Zond-2 - Factbites

Zond-2 - Factbites
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Topic: Zond-2

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	Zond
		Zond 4 (Zond 1-3 were versions of unmanned probes to Venus and had nothing to do with the circumlunar Zond's) was launched into a high (330,000 km apogee) orbit 180 degrees away from the moon.
		Zond 8 was flown as a purely research circumlunar mission in October of 1970.
		Zond 7 was originally scheduled for early December of 1968.
	www.worldspaceflight.com /russia/zond.htm (247 words)

	Zond
		Zonds 1 to 3 were 900-kg, Venera-class spacecraft sent to fly by Venus, Mars, and the Moon, respectively.
		Zonds 4 to 8, by contrast, were much larger, 5-ton vehicles derived from the Soyuz Earth orbital craft which formed an early stage of the Soviet Union’s L-1 project to send humans on circumlunar flight (see Russian manned Moon programs).
		Zond 7 looped around the Moon, sent back the first color photographs of the Moon by a Soviet spacecraft, and executed a perfect entry and landing to become the first totally successful flight of the L-1 program.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/Z/Zond.html (946 words)

	Zond 7 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zond 7 reentered Earth's atmosphere on August 14, 1969, and achieved a soft landing in a preset region south of Kustanai.
		Zond 7 used a relatively uncommon technique called "skip reentry" to shed velocity upon returning to Earth.
		On August 11, 1969, the spacecraft flew past the Moon at a distance of 1984.6 km and conducted two picture taking sessions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zond_7 (108 words)

	Encyclopedia: Zond 5
		Zond 5, a member of the Soviet Union's Zond program, was launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (68-076B) in Earth parking orbit to make scientific studies during a lunar flyby and to return to Earth.
		Zond program Zond 4 (Soyuz 7K-L1) Zond 4, a member of the Soviet Zond program, was a short flight that was one of the first Soviet experiments towards manned spaceflight.
		Zond 6 (Soyuz 7K-L1) Zond 6, a member of the Soviet Unions Zond program, was launched on a lunar flyby mission from a parent satellite (68-101B) in Earth parking orbit.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Zond-5 (431 words)

	Zond 3 - TheBestLinks.com - Infrared, Moon, Soviet Union, Ultraviolet, ...
		The spacecraft design was similar to Zond 2, in addition to the imaging equipment it carried a magnetometer, ultraviolet (0.25 to 0.35 micrometre and 0.19 to 0.27 micrometre) and infrared (3 to 4 micrometre) spectrographs, radiation sensors (gas-discharge and scintillation counters), a radiotelescope and a micrometeoroid instrument.
		Zond 3, a member of the Soviet Zond program, was the first Zond spacecraft to successfully complete its mission (a Lunar flyby) and took a number of amazing photographs for its time, though it is believed that it was initially intended to fly by Mars with Zond 2 but missed its window.
		It is believed that Zond 3 was initially designed as a companion spacecraft to Zond 2 to be launched to Mars during the 1964 launch window.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Zond_3.html (380 words)

	Mission to Mars
		Zond 3 was put on a Mars trajectory and the Soviets announced that they would be conducting scientific research in interplanetary space.
		Zond 3 went into orbit around the Sun, and contact was maintained until March of 1966 when it was at a distance of more than 337 million miles from Earth.
		Zond 3 also carried instruments to monitor the solar wind, cosmic rays, magnetic fields, and radio emissions.
	athena.cornell.edu /mars_facts/past_missions_60s.html (2114 words)

	Zond3
		Zond 3 was prepared for launching during the 1964 Mars launch window.
		Zond 1 headed off towards Venus in 1964, and Zond 2 was despatched towards Mars later the same year.
		Although it had no specific target of exploration, Zond 3 proved to the Soviet Union, and the rest of the world, that its scientists were capable of building and operating an interplanetary craft.
	www.zarya.info /Diaries/Luna/Zond3.htm (282 words)

	Zond Energy Systems
		Zond industries is currently producing at an incredible rate of 2.5 completed turbines per day.
		The approach that Zond has taken in using the best technology and design techniques available will ensure that their wind turbines will be profitable for years to come.
		Zond employs sophisticated software that aids in the performance tracking of their wind turbines.
	www.calpoly.edu /~cm/studpage/dmsmith/zond.htm (468 words)

	Zond 7-K L1 Circumlunar Spacecraft
		Zond 5 is at the Energia Museum and Zond 7 is at Orevo.
		Zond spacecraft mated with it's Block D stage (under silver fairing) and core of Proton booster.
		Only completely successful mission in Zond test flight series
	www.myspacemuseum.com /zond.htm (571 words)

	Zond Lunar Imagery
		Zond 3 continued beyond the orbit of Mars, where it retransmitted its lunar imagery to test communications for future Mars missions (Zond 2 was a failed Mars mission).
		The Zond series of lunar and planetary spacecraft began as a Soviet attempt to reach Mars (Zonds 1-3).
		Unlike the other Zond missions that imaged the moon, Zond 3 transmitted its images back after scanning them onboard from the original film exposures The image to the right hs been extensively cleaned up.
	pages.preferred.com /~tedstryk/zond.html (236 words)

