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Topic: Zone plate

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	Zone Plate Variant
		The open area of the zone plate is roughly 1/8”.
		When it arrived, I mounted the zone plate negative and the brass light blocking plate it came with in a 35mm slide mount.
		I think the zone plate, because of its faster speed (f/64 vs. f/238) and softer focus, would be better suited to portraits and nudes.
	www.argonauta.com /html/zone_plate_variant.htm (518 words)

	Zone Plate
		A Zone Plate for 46mm focal length and f/stop of f/64, like the one I use on my Nikon SLR, would have a total of 10 rings and have a total diameter of 1mm which is just under 40 thousands of a inch.
		A zone plate is much faster than a pinhole, how much faster depends on the number of clear rings the zone plate has and the density (base+fog) of the clear rings.
		If the Zone Plate is made using Tech Pan film, I suggest you consider the f/stop of the Zone Plate as one stop less that the calculated, this will compensate for the base+fog density of the film (about 0.3D in my experience).
	ca.geocities.com /penate@rogers.com/zoneplate.html (1020 words)

	Whiz Kid Technomagic Zone Plate Designer
		While it may not be obvious from the picture, each of the white rings in a zone plate covers an area of the exact same size as the pinhole in the middle of the zone plate.
		The traditional way of making a zone plate is to create a large drawing of the exact image of the zone plate, then photographing it on a high contrast fl and white film, thus reducing the image to the correct size.
		The first one (the center) is zone 1, the next one zone 2, etc. Multiply the calculated diameter of the center zone by the square root of the zone number, and you know the correct diameter of the outside zone.
	www.whizkidtech.redprince.net /zoneplate (3953 words)

	The Zone Plate
		Zone plates are becoming increasingly useful as a way of focusing X-rays.
		Basically the zone plate is a way of doing non-lens photography similar to the pinhole but that allows more light to get to the film.
		you should be directly in front of the zone plate image, being to one side or the other will distort the image.
	glsmyth.com /Pinhole/Articles/ZonePlate/Zone_Plate.htm (668 words)

	Understanding plate motions [This Dynamic Earth, USGS]
		Plate boundary zones -- broad belts in which boundaries are not well defined and the effects of plate interaction are unclear.
		Even though the Nazca Plate as a whole is sinking smoothly and continuously into the trench, the deepest part of the subducting plate breaks into smaller pieces that become locked in place for long periods of time before suddenly moving to generate large earthquakes.
		Land on the west side of the fault zone (on the Pacific Plate) is moving in a northwesterly direction relative to the land on the east side of the fault zone (on the North American Plate).
	pubs.usgs.gov /gip/dynamic/understanding.html (2502 words)

	Plate Tectonics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The plates produced at the spreading zone of a divergent boundary are basaltic and the continental parts of a lithospheric plate is granitic.
		Plates are continually forming at spreading zones and continually disappearing by subduction at convergence zones.
		New land can being formed when magmatic differentiation of a subducting plate forms an island arc which is later carried to a subduction zone at the edge of a continent and scraped off to become welded to the edge of the preexisting continent—a terrane.
	homepages.culver.edu /faculty/rmathieson/geology/video/platetec.htm (2266 words)

	Amateur Geologist Structured Geological Glossary: Plate Tectonics
		A point that is common to three plate and which must also be the meeting place of three boundary features, such as divergence zones, convergence zones, or transform fault.
		Zone of earthquake foci produced near the surface of and within the subducted lithosphere.
		Small crustal fragments, island arc, or seamount which are transported by the moving oceanic plate and are added to a continental mass at the subduction zone.
	www.amateurgeologist.com /content/glossary/tectonics/tectonics.html (1219 words)

	New Zone Plate for Soft X-Ray Microscopy at 15-nm Spatial Resolution
		X rays passing through a zone plate are diffracted inward to form a spot approximately equal to the width of the outermost zone.
		Bottom: Scanning electron micrograph of a micro zone plate made using the overlay technique demonstrates achievement of a 30-nm zone period (distance from centers of outermost opaque zones) with high quality (e.g., placement accuracy of 1.7 nm).
		However, the opaque zones were broken by tiny gaps, and they were wider (and the transparent zones between them narrower) than they should have been, somewhat reducing the zone plate's efficiency.
	www-als.lbl.gov /als/science/sci_archive/105zone_plate.html (1109 words)

	Alignment of the Zone Plate
		For alignment of zone plate and OSA, we use mostly the alignment telescope mounted on the downstream VLM viewport on the chamber.
		Move the zone plate in z until it is only a couple of millimeters from the focus position.
		Bring the center of the wafer on the cross hair by moving the zone plate in x and y with the piezo micrometer acuators (piezomikes).
	xray1.physics.sunysb.edu /~micros/cryo/node23.html (578 words)

