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Topic: Zonular fibers

	eMedicine - Hemorrhage, Vitreous : Article Excerpt by: Brian A Phillpotts, MD
		The vitreous body is bounded posterolaterally by the internal limiting membrane of the retina, anterolaterally by the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body, and anteriorly by the lens zonular fibers and posterior lens capsule.
		These 2 spaces are located between the anterior hyaloid membrane, the posterior lens capsule, and the orbiculoposterocapsular portion of the zonular fibers.
		This space is located between the orbiculoanterocapsular and posterocapsular portions of the zonular fibers.
	www.emedicine.com /oph/byname/hemorrhage-vitreous.htm (624 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		amygdalofugal fibers, the fibers of the ventral amygdalofugal tract and the stria terminalis.
		nigrostriate fibers, the fibers of the nigrostriate tract.
		striatonigral fibers, the fibers of the strionigral tract.
	www.merckmedicus.com /pp/us/hcp/thcp_dorlands_content.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/dmd-f-013.htm (3338 words)

	Glossary of eye anatomy TERMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The ciliary body is a raised area that surrounds lens and is attached to the lens by the zonular fibers.
		The lens is attached to the ciliary body by the zonular fibers.
		Fibers that attach the edge of the lens to the ciliary body.
	www.vet.purdue.edu /depts/bms/vldl/ea_desc.htm (529 words)

	"Spare parts" for use in ophthalmic surgical procedures - Patent 4888016
		7 except for the fact that a plurality of artificial zonular fibers 25 are affixed, e.g., by being fused or otherwise bonded along one end region thereof, to the exterior surfaces of the posterior capsule portion 24a and the anterior capsular flap portion 24b.
		As shown, those of the artificial zonular fibers which are designated 25a are distributed over the entire peripheral region of the posterior capsule portion 24a, while those of the artificial zonular fibers which are designated 25b are distributed along the entire peripheral region of the anterior capsular flap portion 24b.
		The anchoring means for the accommodative lens 28 are two sets of artificial zonular fibers 25a"' and 25b"' which are bonded or fused at their inner end regions to the exterior surfaces of the peripheral regions of the posterior and anterior capsule portions 29a and 29b.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4888016.html (5461 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		}} The ciliary muscle is a smooth muscle that affects zonular fibers in the eye (fibers that suspend the lens in position during accommodation), enabling changes in lens shape for light focusing.
		When the ciliary muscle contracts, it releases the tension on the lens caused by the zonular fibers (fibers that hold or flatten the lens).
		Contraction of the lens happens when there is parasympathetic activation of the M3 muscarinic receptors on the ciliary muscles (contraction of the ciliary muscles reduces the size of the ciliary body, lessening the tension on the lens and allowing it to assume a more sperical shape for close vision).
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Ciliary_muscle (212 words)

	Reshaping the Future: Refractive Surgery 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		From UBM imaging the posterior zonular fibers must be stretched during accommodation and their orientation changed by the forward and axial movement of the apex of the ciliary muscle.
		This theory states that because of the increasing lens thickness and the anterior zonular shift with age, there is a decrease in the zonular insertion angle onto the anterior edge of the lens with age.
		This change in zonular insertion angle with age is said to reduce the ability of the zonular fibers to release the resting tension on the lens during accommodation and thus fail to allow the lens to become accommodated.
	www.opt.uh.edu /research/aglasser/aao/aao.html (2649 words)

	[No title]
		However, when the fibers of the zonule are severed all around by the sharp edge of a knife, the curvature of the anterior surface increases markedly and "assumes the shape that it has under maximum accommodation," i.e.
		Although most of the standard textbooks on ophthalmology state simply that in accommodation the zonular fibers relax their tension, this is not the whole story.
		Several investigators have shown that there are two sets of fibers, and that while the anterior fibers relax in accommodation, the posterior fibers either remain tensed or increase their tension.
	ec.eurecom.fr /~basturk/eye/papers/mccollim1.txt (6963 words)

	Comparative Ophthalmology Notes: Chapter 10 - Lens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Lens fibers continue to form from the cells at the equator so that several layers are produced.
		Zonular or suspensory ligaments: These are termed zonules of Zinn and arise from the ciliary body to insert into and around the equatorial capsule.
		Lens fiber transparency is affected by swelling and coagulation of protein.
	www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu /courses/vet_eyes/conotes/con_chapter_10.html (4276 words)

	Presence of Collagen IV in the Ciliary Zonules of the Human Eye: An Immunohistochemical Study by LM and TEM -- Los et ...
		The zonular fibers are surrounded by a coating consisting of
		Human zonular fibers (donor, 12 years) stained with anti-collagen IV (labeled structures appear pink due to AEC staining; the pink rather than red aspect of AEC-positive structures is due to Technovit, the embedding medium).
		Note intense anti-collagen IV staining of zonular fibers (zo), lens capsule (lc), and basement membrane of the ciliary epithelium (ce).
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/52/6/789 (2797 words)

	Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Microscopic Anatomy: Section 1 - Cells
		Zonular fibers of suspensory ligament: Seen attached to the ciliary processes.
		Inelastic and radially arranged fibers from which the lens is suspended.
		When the eye is at rest, zonular fibers under tension from elastic fibers in the choroid stretch the lens.
	www.anatomyatlases.org /MicroscopicAnatomy/Section16/Plate16303.shtml (398 words)

	[No title]
		The crystalline lens is a unique transparent, biconvex intraocular structure that lies in the anterior segment of the eye, suspended radially at its equator by the zonular fibers and ciliary body between the iris and the vitreous body.
		The lens capsule is a basement membrane elaborated by the lens epithelium anteriorly and by superficial fibers posteriorly.
		The zonular fibers of the lens are attached to this membrane and extend into the cells of the nonpigmented epithelium.
	www.slackbooks.com /excerpts/65775/65775.asp (7297 words)

	(Pseudo)exfoliation Syndrome
		Bartholomew133 found the zonular fibers clinically to separate from their attachments to the ciliary body and produce a characteristic inferior displacement of the lens.
		Weakening of the zonular support and subsequent laxity of the lens could allow it to move slightly more anteriorly, predisposing the eye to pupillary block, particularly in the prone position.
		Zonular laxity with anterior lens displacement may also predispose an eye with exfoliation syndrome to elevated IOP in the presence of an open angle.
	www.ophthal.org /ORJ/glaucoma/pxgthesis.shtml (2564 words)

	Vascular Tunic:Ciliary Body (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		When the ciliary muscles are relaxed there is tension on the zonular fibers and the lens is stretched, allowing you to focus at infinity.
		When the ciliary muscles are contracted they relieve the tension in the zonular fibers, allowing the lens to adopt its natural, rounder, shape and focus close by.
		Zonular fibers are fragile and hardly ever survive intact in tissue sections.
	www.vcu.edu /anatomy/OB/Eye/tsld011.htm (91 words)

	Cataract & Refractive Surgery Today
		Presbyopia, he maintains, may be due to the continued growth of the lens and the consequential slackening of zonular fibers, which would prevent the ciliary muscle from increasing equatorial zonular tension and the central lens curvature during accommodation.
		Further, Dr. Schachar’s theory was not supported by a monkey-model study that showed the lens equator to move away from the sclera and decrease lens diameter, as predicted by Dr. von Helmholtz and contrary to Dr. Schachar’s prediction.
		According to the disaccommodation theory, continued lenticular growth throughout life and age-related changes in zonular insertions lead to an inability of the zonular fibers to hold the aging lens in the relatively flattened unaccommodative state.
	www.crstodayarchive.com /03_archive/1002/crst1002_151.html (1336 words)

	Virtual Hospital: Atlas of Microscopic Anatomy: Section 1 - Cells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Zonular fibers of suspensory ligament: Seen attached to the ciliary processes.
		Inelastic and radially arranged fibers from which the lens is suspended.
		When the eye is at rest, zonular fibers under tension from elastic fibers in the choroid stretch the lens.
	www.vh.org /adult/provider/anatomy/MicroscopicAnatomy/Section16/Plate16303.html (270 words)

	Some data on the bag tension rings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The result of the centrifugal force on the fornix of the capsule is that will recenter a decentered lens or a decentered cataract, according to Dr. Fine, who presented his results with the capsular tension ring at the recent 25th annual meeting of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery.
		To allow for removal, the zonular fibers had to be severed along one quadrant.
		When the zonular tear is larger than 90°, all tractional surgical maneuvers are difficult and increase the chance of further zonular disinsertion.
	www.ioltech.com /beta/pressesci/commun/26.html (2476 words)

	Calcium Determines the Supramolecular Organization of Fibrillin-rich Microfibrils -- Wess et al. 141 (3): 829 -- The ...
		We have previously used x-ray diffraction to examine the structural organization of microfibrils in zonular filaments (29).
		Zonular fibers from bovine eyes are relatively large (5-mm long in situ) and contain microfibrils orientated along their length.
		The application of a small pretension (10% extension of zonular tissue) caused the shape of the diffuse scatter to become anisotropic and less predominant, and maintained axial periodicity at ~56 nm for each cyclic treatment of an individual sample with Ca and EGTA.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/141/3/829 (5528 words)

	SUNY Upstate Medical University: : Faculty Research at Upstate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The fibers of the zonule also transmit the force of the ciliary muscle to the lens, allowing the rapid accommodative movements needed to continuously change our visual focus between distance and near.
		If the zonual fibers are weakened by disease they may break and the lens will dislocate, with loss of ability to focus, sometimes resulting in inflammation within the eye or an increase in intraocular pressure, called glaucoma.
		The zonular fibers are composed of delicate but resilient bundles of microfibrils.
	www.upstate.edu /faculty?ID=streeteb (779 words)

	Anatomy and biomechanics of the zonular apparatus and its coupling to the lens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The zonular apparatus, as a three-dimensional arrangement of elastic fibers, translates any accommodative distorsion and movement of the ciliary muscle into a corresponding change in the shape of the lens.
		The shorter anterior zonular section is grouped into periequatorial, to a smaller extent also equatorial bands, inserting under different angels at the peripheral lens capsule.
		The anterior zonular section yields a sophisticated, rotational symmetric transmission of tensile forces to the peripheral lens capsule.
	www.dog.org /2000/e-abstract_2000/450.html (307 words)

