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Topic: Zoroastrian eschatology

	Eschatology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Eschatology literally means the study of the eschaton, the times of the end, "last things", or "end times".
		In Zoroastrianism, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Rastafari, and in Norse pagan theology, eschatology is a theology concerning the end of the world, as said in the prophecies of these faiths, and as recorded in their sacred texts.
		Zoroastrianism is the oldest eschatology known to modern humans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eschatology (449 words)

	Eschatology. Who is Eschatology? What is Eschatology? Where is Eschatology? Definition of Eschatology. Meaning of ...
		Eschatology literally means the study of the eschaton, the times of the end, 'last things', or 'end times.' In Zoroastrianism, Christianity and in Norse heathen theology, eschatology refers to a theology concerning the end of the world, as predicted in the prophecies of these faiths, and as recorded in their sacred texts.
		Eschatology also refers to the study of general afterlife concepts of other religions, especially the western monotheistic faiths.
		In this broader sense, eschatology can refer to the messiah, a messianic era, the afterlife, and the soul in religions which have such beliefs.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Eschatology (269 words)

	Eschatology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In Zoroastrianism, Christianity and in Norse pagan theology, eschatology refers to a theology concerning the end of the world, as predicted in in the prophecies of these faiths, and as recorded in their sacred texts.
		As far as we know, Zoroastrianism had a fully developed concept of the end of the world as being devoured by fire already in 500 B.C. and is thus the oldest eschatology we know of.
		Science does not have an eschatology as such, but the study of cosmology does deal with theories about the possible origins and the ultimate fate of the Universe.
	www.encyclopedian.com /es/Eschatology.html (234 words)

	Encyclopedia: Eschatology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Eschatology literally means the study of the eschaton, the times of the end, 'last things', or 'end times.' In Zoroastrianism, Christianity, Rastafari, and in Norse pagan theology, eschatology is a theology concerning the end of the world, as predicted in the prophecies of these faiths, and as recorded in their sacred texts.
		As far as is known, Zoroastrianism, by 500 B.C, had a fully developed concept of the end of the world as being devoured by fire, and is thus the oldest known eschatology.
		Contemporary Hindu eschatology is linked in the Vaishnavite tradition to the figure of Kalki, or the tenth and last avatar of Vishnu before the age draws to a close, and Shiva simultaneously dissolves and regenerates the universe.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Eschatology (1721 words)

	Iranica.com -ESCHATOLOGY
		The part of eschatology that deals with the fate of the individual after death is all concerned with me@no@g; the account of the end of the world and of its reconstitution, i.e., universal eschatology, reflects a future history that is conducted in a combination of ge@t^g and me@no@g, with an emphasis on the former.
		Zoroastrian eschatology seems to possess a certain coherence and structure, given the large role that the dichotomy between the notions of me@n@og and ge@t^g plays in it.
		Idem, "The Doctrine of the Bolos in Manichaean Eschatology," JAOS 58, 1938, pp.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v8f6/v8f609.html (15090 words)

	Eschatology
		Eschatology literally means the study of the eschaton, the times of the end, 'last things', or 'end times.' In Zoroastrianism, Christianity and in Norse heathen theology, eschatology is a theology concerning the end of the world, as predicted in the prophecies of these faiths, and as recorded in their sacred texts.
		It can also be the study of general afterlife concepts of other religions, especially the western monotheistic faiths.
		Eschatologies of particular religions: Ancient religions (no longer widely practised)\nAncient Aztec eschatology\nAncient Egyptian eschatology \nAncient Greek eschatology\nAncient Roman eschatology\nAncient Norse eschatology* Modern-day religions (still widely practised)\nBuddhist eschatology\nChristian eschatology \nHindu eschatology\nIslamic eschatology \nJewish eschatology* \nZoroastrian eschatology\nNeopagans and Wiccans believe that the entire Universe continues in endless cycles of birth, death, and rebirth.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/e/es/eschatology.html (362 words)

	The Hindu : A Zoroastrian Tapestry
		As Zoroastrianism lays great emphasis on the laws of purity and the sacredness of the seven creations, the preferred disposal mode, as per the sacred texts is that of exposure.
		The soul of a Zoroastrian, is judged at the Bridge of the Separator, at the dawn of the fourth morning after death.
		As Zoroastrian eschatology promotes the belief in a universal resurrection, there is no place for the theory of reincarnation, which is incompatible with the beliefs and practices of the Zoroastrian tradition.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/mag/2002/07/21/stories/2002072100130200.htm (2486 words)

