) is the name given to two series of Soviet unmanned space missions from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and test spacecraft.
		After two failures, Zond 3 was sent on a test mission, photographing the far side of the Moon (only the second spacecraft to do so) and continuing out to the orbit of Mars in order to test telemetry and spacecraft systems.
		The unmanned circumlunar Zond 5 flight in September 1968 was the reason NASA flew Apollo 8 to the moon in December 1968 instead of the Earth orbital test which had been planned, because the CIA believed the Russians were planning a human flight next.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zond_program (374 words)

	Zond 3 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zond 3, a member of the Soviet Zond program, was the first Zond spacecraft to successfully complete its mission (a Lunar flyby) and took a number of amazing photographs for its time, though it is believed that it was initially intended to fly by Mars with Zond 2 but missed its window.
		The spacecraft design was similar to Zond 2, in addition to the imaging equipment it carried a magnetometer, ultraviolet (0.25 to 0.35 micrometre and 0.19 to 0.27 micrometre) and infrared (3 to 4 micrometre) spectrographs, radiation sensors (gas-discharge and scintillation counters), a radiotelescope and a micrometeoroid instrument.
		It is believed that Zond 3 was initially designed as a companion spacecraft to Zond 2 to be launched to Mars during the 1964 launch window.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zond_3 (338 words)

	Zond 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Zond 2, a member of the Soviet Zond program, was the second Soviet spacecraft to attempt a flyby of Mars.
		Zond 2 also carried six PPTs that served as actuators of the attitude control system.
		Zond 2, a Mars 3MV-4A craft, was launched on November 30, 1964.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/Z/Zond-2.htm (229 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Zond 5, a member of the Soviet Union's Zond program, was launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (68-076B) in Earth parking orbit to make scientific studies during a lunar flyby and to return to Earth.
		Zond 6, a member of the Soviet Union's Zond program, was launched on a lunar flyby mission from a parent satellite (68-101B) in Earth parking orbit.
		Zond 7, a member of the Soviet Union's Zond program and the only truly successful test of the Soyuz 7K-L1, was launched towards the Moon from a mother spacecraft (69-067B) on a mission of further studies of the Moon and circulmunar space, to obtain color photography of Earth and the Moon from var..
	www.hostingciamca.com /browse.php?title=Z/Z/ZON (1993 words)

	Zond 6 -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Zond 6 flew around the moon on November 14, 1968, at a minimum distance of 2420 km.
		The photos were taken from distances of approximately 11,000 km and 3300 km.
		Controlled reentry of the spacecraft occurred on November 17, 1968, and Zond 6 landed in a predetermined region of the Soviet Union.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/Z/Zo/Zond_6.htm (102 words)

	Zond program
		The Zond program was a series of Soviet unmanned space missions from 1964 to 1970 to test spacecraft intended for manned flights around the moon.
		However, it was only when the race to the moon intensified that missions 4 through 8 became the main test flights for manned circumlunar flight: the first three missions were intended to gather information about Venus and Mars.
		They were launched on the proton rocket which was just powerful enough to send the Zond on a free return trajectory around the moon without going into lunar orbit (the same as Apollo 13 flew in its emergency abort).
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/zond_program (371 words)

	Russian manned lunar programs
		But whereas the Apollo program unfolded in a blaze of publicity, details of the Eastern aspect of the Moon race only began to emerge with the advent of Perestroika and the subsequent breakup of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s.
		The L-1 program was aimed at a manned circumlunar loop without a landing, and involved the use of unmanned Zond craft to flight validate the hardware.
		The program depended on the development of a super-rocket known as the N-1.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/R/Russian_manned_Moon.html (746 words)

	Russia's manned lunar program (1949-1980)
		Charismatic captains of the Soviet rocket industry fought for the leadership and influence in the program, stretching the project's already limited resources, while the Soviet military, which financed rocket development, had always remained skeptical about the prospects of heavy-lift launchers.
		In 1966, the Soviet lunar program recieved another blow with the death of its legendary leader, Sergei Korolev.
		The program was finally abandoned in 1974 and its leader Vasily Mishin was ousted as a head of the industrial conglomerate responsible for the project.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /spacecraft_manned_lunar.html (519 words)

	Unmanned space mission - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Zond program - Moon, Venus, and Mars flyby
		Mariner program - Mercury, Venus and Mars, flyby and orbital
		Mars Surveyor '98 program (Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander)
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Unmanned_spaceflight (502 words)