	Tectonic Plates
		Where an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the oceanic plate tips down and slides beneath the continental plate forming a deep ocean trench (long, narrow, deep basin.) An example of this type of movement, called subduction, occurs at the boundary between the oceanic Nazca Plate and the continental South American Plate.
		The San Andreas Fault zone is an example of this type of boundary where the Pacific Plate on which Los Angeles sits is moving slowly northwestward relative to the North American Plate on which San Francisco sits.
		Plate tectonics, the branch of science that deals with the process by which rigid plates are moved across hot molten material, has helped to explain much in global-scale geology including the formation of mountains, and the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes.
	www.webspawner.com /users/thecosyslughutt/tectonicplates.html (2185 words)

	Zone Plates
		Zone plates use constructive interference of light rays from adjacent zones to form a focus (figure below).
		The focal length f of a zone plate is a function of its diameter OD, its outermost zone width ΔRn and the x-ray wavelength λ:
		Notes: Zone plates and test patterns are fabricated on a free standing, low stress Si3N4 membrane with a thickness of 100-120 nm for Gold and Nickel zone plates up to 200 nm in thickness, 250-300 nm for multi-keV Gold zone plates, and 1000 nm for hard x-ray Gold zone plates.
	xradia.com /Products/zoneplates.html (545 words)

	4
		Descriptions of the diffractive properties of zone plate lenses, their use in x-ray microscopes, and extensive references to the literature are given elsewhere [1–3].
		To isolate the first order from unwanted orders, zone plate lenses are often made with a central stop, used in conjunction with a somewhat smaller collimating aperture near the focal region.
		This is particularly effective in scanning x-ray microscopes [6,7], where the zone plate is used to focus the radiation to a small spot, as in Fig.
	xdb.lbl.gov /Section4/Sec_4-4.html (731 words)

	Geomorphology: Plate T-3
		These fault zones characteristically exhibit landscapes with linear valleys and ridges and evidence of "drag" of the structural fabric in the area adjacent to the fault zone.
		(Plate T-2 provides the regional context for this image.) In this active zone, much of the topography, the direct result of movement on the faults, is only slightly modified by erosion.
		West of the Rinconada zone is the Sur-Nacimiento zone, a darker area adjacent to the Pacific Coast.
	disc.gsfc.nasa.gov /geomorphology/GEO_2/GEO_PLATE_T-3.shtml (842 words)

	Research News:A Sharper Focus for Soft x-rays - Zone Plate Lenses Capable of Better than 15-Nanometer Resolution
		Since x-rays can't be focused by glass lenses, the XM-1 uses lenses made of zone plates, disks of concentric rings of metal from which soft x-rays are diffracted to a focus.
		The opaque gold zones were broken by tiny gaps, and they were wider (and the transparent zones between them narrower) than they should have been, reducing the zone plate's efficiency.
		With the new zone plate the XM-1 microscope was able to image a test pattern of layers of chromium and silicon only 15nm thick, sliced crossways (right).
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/ALS-soft-x-rays.html (1191 words)

	Zone Plate (reflecting) Fresnel Antennas for Amateur SETI -- Part 1
		The Zone Plate antenna is just such a pattern, but the red is replaced by metallic reflectors, and the area between the red is replaced by nonreflectors.
		The entire antenna is flat, that is, all reflecting and nonreflecting "zones" are intended to be confined to the x,y plane.
		I had originally thought that, because the thinner zones were further removed from the feedhorn, they would "scatter" the incident RF enough so that a large portion would enter the feedhorn.
	www.setileague.org /articles/fresnel.htm (1094 words)

	t33b in fm05
		The southern margin of block is the zone from the Higashi-Izu monogenetic volcanoes to the Izu-Oshima Island as a divergence boundary.
		To a lesser extent, increasing subducting plate motion is associated to increasing slab dips and overriding plate shortening.
		The zone is considered to be the upwelling flow induced by the viscous coupling between the subducting and overriding plates (Hasegawa and Nakajima, 2004).
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=fm05&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/fm05/fm05&maxhits=200&="T33B" (10573 words)

	Zone-Plate-Array Lithography (ZPAL)
		The minimum linewidth is equal to the minimum width of the outermost zone of the zone plates.
		In this case the linewidth is 350 nm, the numerical aperture (NA) of the zone plates was 0.67, corresponding to a factor of 0.55.
		The zone plates are used as an array of objective lenses.
	nanoweb.mit.edu /annual-report01/08.html (1141 words)

	A Plate Boundary Observatory
		This particular plate boundary is very broad, containing about a third of the width of North America, although the seismic activity is concentrated towards the western edge of the boundary zone.
		A basic tenet of plate tectonics is that plates are rigid and that deformation is concentrated in narrow zones at their boundaries.
		The central observational requirement for the study of plate boundary deformation is the characterization of the three-dimensional deformation field over the maximum ranges of spatial and temporal scales.
	www.iris.iris.edu /newsletter/EE.Fall98.web/plate.html (2489 words)