	The Zoroastrian-Biblical Connections -- Influence of Zoroastrianism in Other Religions
		But before addressing the influence of Zoroastrianism in the tenets of Judeans, it is imperative to have a better insight into the new Zoroastrianism as was perceived and practiced by the Persians at the time of the Babylonian Conquest.
		Another Zoroastrian concept was The Kingdom of God or chosen government, wherein all the virtuous men and women reside freely and choose leaders for their righteousness, and the oppressed will be rehabilitated.
		He is the author of the recently published book "The Zoroastrian Doctrine and Biblical Connections." He has been a guest lecturer at various community centers and religious organizations in Kansas City, as well as at the Gatha Conference in California (1994), and the Zoroastrian Congress in San Francisco in 1996.
	www.zarathushtra.com /z/article/biblicalconnection.htm (3772 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Iranology, Fatema Soudavar Farmanfarmaian
		The article concerned an Azar Kayvan, a Zoroastrian from Shiraz, who, in the 17th century, left for India to found a Zoroastrian version of the celebrated illuminationist theosophic school initiated by the 12th-century Iranian gnostic, Shehab-al-din Yahya Sohravardi.
		An interesting exchange, in which a Zoroastrian turns to novel ideas coming out of his land in the guise of Islam, and on the other a noted scholar of Islamic gnosis attracted to the 'nationalized' version of the gnosticism of his school as conceived among Indian Parsees.
		Never mind that a footnote of the same article says that some of the books attributed by Azar Kayvan and his disciples to pre-Islamic figures are apocryphal, that the attempt to avoid Arabic words in the text is too forced and that the texts attributed to this school are not altogether devoid of opaque 'gibberish'.
	www.iranian.com /FSFF/2004/May/Reformation (2382 words)

	[No title]
		Eschatology literally means the study of the eschaton, the times of the end, 'last things', or 'end times.' In Zoroastrianism,
		heathen theology, eschatology is a theology concerning the end of the world, as predicted in the
		Reformed Eschatology (http://www.monergism.com/thethreshold/articles/topics/eschatology.html)"In days to come the mountain of the Lord's house shall be established as the highest of the mountains, and shall be raised above the hills; all the nations shall stream to it." Isaiah 2:2
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Eschatology (263 words)

	On becoming a Zoroastrian in Italy
		I see my personal zoroastrian choice not as a denial, but rather as a refinement and an enlargement of my previous religious experiences, along moral and intellectual lines which I felt were traced by a higher hand.
		Zoroastrians should vindicate, I think, that the majestic and pluralistic metaphysical scenery offered by Amesha Spentas, Yazads and Fravahrs is an inspired syntesis of what is best in both monotheism and so called polytheism.
		Universalism applied to Zoroastrianism doesn’t mean diluting its message, but rather affirming that it constitutes the root of any good concepts or practices developed in other religious contexts.
	www.vohuman.org /Article/On%20becoming%20a%20Zoroastrian%20in%20Italy.htm (3565 words)

	Radical Protestant Millenarianism
		Like the Zoroastrians, Jesus believed, as near as we can tell, that the end of time would witness a final, cataclysmic battle between the forces of good and the forces of evil—the end result would be the final triumph of the forces of good.
		It was this eschatology which drove the Puritans to agitate politically in England in the seventeenth century, and, ultimately, to settle in America.
		When Ronald Reagan would refer to America as "the city on the hill," he is making reference to Christian eschatology (one of the events of the end of time will be the rebuilding of Jerusalem, the city on the hill) and promulgating the secularized millenial vision of America.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/AMERICA/MILL.HTM (1052 words)

	Zoroastrianism -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Zoroastrianism includes the veneration of Fravashis—i.e., preexistent souls that are good by nature, gods and goddesses of individual families and clans, and physical elements.
		According to Zoroastrian belief, humans are caught up in a great cosmic struggle between the forces of good, led by Ahura Mazda (Wise Lord), and the forces of evil, led by Angra Mainyu, or Ahriman,...
		With the arrival of the Sassanian Dynasty on the throne of Iran in AD 224, Zoroastrianism became the official religion.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?eu=108446 (814 words)

	essene angel messiah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The third basic Zoroastrian doctrine was that, following 660 B.C., would appear a great virgin-born savior, prophet, or Angel-Messiah, at the close of three consecutive millenniums.
		We should note that Zoroastrianism was a universalist religion; for even the most wicked of men, after fearful refinement in a river of molten metal, would finally emerge as saints into an eternity of peace and glory.
		In the trappings of noisy and pagan solemnity, it is set forth in splendor in the Sixth Book of Virgil's Aeneid, composed in the first century, B.C., and in Dante's Purgatorio and Paradiso, composed in the fourteenth century, A.D. These concepts became the common heritage of the western world.
	egyptcx.netfirms.com /angel_messiah_essenes.htm (287 words)