	Soyuz spacecraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Soyuz spacecraft succeeded the Voskhod design and were originally built as part of the Luna program.
		The spacecraft are launched by the Soyuz launch vehicle, as part of the Soyuz program and the later missions of the Zond program.
		It was the primary hope for circumlunar flight, tested in the Zond program in 1968-1970, but after multiple failures of the 7K-L1's re-entry systems, Apollo 8 won the race to circle the moon and the goal was scrapped, along with the two remaining 7K-L1s.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/s/so/soyuz_spacecraft.html (1241 words)

	Space exploration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This spectacular success led to an escalation of the American space program, and to an undeclared Space Race between the two superpowers.
		ISRO has started the work on its first Unmanned Lunar program called Chandrayan-1 (Moon-Ship-1) which is slated to be launched by 2007.
		The National Space Agency of Ukraine (NSAU) is the Ukrainian government agency responsible for space policy and programs, established in 1992.
	www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Space_exploration (1308 words)

	Zond 6 (810)
		I cannot join the space program and restart my life as an astronaut, but this opportunity to connect my abilities as an educator with my interests in history and space is a unique opportunity to fulfill my early fantasies.
		Zond 6 took spectacular photos of the moon’s limb with the earth in the background.
		It was supposed to photograph the moon in colour and fl and white from 8000 km and 2600 km ranges, then return to earth, landing at Tyuratam only 16 km from the launch pad.
	www.astronautix.com /details/zond6810.htm (605 words)

	Soyuz 7K-L1
		The schedules for the projects for flying around and landing on the moon are to be delayed from 1966-1967 to 1968-1969.
		The L1 capsule is flown by An-12 from Bombay to Moscow.
		The program they come up with: In January 1969, 2 Venera probes will be launched, two manned Soyuz missions, and L1 s/n 13 will be sent around the moon.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/soyz7kl1.htm (17508 words)

	zondL-1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The majority of the Soviet Zond missions were designed as part of a stepped up program to put a cosmonaut on the moon.
		The mission was repeated in the Zond 6 flight, lasting from Nov. 10 to Nov. 17, 1968.
		Aside from the experience useful to the Soyuz program, the Zond 6, 7 and 8 missions also returned photos of the lunar surface, especially of the limb and farside regions.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /spaceship/zondL-1.html (612 words)

	Soyuz spacecraft - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Soyuz succeeded the Voskhod spacecraft design and were originally built as part of the Luna program.
		Tests in the Zond program from 1968-1970 produced multiple failures in the 7K-L1's re-entry systems.
		Apollo 8 won the race to circle the moon and the goal was scrapped, along with the two remaining 7K-L1s.
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Soyuz_spacecraft (1303 words)

	space exploration. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Although studies from earth using optical and radio telescopes had accumulated much data on the nature of celestial bodies, it was not until after World War II that the development of powerful rockets made direct space exploration a technological possibility.
		The Surveyor program established that the moon’s surface was solid enough to support a spacecraft carrying astronauts.
		The American Mercury program had its first orbital success in Feb., 1962, when John Glenn circled the earth three times; a flight of 22 orbits was achieved by Mercury in May, 1963.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sp/spaceexp.html (2829 words)

	Zond program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Zond program was a series of Soviet unmanned space missions from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and test spacecraft intended for manned flights around the moon.
		(NASA officials speculate that Zond 3 was redirected to the moon after missing its launch window to Mars.) It was only when the race to the moon intensified that missions 4 through 8 became the main test flights for manned circumlunar flight.
		The circumlunar September 1968 Zond 5 flight was the reason NASA flew Apollo 8 to the moon in December 1968 instead of the Earth orbital test which had been planned, because the CIA believed the Russians were planning a human flight next.
	www.phatnav.com /wiki/index.php?title=Zond (383 words)

	Zond mission profiles
		Another very odd conclusion is that the first Zond attempts were clearly aimed at the Moon, and then, all of a sudden, Soviet mission planners became cautious and launched Zond 4 away from the Moon just to test communications and re-entry techniques.
		All Zond flights are tightly grouped near the minimum opening angle while the Sample-return missions cluster near the maximum.
		The reason for choosing the minimum opening angle for the Zonds could be that this condition minimized the perturbations to the trajectory caused by the moon.
	www.svengrahn.pp.se /histind/Zondmiss/Zondmiss.htm (1158 words)

