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Topic: Zone Bit Recording

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	Zone bit recording - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zone Bit Recording (ZBR) is used by disk drives to store more sectors per track on outer tracks than on inner tracks.
		It is also called Zone Constant Angular Velocity (Zone CAV or Z-CAV or ZCAV).
		On a disk consisting of concentric tracks, the physical track length increases with distance from the center hub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/ZCAV (164 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Lowering of the recording frequency is termed"optimizing" the recording frequency, (optimizing of the heads involves enabling the recording frequency to be varied on a head-by-head basis within a zone structure).
		Each original zone is divided into two sub-zones, one set of sub- zones that service the first three logical heads on all cylinders, and another set of sub-zones that service the next two logical heads on all cylinders.
		Similarly, the subzones of the corresponding original zones are graphed along a horizontal and vertical axis arrangement 472 and 474 respectively, and may have similar step-like responses 476 and 478.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/01146.000106&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (7762 words)

	Zoned Bit Recording
		Since there is a constraint on how tight the inner circles can be packed with bits, they were packed as tight as was practically possible given the state of technology, and then the outer circles were set to use the same number of sectors by reducing their bit density.
		With this technique, tracks are grouped into zones based on their distance from the center of the disk, and each zone is assigned a number of sectors per track.
		Also included is the raw data transfer rate for each zone; notice how it decreases as you move from the outer edge of the disk (zone 0) to the hub of the disk (zone 14)--the data transfer rate at the edge is almost double what it is in the middle:
	www.pcguide.com /ref/hdd/geom/tracksZBR-c.html (1117 words)

	Guitar Zone: Recording/Zoom
		It has clarity and bass response that you would expect to hear from a much larger cabinet and is suitable for home and project-studio recording as well as sound reinforcement applications.
		The new MRS-1266 Recorder from Zoom is so powerful and easy to use that with a little practice any musician can become a composer, engineer, and producer.
		Record drums like the studio pros using six microphones, and mix them down to a stereo drum track.
	www.guitarzone.com.au /products/Recording/Zoom (1249 words)

	PC ComputerNotes - Hard Drives
		Landing Zone - The read/write heads on a hard drive have to be parked.
		Zone Bit Recording - Today's drives don't need to worry about precompensation because they don't have a consistent number of sectors on each track.
		Zone Bit Recording is a method by which the number of sectors per track decreases as you reach the center of the disk.
	www.pccomputernotes.com /hdrives/hdrive03.htm (406 words)

	zoned-bit recording - a Whatis.com definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Zoned-bit recording (ZBR) is a method of physically optimizing the utilization of a hard drive by placing more sectors in the outer tracks than in the inner tracks.
		Thus, sectors near the edge of the platter were physically longer than those near the center, and the magnetized regions representing data bits were spaced farther apart near the edge of the platter than near the center.
		In the ideal arrangement, the number of bits, and therefore the number of sectors, per track should vary in direct proportion to the track radius.
	whatis.techtarget.com /gDefinition/0,294236,sid5_gci1019076,00.html (332 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The zone bit recording is a method for dividing a disk into several zones and recording data with varying recording rates.
		That is, since the recording rate is higher at an outer zone and lower at an inner zone, the center frequency of the clock signal which is output from the clock generation circuit should
		However, in the CAV reproduction of reading data which is recorded at CLV (constant linear velocity), at CAV or the jitter-free reproduction of reading data before the spindle has the speed of CLV, like optical disks such as the DVD, the center frequency of the reproduction signal is continuously changed.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/51122.000831&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (5138 words)

	Zone diet Definition / Zone diet Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Zone diet is a diet popularized in books by Barry Sears.
		When insulinInsulin (Latin insula, "island", as it is produced in the Islets of Langerhans) is a polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism.
		Zone Diet is a life-long hormonal control strategy.
	www.elresearch.com /Zone_diet (316 words)

	Seagate Technology Patent Portfolio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Historically, the majority of Seagate's patents are in the area of magnetic recording heads.
		Recording media operations as well as Seagate Research are also contributing significantly to the patent portfolio.
		Those include the pioneering work done on zone bit recording, hydrodynamic fluid bearing motors, media and laser texturing, pad-assisted landing zones, RAID, SCSI and fiber channel technology interface designs that have become industry standards.
	www.seagate.com /newsinfo/technology/patents (479 words)

	BYTE.com
		ZBR is a method in which more sectors are recorded at the outer radius of the disk to maximize bit density.
		Through magnetic-exchange coupling, the bits are copied from the memory layer to the readout layer and are visible to the laser beam.
		ISI is the tendency of one bit to interfere with, or distort, adjacent bits.
	www.byte.com /art/9403/sec6/art7.htm (3529 words)