	Wise Owl Newsletter -- Autumn 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		There is for a Zoroastrian no sorrowful wheel of incarnations to escape from – there is only one life, in which moral choices for good or evil must be constantly made.
		For Zoroastrians there is no sharp division between the soul and the body, as there was for the Orphics and their followers; the physical and the mental worlds are constantly interacting and influencing each other.
		In Zoroastrianism, the human soul is not a fragment or an emanation of the Divine which seeks reintegration; rather each individual soul is accompanied by a divine spirit, known as a “fravashi,” created by God, which embodies the highest potential of the individual living soul.
	www.druansha.com /owl/issue5/5Owl29.htm (593 words)

	http://www.TraditionalCatholic.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Heaven and hell, the final renovation of the world, including the bodily resurrection, were elements in Zoroastrian eschatology.
		Yet even this religion is rarely classed by scholars among monotheistic religions, owing to the polytheistic colouring of its worship of the subordinate nature-spirits, and also to its retention of the ancient Aryan rite of fire-worship, justified by Zoroastrians of modern times as a form of symbolic worship of Ormuzd.
		The so-called survivals in higher religions, such as belief in food-eating ghosts, pain-causing spirits, witchcraft, the use of amulets and fetishes, are often cited as evidence that even such forms of Monotheism as Judaism and Christianity are but outgrowths of lower religions.
	www.traditionalcatholic.net /Tradition/Encyclopedia/Monotheism.html (2982 words)

	Zoroastrianism: The Forgotten Source
		Retroactively, what was only a snake in the Genesis tale came to be irrevocably associated with the Devil, and belief in demonic possession came to be a cultural obsession, as amply reflected in the Gospels.
		Zoroastrians also had a Eucharistic ritual, the Haoma ritual, in which the god Haoma, or rather his presence, was sacrificed in a plant.
		Magi were not kings but Zoroastrian astrologers, and the birthday of Mithras on December 25th was deliberately appropriated by the church to be that of their Christ, whose actual date of birth is unknown and undocumented.
	www.infidels.org /library/magazines/tsr/1994/4/4zoroa94.html (1159 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: The Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The primary line of evidence comes from the language and manner in which the Gathas, the songs of Zoroastrianism and the Avesta, the first scriptures are written: they indicate an undeveloped pastoral culture that had not yet begun to coalesce into a dominant Persian culture.
		Zaehner demonstrates, by means of hundreds of quotes (which he explains in a masterly fashion) that the Sassianian philosopher priests proposed a powerful solution to the problem of evil, a solution that still ought to be carefully studied by theists of any religious tradition.
		Mary Boyce may think the work is "basically unsound", but such a sentiment is unworthy of her (for it is a kind of patricide), and it smells to me of "sour grapes".
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/1842121650 (1371 words)

	Zoroastrianism the forgotten and lost source (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		My view is that Zoroastrianism (or something close to it) didn't directly get into Christianity except through Judaism and Gnosticism and is limited to end-times and apocalyptic ideas and the concept of the Devil.
		Zoroastrian faithful would mark their foreheads with ash before approaching the sacred fire, a gesture that resembles the Ash Wednesday tradition.
		Zoroastrianism also has a eucharistic ritual, the haoma ritual, in which the god Haoma was sacrificed (or rather, his presence in a plant).
	www.sullivan-county.com /news/mine/zoroastianism.htm (1870 words)

	New Scope on some Aspects of ZoroasrtrianHistory and Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Zoroastrian community ought to oppose today's fanaticism with a bright image of Zarathushtra's ethics, and to convince people by their common noble behavior wherever they are.
		Modern Zoroastrians have the huge responsibility to prove to the world that 'eternal' Iran is not what we see today, that they are still worthy of the fame that ancient Persians had in the eyes of the Greeks and the great Western thinkers.
		Being a most sincere admirer of Zoroastrianism, I feel confident that the future of Zoroastrianism is dependent upon a Greater understanding of the spirit of Gatha and the moral virtues praised throughout history as permanent features of Zoroaster's noble character.
	pchome.grm.hia.no /~fsaljoug/Aspects.htm (3931 words)