	Vascular Tunic:Ciliary Body (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The ciliary body is the thickened region of the vascular tunic in which the lens is suspended, and which focuses vision.
		loose connective tissue which is rich in elastic fibers, blood vessels and melanocytes
		Zonular fibers, extremely fine collagenous strands, which arise from the ciliary epithelium and are attached to the lens capsule
	www.vcu.edu /anatomy/OB/Eye/tsld010.htm (75 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		There is a large differential diagnosis for a subluxed IOL, in this case, the etiology is pseudoexfoliation and minor head trauma causing zonular dialysis of the already weak zonules.
		This is the underlying condition causing the weak zonular fibers and predisposing to lens subluxation with minor head trauma.
		The level of trauma that occurred in this case is not sufficient to cause zonular dialysis in a normal eye.
	www.midnightdesign.com /AAO/PVI/case04/04R815.txt (440 words)

	Cataract Oct 2002
		In exfoliation syndrome, for example, the fibers are stretched close to their elastic limit.
		The capsular tension ring releases some of the forces on the zonular fibers, perhaps allowing their elastic elements to recoil and “retension.” After inserting a ring, Dr. Rosenthal recommends pausing for a few minutes to allow this visible retensioning to occur.
		They buttress the weakest areas of zonular fibers and redistribute forces from stronger to weaker areas.
	www.aao.org /aao/news/eyenet/cataract/cataract_oct.htm (1280 words)

	Arch Ophthalmol -- Imaging Zonular Abnormalities Using Ultrasound Biomicroscopy, July 1998, Pavlin et al. 116 (7): 854
		presumed to be zonular remnants attached to the lens (Figure 4).
		with the normal appearance of the lens in the zonular region.
		increased zonular fiber length, and the presence of zonular
	archopht.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/full/116/7/854 (1546 words)

	Artigos em Língua Estrangeira - Continued Education - n. 636 - 01
		This movement increases tension on the equatorial zonular fibers while releases tension on the anterior and posterior zonular bundles.
		The fibers destined for the anterior and equatorial lens capsule have been shown to be strongly adherent to the valleys of the ciliary processes.
		This concept of age-related loss of accommodation related to decreased zonular tension resulting from continued growth of the lens throughout life, rather than lenticular sclerosis was also described by Weale 26 and Bito and Miranda 43.
	www.abonet.com.br /abo/at_ing01.htm (3995 words)

	Handbook of Ocular Disease Management - PIGMENT DISPERSION SYNDROME and PIGMENTARY GLAUCOMA
		Pigment dispersion occurs as a result of the proximity between the posterior iris pigment epithelium and the zonular fibers in some patients.
		The abrasive nature of this physical contact leads to mechanical disruption of the iris surface and release of pigment granules into the posterior chamber, which follow the flow of aqueous into the anterior chamber angle.
		Miotics are preferable to beta-blockers or adrenergic agents because they have a dual effect: (1) lowering the IOP and (2) contracting the pupil, thereby pulling the peripheral iris away from the zonular fibers.
	www.revoptom.com /handbook/sect4c.htm (698 words)

	Cataract & Refractive Surgery Today
		Due to the lack of zonular integrity, it is often difficult to perforate the capsule to begin a capsulorhexis.
		If there are areas of missing zonular fibers, centripetal traction on the capsular flap may result in further damage.
		Finally, the continuous pressure of the ring against the capsular fornices bolsters the zonular traction on the capsule and counters the force of constriction after metaplasia and fibrosis of the capsulorhexis.
	www.crstodayarchive.com /03_archive/0302/crst0302_14.html (1119 words)

	Ophthalmic Hyperguide. Section: Cataract and IOLs
		In cases of zonular weakness, complete hydrodissection will minimize zonular stress caused by nuclear rotation and will promote separation of cortex from the capsule.
		The greatest stress to the zonular fibers occurs during the stripping of the residual cortical fibers from the equatorial capsule.
		In grade 3 to 4 nuclear sclerotic lenses, thorough hydrodissection is imperative to minimize zonular stress during nuclear rotation and while sculpting a crater.
	www.ophthalmic.hyperguides.com /Tutorials/cataract/cat_tech/tutorial.asp (3756 words)

	Handbook of Ocular Disease Management - Pigment Dispersion Syndrome and Pigmentary Glaucoma
		Pigment dispersion results from the proximity between the posterior iris pigment epithelium and the zonular fibers of the lens.
		In patients with PDS and PG, there is a posterior bowing of the peripheral iris that precipitates the zonular touch.
		The term "reverse pupillary block" describes a condition in which anterior chamber pressure intermittently exceeds that of the posterior chamber, enhancing this backward displacement of the iris and resulting in further pigment liberation and IOP spikes.
	www.revoptom.com /handbook/oct02_sec4_4.htm (961 words)

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