	Radio systems of Zond 4-8
		It seems reasonable to conclude that the main telemetry, command and tracking link used by Zond 4-8 was the 922.76 MHz downlink with the uplink at 768 MHz.
		Whip antennas on the Zond solar panel tips are about half the length of those on the Soyuz and mounted on the rear edge of the panel instead of on the front edge.
		Zond and Soyuz share the same basic design, but there are differences between the craft.
	www.svengrahn.pp.se /radioind/Zondradio/Zondrad.htm (530 words)

	Enron: 1997 -- Press Release
		Zond generated approximately 600 million kilowatt hours of electricity in 1995, sufficient to supply the annual residential needs of over 300,000 people and offset over 600 million pounds of air pollutants that otherwise would have been produced by fossil-fired power plants.
		Zond is actively developing projects and/or pursuing sales of its Z-series wind turbines in the U.S., Europe, Asia and Latin America.
		In addition to its purchase of Zond, Enron also is a partner with Amoco in Amoco/Enron Solar, the largest U.S.-owned producer of solar photovoltaic cells and the second largest worldwide.
	www.enron.com /corp/pressroom/releases/1997/1zond.html (435 words)

	Zond mission profiles
		The reason for choosing the minimum opening angle for the Zonds could be that this condition minimized the perturbations to the trajectory caused by the moon.
		Another very odd conclusion is that the first Zond attempts were clearly aimed at the Moon, and then, all of a sudden, Soviet mission planners became cautious and launched Zond 4 away from the Moon just to test communications and re-entry techniques.
		All Zond flights are tightly grouped near the minimum opening angle while the Sample-return missions cluster near the maximum.
	www.svengrahn.pp.se /histind/Zondmiss/Zondmiss.htm (1158 words)

	Zond -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Zond 1 (launched April 1964) and Zond 2 (November 1964) were aimed at Venus and Mars respectively, but failed to send back data on the planets.
		Zond 3 (July 1965) transmitted closeup photographs of 3,000,000 square miles (7,800,000 square kilometres) of the lunar surface, including the hidden side,...
		Zond 3 (July 1965) transmitted closeup photographs of 3,000,000 square miles (7,800,000 square kilometres) of the lunar surface, including the hidden side, before going into solar orbit.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9078436?tocId=9078436 (386 words)

	Wind Powering America - Wind Power Pioneer Interview: Jim Dehlsen, Clipper Windpower
		Zond then focused on developing variable-speed technology to reduce the COE and in the process acquired patent rights from Kennetech, a wind industry competitor that declared bankruptcy in 1996.
		As founder of Zond Energy (now GE Wind, the largest U.S. wind turbine manufacturer), Jim's innovative approach to reducing the cost of wind energy through advances in development techniques, finance, and technology has been key to making wind the fastest growing source of energy in the world.
		Zond had an early lead in this effort, which resulted in $450 million of financing by the mid 1980s.
	www.eere.energy.gov /windandhydro/windpoweringamerica/filter_detail.asp?itemid=683 (2284 words)

	Missions to the Moon - Explore the Cosmos The Planetary Society
		Zond 3 took 25 images as it flew by the far side of the Moon and transmitted them back to Earth nine days later.
		Zond 6 was seen by Western powers as being the Soviet Union's final test before launching cosmonauts to the Moon.
		Zond 7 flew to the Moon and back, taking color pictures of the Earth and lunar surface along the way.
	www.planetary.org /explore/topics/our_solar_system/the_moon/missions.html (3461 words)

	Soyuz 7K-L1
		Zond 6 took spectacular photos of the moon’s limb with the earth in the background.
		The L1 capsule is flown by An-12 from Bombay to Moscow.
		It is estimated that Zond 4 will fly 45.8 km below the initial re-entry corridor at an altitude of 145 km, after which it will ricochet back out into space and proceed to a final re-entry and landing on Soviet territory.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/soyz7kl1.htm (17513 words)

	United Space Alliance - Today in Space History
		Zond 8 was the last of the Zond series as a test of a Soviet "manned" spacecraft to the Moon.
		The Zond program ended due to the success of the Apollo program and the difficulties experienced in developing heavy boosters for a manned mission to the Moon.
		Zond 8 returned high-quality color photographs of the Moon and Earth.
	www.unitedspacealliance.com /calendar/pages/1020.htm (95 words)

	Huge Wind Project
		Zond Senior Vice-President Robert Gates considers the Buffalo Ridge contract an important step forward for the company, given the size of the NSP proposal.
		Northern States Power Co. (NSP) announced Thursday that it has selected Zond Development Corp., Tehachapi, CA to supply the Buffalo Ridge's next set of wind turbines, to be built by the end of 1996.
		Zond plans to build 143 turbines to supply 100 megawatts.
	web.itctel.com /lbenton/062395.html (490 words)