	Chapter 13, The Origins of Christianity by Professor Revilo P. Oliver (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Zoroastrianism was eclipsed, but it would be an exaggeration to say that it went underground.
		It was fundamental Zoroastrian teaching that after the Resurrection of the Dead and the Last Judgement, the triumphant Ahura Mazda would put an end to time, and if Time was his father, that would be patricide.
		They were officially Zoroastrians and maintained Magi at their courts to keep the sacred fires alight and provide holiness when needed, but they were so negligent in their observation of the Zoroastrian proprieties that the Zoroastrians of the Sassanid period regarded them as little better than infidels.
	www.revilo-oliver.com /rpo/RPO_NewChrist/chap13.htm (6277 words)

	Iranian Impact on Judaism
		Zoroastrian influences on late Judaism was pervasive, profound, and continues with us today.
		The traditional claim that the Jews learned monotheism from the Zoroastrians during the Babylonian captivity can be disputed by the fact that by that time Zoroaster's strict monotheism had been compromised by polytheistic practices.
		The Zoroastrian Angra Mainyu, the Evil One, the eternal enemy of God, is the prototype for late Jewish and Christian ideas of Satan.
	www.class.uidaho.edu /ngier/309/zorojud.htm (1439 words)

	Zoroastrianism
		Zoroastrianism, as a life-enhancing religion, does therefore not encourage such practices as monastic-style isolation or celibacy; indeed asceticism of any kind is discouraged, since such customs are deemed to have a deleterious or weakening effect."
		The Zoroastrian understanding of the world-year consists of a division of history into four equal 3,000 year segments, perhaps influenced by the seasons.
		The Zoroastrian theory of history was elaborated during the Sassanian dynasty (3rd to 7th c.
	www.mystae.com /restricted/streams/gnosis/zoroaster.html (10478 words)

	Prophecy 19: Saoshyant (Zoroaster or Zarathusthra) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Adopted as the faith of the Persian kings, Zoroastrianism became the official religion of the Achaemenid empire and flourished under its successors, the Parthian and Sassanian empires.
		Persecution resulted in the migration (about the 10th century) of the majority of Zoroastrians to India, where the Parsis of Bombay are their modern descendants.
		The language of the earliest Zoroastrian writings is close to that of the Indian Vedas, and much of the mythology is recognizably the same.
	www.adishakti.org /prophecies/prophecy_19.htm (1873 words)

	Browse the collection Article_published
		Concept of Sacred Justice in Hebrew Eschatology, in Lights of Irfan: Papers Presented at the 'Irfán Colloquia and Seminars.
		Eschatology of Globalization, The: Baha’u’llah’s Multiple-Messiahship Revisited, in Numen Book Series: Studies in Modern Religions, Religious Movements and the Babi-Baha’i Faiths, edited by Moshe Sharon.
		Presented as a conference paper at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in December 2000, this paper argues that Baha'u'llah's signal contribution to globalization was to ethicize and sacralize it.
	bahai-library.com /?collection=Article_published (2873 words)

	Zoroastrian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Zoroastrian religion is little known in the United States although it has been an important influence on the development of Judaism, Christianity and Islam in the West and Hinduism and Buddhism in the East.
		The School of Religion is committed to offering courses to provide graduates who will go on to teach religion at colleges and universities, a thorough grounding in Zoroastrian religious ideas and its relationships with the world’s religious traditions.
		With the guidance of our Zoroastrian Council we are seeking to bring knowledge of this ancient, yet modern religion to our students.
	www.cgu.edu /print/1826.asp (104 words)

	Abstracts der Vorträge Iranistik (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The most common example of the "us" and "them" confrontation is that of East and West, but here a less typical case will be dealt with, namely that of India, which has its long-established tradition in Iranian literature.
		Stereotypal ideas on India and its inhabitants, as they appear in modern Persian literature, already have existed in Zoroastrian writings, and were continued by classical Islamic authors.
		India, as the East in general, plays an important role in Zoroastrian eschatology, since the awaited Saviour should arise from it ("Warhram Varchavand", examples in the "Shahname").
	www.uni-bamberg.de /split/dot/kurz/Iranistik/Krasnowolska.htm (486 words)

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