	HD Tach V 2.61 - MegaGames tweaks
		The HD Tach sequential read test is a little bit different from other benchmarks.
		The problem is that modern hard drives use a zone bit recording technique that allows different read speeds depending on where the data is located.
		Data on the outside of the drive is much faster than data recorded on the inside.
	www.megagames.com /news/html/tweaks/hdtachv261.shtml (255 words)

	Champions Technical Support Library's hardware concepts: WXYZ
		An archival data recording format that only writes a CD once, but it can be read many times.
		WORM data storage does not require nearly as much space for recording file access and location data as CD-Rs, and its 1.5 GB capacity (750 MB per side on a 5.25" disk) is a reasonable alternative to the 650 MB of ISO 9660 CD-ROMs.
		They are 32 bits wide and data can be move in and out simultaneously.
	home.earthlink.net /~champions/h_wxyz.htm (468 words)

	Disk Layout
		This is different from the old MFM and RLL drives that had all the user data recorded at a single data rate.
		The number of tracks per zone has to vary a bit to make all the numbers come out even, but most zones have the same number of tracks, again for convenience.
		The first data zone might have 240 data sectors and does have 72 servo sectors (or spokes or wedges) per track.
	www.logicsmith.com /disklayout.html (1312 words)

	Commodore 1541 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1541 followed the previous Commodore 1540 (meant for the VIC-20).
		The disk drive used Group Code Recording (GCR) and contained a MOS 6502 microprocessor, doubling as a disk controller and on-board disk operating system processor.
		The number of sectors per track varied from 17 to 21 (an early implementation of Zone Bit Recording).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Commodore_1541 (1503 words)

	THE ZONE
		The Zone was originally created as a private studio for owner Billy Hume, but soon grew as requests for his engineering and production skills increased.
		The studio was designed primarily to record live bands and features a large drum recording room where we get a truly great drum sound.
		However we are not limited to recording bands and also do quite a bit of MIDI production and recording as well.
	www.mindspring.com /~hume/zone.html (186 words)

	Performance of RAID as a Storage System for Internet Image Delivery
		The drives in the SSA use the zone bit recording method, where data is packed more densely on the outer cylinders of each platter[3].
		For the RAID 5 volume, zone 1 occupies the first quarter of each drive in the volume, zone 2 occupies the second quarter, and so forth.
		The "front" zone occupies the first 44% of each drive, the "middle" zone occupies the center 44% of each drive and the "back" zone occupies the last 44% of each drive.
	archive.nlm.nih.gov /pubs/perfraid/perfraid.php (2901 words)

	Winds of Change.NET: Perpendicular Data Storage (Rock)!
		With less bits total using this scheme, the sectors (blocks of data) became smaller and we saw a jump in the sectors per track.
		If you push the bit rate up and bits overlap near the spindle, you cant go in as far, but it means at the rim of the disk capacity is wasted.
		To those that say this is indeed verticle recording, well no, both poles of every bit are still seen at the disk surface, so it is still double the linear space per bit of true verticle recording.
	www.windsofchange.net /archives/006642.php (1836 words)

	Hale's HIW: Facts and Fiction
		Likewise, because most drives are now zone recorded (they have different number of sectors per track at different locations on the media), the inter sector gaps, sector ID fields and sector data fields are also written at the factory and can not be recreated later.
		ZBR maintains a constant data bit density across the disk surface.
		ZBR and embedded servo data are the two major reasons you can not low level format drives anymore.
	www.ata-atapi.com /hiwfnf.htm (4801 words)

	Mad Monkey's Technical Support
		There is the same number of tracks on both sides of each platter in a hard drive.
		Each track forms a complete circle, unlike a vinyl record, which has a single track that spirals to the center.
		This creates an OS boot record that consists of two tables, the FAT and the DIRECTORY, for each logical drive.
	members.cox.net /madmonkeytech/HardwareHarddrive.html (3251 words)

	ITworld.com - Can 1.44M become 32M?
		The company will begin selling later this month a new disk drive that, it says, is capable of storing 32M bytes of data on a standard 2HD floppy disk -- some 22.2 times that of its usual 1.44M byte capacity.
		To increase the data capacity of a standard floppy, Matsushita's FD32MB system employs zone bit recording -- a system used to encode data onto hard disks and optical disc systems that more efficiently uses the space to record data.
		The popularity of floppy disks, once king of the removable media market, has been waning in recent years as computers have increased in sophistication and users have found the floppy disks' capacity a limiting factor to their use.
	www.itworld.com /Comp/3764/ITW020601matsushitafloppy/pfindex.html (245 words)