	Product Listing - Cameras
		It is quite difficult to make a zone plate for this short a focal length and this is a rare item.
		Zone Plates are a soft focusing imaging device, that give an unusual effect to the image where there is high contrast.
		They have a clear central zone and are supplied ready to be mounted by you on your camera.
	www.pinholeresource.com /agora/agora.cgi?cart_id=&xm=on&product=Cameras (1836 words)

	Zone Plate (reflecting) Fresnel Antennas for Amateur SETI -- Part Two
		One of his contributions was the Zone Plate, which can be made of metal, is flat, and focuses electromagnetic radiation much as a lens or concave mirror.
		BOUNDNUMBER is just the number, from one to twenty, identifying the boundaries between the zones of the zone plate.
		This sets the scale of the entire Zone Plate: the diameter of the bullseye increases linearly with R. Line 105 puts a small dead spot at the very center of the zone plate, to allow for a mast to be installed to hold up the feedhorn.
	www.setileague.org /articles/fresnel2.htm (785 words)

	CGNS Standard Interface Data Structures - Structured Two-Zone Flat Plate Example
		Included are the cell dimension and physical dimension of the grid, the globally set data class, the global reference state and flow-equations description, and data pertaining to each zone.
		The grid-coordinate entities for zone 2 are abbreviated.
		This section describes the interface connectivity between zones 1 and 2; it also includes the k-plane periodicity for each zone (which is essentially an interface connectivity of a zone onto itself).
	www.lerc.nasa.gov /WWW/cgns/sids/twozone.html (2174 words)

	MSD Research Highlight (Site not responding. Last check: )
		To achieve 15 nm resolution for example, zone plates must be made with a placement accuracy of 5 nm.
		Electron-beam lithography is used to make the zone plates but the narrow linewidths required cannot be achieved with standard techniques because beam broadening, resulting from electron scattering within the recording medium (resist), leads to a loss of image contrast and thus printability for dense features.
		After installation of the zone plates into the XM-1 microscope at the Advanced Light Source (ALS), the sub-15 nm resolution was confirmed by imaging test objects.
	www.lbl.gov /~msd/PIs/Liddle/05-01_zone_plate.html (475 words)

	BHUJ: A DIFFUSE PLATE BOUNDARY ZONE EARTHQUAKE? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Indian plate's northern boundary is a zone of faulting with earthquakes extending thousands of km north from the Himalayas.
		Its southern boundary is also a diffuse zone of seismicity and deformation, first recognized from the fact that models of a single plate containing both India and Australia were unable to account for these presumed "intraplate" earthquakes.
		The scales involved are plausible: in terms of a different tectonic environment, but familiar geometry, Bhuj would be about halfway across the boundary zone between the Pacific and North American plates, in the central Nevada seismic belt where events as large as M 7.75 (Pleasant Valley, 1915) have occurred.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_24251.htm (478 words)

	Untitled Document
		Combine not knowing “the strike zone” on any give day with a fastball moving at about 90mph, from a pitcher that doesn’t exactly want you to hit it, to a catcher that’s been watching every swing you take to figure out your weakness and you have a very difficult task.
		In other words, pitches on the inside of the plate require you to meet the ball farther in front of the plate in order to successfully get the good part of the bat on the ball.
		Work on the 3 strike zones to the outside of the plate, create good muscle memory and start attacking those pitches in the games.
	www.beabetterhitter.com /text/hittingdrills/thestrikezone/thestrikezone.html (2035 words)

	Zone Plate (archive copy)
		That fastness is paid by having less "sharpness" than a pinhole, that lack of sharpness is due to a good amount of light the zone plate let through un-diffracted, which causes highlights to have a ghostly effect.
		Where R is the Ring number (value 1 is used for the inner ring, 2 for the next ring, and so on), F is the Zone Plate focal length and both Diameter and F are given in millimeters.
		Oil Tanks zone plate photo by Guillermo Penate, some 16 exposures of 1/15th second (slowest speed on that camera..)...
	medfmt.8k.com /mf/zoneplate.html (1460 words)

	www.ars-imago.ch - Zone Plate Set - ZEROZONESET
		With this zone plate set you can take zone plate photo from wide angle to tele photo: 90mm, 135mm, 150mm, 180mm, 240mm and 300mm.
		This zone plate set is special designed for use with our Copal adaptor, simply cut along the edge of the zone plate and it will automatically be centered in the pocket of the copal adaptor.
		If you have no idea what is a zone plate, you may visit our Zone Plate section for more information.
	www.ars-imago.ch /zoneplateset-p-4323.html (292 words)

	Phase shift multifocal zone plate (US4340283)
		A multifocal zone plate construction suitable for use in optical systems with multifocal requirements.
		It is designed as a phase shift multifocal zone plate to provide multiple focii with bright images.
		This is accomplished by adjusting the zone plate spacings such that some of the zone plate focii actually coincide with some of the multifocal Fresnel lens focii.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US04340283__ (247 words)

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