	The Many Worlds of Diana Wynne Jones - ' + pageTitle + '
		Zond did not recall whether or not he was actually Imperion's father.
		This was the case from Great Zond, the king of the gods, through every god, godlet, deity, minor deity, and numen, down to the most immaterial nymph.
		The correct procedure was for Zond to summon the god of prophecy and have that god consult the Book of Heaven.
	www.harperchildrens.com /catalog/dianawynnejones_excerpt.asp?isbn=0688168434 (820 words)

	Mars Exploration/Summary of Mars Missions/Zond 2
		Zond 2 was an automatic interplanetary station launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (64-078A) in earth parking orbit towards Mars to test space-borne systems and to carry out scientific investigations.
		Zond 2 took a long curving trajectory towards Mars to minimize the relative velocity.
		The probe carried a descent craft and the same instruments as the Mars 1 flyby spacecraft: a magnetometer probe, television photographic equipment, a spectroreflexometer, radiation sensors (gas-discharge and scintillation counters), a spectrograph to study ozone absorption bands, and a micrometeoroid instrument.
	calspace.ucsd.edu /marsnow/library/mars_exploration/robotic_missions/orbiters/older_missions9.html (222 words)

	TIME Magazine Archive Article -- Evaluating Zond -- Oct. 04, 1968
		Zond 5's successful loop around the moon and its safe recovery in the Indian Ocean provided fair warning last week that Russia is well and truly back in the race for the moon.
		But U.S. space officials are still hopeful that American astronauts can make a lunar landing before the Russians set foot on the moon.Retiring NASA Chief James Webb was mightily impressed by Zond's flight, calling it "the most important...
		Many scientists believe that the flight was merely a prelude to the circling of the moon by a Soviet cosmonaut, a mission that could be carried out within the next few months.
	www.time.com /time/archive/printout/0,23657,838818,00.html (156 words)

	Zond 1
		Zond 1, a member of the Soviet Zond program, was the second Soviet research spacecraft to successfully reach position Venus.
		The spacecraft, a Venera 3MV-1, was launched on April 4, 1964 from Baikonur Cosmodrome, communications failed by May 14, and it achieved orbit around the sun 100,000km from Venus on July 14 of that year.
		A slow leak from a cracked sensor window caused the spacecraft to depressurize.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Zond-program/Zond-1.html (159 words)

	Condon Report, Sec VI, Chap 2 -- Perception, Conception, Reporting
		In the case of Zond IV the two most lengthy unsolicited reports described the apparition as a cigar-shaped craft with a row of lighted windows and a fiery tail, while the correct identifications as a re-entry were short, in some cases recovered only by later solicitation of reports.
		Of course, the important question in a case such as the Zond IV re-entry is not the quality of the worst observations, but rather whether the observations taken together did define and clarify the phenomenon.
		We have already noted in the Zond IV case that the angular size, a relatively objective estimate, was consistently measured.
	ncas.sawco.com /condon/text/s6chap02.htm (8052 words)

	United Space Alliance - Today in Space History
		The Zond 6, 7, and 8 missions circled the Moon and returned to Earth where they were recovered, Zond 6 and 7 in Siberia and Zond 8 in the Indian Ocean.
		The purpose of the photography experiments on the lunar landers (Luna 9, 13, 22) was to obtain closeup images of the surface of the Moon for use in lunar studies and determination of the feasibility of manned lunar landings.
		Lunar flyby missions (Luna 3, Zond 3, 6, 7, 8) obtained photographs of the lunar surface, particularly the limb and farside regions.
	www.unitedspacealliance.com /calendar/pages/1121.htm (182 words)

	Soyuz Spacecraft Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography
		The spacecraft are launched by the Soyuz launch vehicle, as part of the Soyuz program and the later missions of the Zond program.
		Tests in the Zond program from 1968-1970 produced multiple failures in the 7K-L1's re-entry systems.
		In 2004, Russian space officials announced that the Soyuz will be replaced by early 2011 with the new Kliper spacecraft.
	www.alienartifacts.com /encyclopedia/Soyuz_spacecraft (1523 words)

	Accurate Locators - Zond: Software
		Movement of the Zond was from the foot of the hill (left) to its top (right).
		The Zond is capable of reaching targets with depths of up to 30 meters!* Multiple antennas available.
		The Zond GPR is a powerful combination of Ground Penetrating Radar and computer software.
	www.accuratelocators.com /zond_software.html (315 words)

	News: Enron Acquires Wind Firm
		Zond has approximately 200 employees, and produces around 600 million kWh from its fleet of 2,400 turbines.
		Zond, a wind project developer and turbine manufacturer, was founded in 1981.
		Zond turbines currently operate at three locations in California-- Tehachapi, Altamont and San Gorgonio Pass--as well as Texas and Vermont.
	www.awea.org /news/news970106enron.html (552 words)

	TheLandOnline.com
		Zond was a manufacturer of large wind turbines, as well as a project developer and manager.
		At the time, Zond was developing wind power sites under contract for Northern States Power Co. near Lake Benton.
		When Enron purchased the company, it took over Zond's efforts in all those areas and continued developing the Lake Benton sites, as well as a project Zond had begun in northwestern Iowa near Alta.
	www.the-land.com /story.php?storyid=699 (857 words)

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