	What is zoned-bit recording? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		A method of recording data on a hard disk drive whereby the sectors per track on the drive are not consistent across the platter.
		In general, tracks closest to the center have fewer sectors than tracks toward the outside of the platter where the tracks are larger and can fit more sectors.
		Though the platter rotates at a constant angular velocity, the clock speed, or clock rate, changes as the read/write head moves from one zone to another along the platter.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/Z/zoned_bit_recording.html (207 words)

	IDE/ATA reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Newer drives have a various number of sectors per track which results in an increase in disk size.
		To reduce controller overhead zones with an equal number of sectors per track have been created.
		A 249 MB drive, with 4 heads has 3 zones with from the outer to the inner track successively 65, 52 and 39 sectors.
	www.wtysoft.com /ataref/0021.htm (90 words)

	The Answer Guy 42: One Bad Sector (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It's also possible that your hard drive has quite a bit of built in redundancy to prevent the problem from ever being visible to the BIOS.
		This is referred to as ZBR (zone-bit recording).
		So, you generally won't see bad sectors on a modern drive until there are enough of them that all of the available extras on a given track, cylinder, or within a given zone, are all in use.
	www.redhat.com /mirrors/LDP/LDP/LGNET/issue42/tag/10.html (868 words)

	A Novel Data Placement Scheme on Continuous Media Servers with Zone-Bit-Recording Disks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		One key issue in developing continuous media servers is the allocation of data into ZBR disks.
		The proposed scheme determines data block size in each zone completely according to the capacity of that zone thus the storage utilization is 100% in this scheme.
		During the process of data retrieval, the data transfer rate for each block is equal to the bandwidth of each physical zone, thus the bandwidth utilization is also maximal.
	csdl.computer.org /comp/proceedings/hpc/2000/0589/02/05890682abs.htm (263 words)

	PROFS--Performance-Oriented Data Reorganization for Log-structured File System on Multi-Zone Disks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Modern disks use the Zone-Bit-Recording (ZBR) technology to increase the capacity.
		A direct consequence of ZBR is that outer tracks have higher data transfer rates.
		By putting active data in the faster zones and inactive data in the slower zones, we can significantly improve the read and write performance.
	www.ececs.uc.edu /~oscar/papers/PROFS.html (239 words)

	ZBR - Zero Bug Release, Zone-Bit Recording
		Zero Bug Release is not the only word formed from ZBR.
		Every attempt has been made to provide you with the correct acronym for ZBR.
		If we missed the mark, we would greatly appreciate your help by entering the correct or alternate meaning in the box below.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/ZBR.asp (101 words)

	CP2044PK Configuration and Specifications
		A basic rule-of-thumb for drive models that do not require the old Write Precomp technique or a Landing Zone because they are Auto-Parking is to add 1 to the cylinder value being used.
		As an example: If cylinders equaled 820, then both Write Precomp and Landing Zone would be entered as 821.
		Since a User-definable or Custom translation geometry may be used, it is imperative that the values be written down and kept with your permanent records for retrieval in the event of CMOS battery failure.
	www.seagate.com /support/disc/specs/ata/cp2044pk.html (265 words)

	Boardsmith Security
		A group of this elementary magnets is considered as a 'bit', we'll call it 'isle' here.
		Devices which are able to measure the value of the magnetic field of each bit are common at Data Recovery Services or Law Enforcement Agencies.
		Defective areas are tested and marked as bad and an entry in the bad sector list (a special area on the hard disk) follows and the HDD doesn't use a bad sector anymore.
	boardsmith.netfirms.com /manuals/hdd/hddwiping.html (1264 words)

	The Answer Guy 37: Ultra-DMA and the 8.4Gb IDE Disk Limit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		That's all really a fiction since all of the high capacity drives in the last decade (everything over about 200Mb) have used "ZBR" (zone bit recording) and consequently don't physically have the same number of sectors per track out the outer "zones" (rings) of the platters as they do on the inner zones.
		The BIOS was only set to handle 10 bits of cylinder (1024 maximum), six bits of sector (per track) and eight bits of "head" which fits neatly into a 16 bit register and one byte register.
		The partition table is the in the last ~50 bytes of the master boot record (MBR) which is exactly one sector.
	www.redhat.com /mirrors/LDP/LDP/LG/issue37/tag/31.html (5038 words)

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