	Zond Lunar Imagery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Zond series of lunar and planetary spacecraft began as a Soviet attempt to reach Mars (Zonds 1-3).
		Unlike the other Zond missions that imaged the moon, Zond 3 transmitted its images back after scanning them onboard from the original film exposures The image to the right hs been extensively cleaned up.
		Zond 3 continued beyond the orbit of Mars, where it retransmitted its lunar imagery to test communications for future Mars missions (Zond 2 was a failed Mars mission).
	pages.preferred.com /~tedstryk/zond.html (236 words)

	Project Apollo Annotated Bibliography, Ch2
		He was unsuccessful in obtaining approval for these programs, but that fact that they existed indicates that the Soviet leadership could not agree on a method of racing the Americans to the Moon.
		The author notes the incredible parallelism of events in the two programs, including the Apollo 204 and Soyuz 1 disasters in early 1967, and concludes that the United States and the Soviet Union were in a race to send humans around the Moon in 1968, despite Soviet claims to the contrary.
		There is virtually no discussion of a lunar landing program by the Soviets, it not being an officially-acknowledged program at the time, but there is considerable description of the development of rockets and the activities of cosmonauts in space.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/Apollobib/ch2.html (3105 words)

	Clavius: Bibliography - response to wayne green
		The Zond program was somewhat equivalent to the U.S. Gemini program: intended to develop techniques for a manned lunar landing.
		Zond 6 also carried biological samples, as well as took photographs which survived passage through the Van Allen belts and exposure to the cislunar space environment.
		At the end you see the disclaimer that the preceding program was itself a hoax, designed to expose the gullibility of the average television viewer.
	www.clavius.org /bibwgreen.html (2982 words)

	Space Calendar — October, 21-31 \| VideoCosmos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Approved a Decision of Central Committee of Communist Party and Soviet of Ministers of the USSR “About concentration forces of design organization of industry for creation complex of rocket-space means for flying around the Moon”.
		Conducted launch of scientific satellite "Explorer-50" under the program of geophysical explorations using "Delta 1604" booster.
		Conducted launch of “Interkosmos-12” scientific satellite under international program, was realize explorations of the Sun and the Earth.
	www.videocosmos.com /calendar-october2131.shtm (1955 words)

	The Soyuz Types
		There are several variations on the Soyuz ("union") type craft, and they have been used for a variety of programs.
		This version was used for the Soyuz (1,3-9), Salyut (10-13,17,18,20,25-40), Almaz (14,15,21,23,24), and ASTP (16,19,22) programs.
		It was used in the Zond ("probe") program, but was never used for a manned mission.
	www.worldspaceflight.com /russia/soyuz_types.htm (258 words)

	Space Stamp of the Day Archive- 1965
		Zond 2 was launched towards Mars in November 1964.
		Instead, Zond 3 was sent in mid 1965 on a trajectory out to the distance of Mars' orbit, but not where Mars was because Mars could no longer be reached.
		Zond 4 tested the spacecraft systems used for Zond 5, but was sent intentionally in a direction opposite the Moon.
	members.aol.com /nyrocketscience/space/1965/1965.htm (3436 words)

	Zond 7-K L1 Circumlunar Spacecraft
		Unlike the American lunar program, which used common hardware for lunar landing and lunar orbital missions, the Soviet Union chose to develop a separate spacecraft with it's own booster for these two missions.
		Zond spacecraft mated with it's Block D stage (under silver fairing) and core of Proton booster.
		Zond 5 is at the Energia Museum and Zond 7 is at Orevo.
	www.myspacemuseum.com /zond.htm (571 words)

	Zond Missions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Zond Program was one of two lunar exploration programs conducted by the Soviet Union to investigate the Moon and its vicinity.
		While the Zond program is considered here as a lunar program, it should be noted that Zond 1 was sent in the direction of Venus and Zond 2 in the direction of Mars.
		Although the majority of the Zond flights were oriented toward gathering information about the techniques and technologies needed to get astronauts to the Moon and back safely, they did collect other information of scientific interest.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /expmoon/zond/zond.html (170 words)

	Apollo 8 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Apollo 8 was the second manned mission of the Apollo space program that was launched.
		Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, which was the lead contractor for the LM predicted that the first mannable LM, to be used for the D mission, would not be ready until at least February 1969, delaying the entire sequence.
		There were also concerns from the CIA that the Soviets were planning their own circumlunar flight for December to upstage the Americans once again (see Zond program).
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Apollo_8 (6561 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)